"World Economic Forum" Davos

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Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy That Works for Progress, People and Planet by Klaus Schwab, Peter Vanham

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, agricultural Revolution, air traffic controllers' union, Anthropocene, Apple II, Asian financial crisis, Asperger Syndrome, basic income, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, blue-collar work, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business process, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, centre right, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, colonial rule, company town, contact tracing, contact tracing app, Cornelius Vanderbilt, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, currency peg, cyber-physical system, decarbonisation, demographic dividend, Deng Xiaoping, Diane Coyle, digital divide, don't be evil, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, family office, financial innovation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, gender pay gap, general purpose technology, George Floyd, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, global value chain, global village, Google bus, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high net worth, hiring and firing, housing crisis, income inequality, income per capita, independent contractor, industrial robot, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, job automation, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, labor-force participation, lockdown, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, microplastics / micro fibres, Mikhail Gorbachev, mini-job, mittelstand, move fast and break things, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, new economy, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, precariat, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, reserve currency, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, School Strike for Climate, self-driving car, seminal paper, shareholder value, Shenzhen special economic zone , Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, synthetic biology, TaskRabbit, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, the scientific method, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, transfer pricing, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, union organizing, universal basic income, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, Yom Kippur War, young professional, zero-sum game

sref=61mHmpU4. 41 “How Greta Thunberg and ‘Flygskam’ Are Shaking the Global Airline Industry,” Nicole Lyn Pesce, MarketWatch, December 2019, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/flygskam-is-the-swedish-travel-trend-that-could-shake-the-global-airline-industry-2019-06-20. 42 “This Is What Peak Car Looks Like,” Keith Naughton and David Welch, Bloomberg Businessweek, February 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-02-28/this-is-what-peak-car-looks-like. 43 “COVID-19 Made Cities More Bike-Friendly—Here's How to Keep Them That Way,” Sandra Caballero and Philippe Rapin, World Economic Forum Agenda, June 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/06/covid-19-made-cities-more-bike-friendly-here-s-how-to-keep-them-that-way/. 44 “Germany Calls for a New Trans Europe Express TEE 2.0 Network,” International Railway Journal, September 2020, https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/main-line/germany-calls-for-a-new-trans-europe-express-tee-2-0-network/. 45 ESG stands for environmental, social, and governance. 46 “EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS),” European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en. 47 “The European Union Emissions Trading System Reduced CO2 Emissions Despite Low Prices,” Patrick Bayer and Michaël Aklin, PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, April 2020, https://www.pnas.org/content/117/16/8804. 48 Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders, World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/projects/alliance-of-ceo-climate-leaders. 49 “The Net-Zero Challenge: Fast-Forward to Decisive Climate Action,” World Economic Forum and Boston Consulting Group, January 2020, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Net_Zero_Challenge.pdf. 50 Greta Thunberg, World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, held in Davos, Switzerland, January 2019. An edited version of this speech can be found under the title “‘Our house is on fire’: Greta Thunberg, 16, Urges Leaders to Act on Climate,” The Guardian, January 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/25/our-house-is-on-fire-greta-thunberg16-urges-leaders-to-act-on-climate.

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locations=SA. 14 Global Gender Gap report 2018, http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2018/key-findings/. 15 “Historical Background and Development Of Social Security,” Social Security Administration, https://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html. 16 Tuberculosis Treatment, Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351256. 17 The term “global village” was coined by Canadian thinker Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. 18 “The World Economic Forum, a Partner in Shaping History, 1971–2020,” p.16 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Partner_in_Shaping_History.pdf. 19 The Davos Manifesto, 1973, World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/davos-manifesto-1973-a-code-of-ethics-for-business-leaders/. 20 “A Friedman Doctrine—The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” Milton Friedman, The New York Times, September 1970, https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html. 21 The New York Times Magazine, “What Is Fukuyama Saying?

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Ltd in 1998, 16 ZF (Zeppelin Foundation) presence in, 16, 18 Chinese Century of Humiliation (1840), 56 Chinese Dream (China), 184 Chinese economy African ties (2020s) with, 69–70 Belt and Road Initiative, 100 carbon neutrality goal of the, 62–63 the “China effect” of, 70–72 economic growth (2000s–present) of, 18 emerging global markets interacting with, 63–66, 70–72 energy demands, 62–63 environmental degradation and growth of the, 72 FDI investors setting up businesses in SEZs, 57–58, 61 Gini Indices on global income inequality impact of, 37fig–38, 226 historic Silk Road of ancient, 99, 100 IMF forecast on 2020 economic growth of, 71 increased total debt–to–GDP ratio, 62 increasing national income inequality in, 40 IT and Internet revolution role in expanding, 137 oil imports to, 64 post-World War II, 6 the price of progress, 61–63 private sector's percentage of GDP, 172 Reform and Opening Up policy (1979), 15, 18, 36, 57, 59, 72 state capitalism model of the, 171, 172–173 Christian–Democrats (CDU) [Germany], 78, 79 Christian–Democrats political parties (Europe), 83, 188 Civil Rights Act (US), 226 Civil society to advance interest, meaning, or purpose to members, 179 advocacy groups, 243–246 consumer rights groups, 239–240 the international community and, 237–238 as key stakeholders, 178 modern labor unions, 240–243 NGOs as part of the, 183, 197 NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), 183, 197, 214, 237 plagued by inequality and unsustainability, 3 Cleveland (Ohio), 159 Climate Action Tracker, 191 Climate change Anthropocene label on human responsibility for, 161 Fridays for Climate strikes (2018), 149, 250 Greta Thunberg's activism on, 52, 86, 147–150, 250 megatrends driving, 159–162 Paris Agreement (2015) on, 150, 165, 182, 183, 189, 198 reasons for lack of progress in fighting, 150–159 School Strike for Climate (2018), 147, 148–149 searching for solutions to, 165–168 UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) [2015], 150 UN Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) on, 150 UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 51, 149 See also Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Pollution Climate change megatrends changing societal preferences, 162–165 demographic changes, 160–161 technological progress, 161–162 urbanization, 159–160 Club of Rome, 12–13, 47–48, 149–150 CO2 emissions, 160, 161, 165–166, 182, 200, 202, 203, 207 Cold War Berlin Wall (1961) during the, 75–76, 88, 89 collapse of Soviet Union ending the, 16, 98 fall of the Iron Curtain ending, 77, 80 Soviet sphere of influence during, 6, 7, 8, 75–77 Collective bargaining decline during the 1980s, 14 European promotion of (1950-1970), 10 Ravensburger Pact's impact on, 17 Colombia, 188 Colonialization (19th century), 104 Columbia University, 11, 22 Columbus, Christopher, 97, 101 Communism collapse (1990s–2000s) Soviet Union, 16, 98 Communist Party of China (CPC), 56–57 ideological battle between capitalism and, 7 Soviet Union's promotion of economic model of, 6, 7, 8 Communist Party of China (CPC), 56–57 Compagnie de Suez (France), 94 Companies aim to generate profits and value creation, 179 at the center point of its stakeholders, 175fig checks and balances within, 185, 193–198 collective bargaining with, 10, 14, 17 global stakeholder model role of, 180fig as key stakeholders, 178 re-emerging post-World War II, 6–7 society demanding that a social purpose be served by, 215–216 Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics to measure goals of, 193, 214–215, 249, 250–251 See also specific company; Stakeholder companies Competition EU's anti-competition ruling against Microsoft, 139–140, 141 Milton Friedman doctrine on, 209 Thiel's editorial on problem of, 208–209 See also Monopolies “Competition is for Losers” Wall Street Journal editorial (Thiel), 208–209 Connective technologies description and importance of, 177 government focus on improving digital connectivity, 225, 227–228, 232 Consumer International, 238 Consumer rights groups, 239–240 Cook, Tim, 211–212 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) Mærsk projects in, 206 Milton Friedman's rejection (1970s) of, 14 Costa Rica, 188 Côte d'Ivoire, 70 COVID-19 pandemic “all of society” approach to the, 224 changing travel habits during the, 164 China's total debt–to–GDP ratio impacted by, 62 economies of ASEAN nations and, 66, 67fig female government leadership found to do better during, 224 global economic impact of, 108 globalization allowing rapid spread of, 107 impact on interest rates by, 31 India's economic growth impacted by, 66, 67, 68–69 inequalities revealed by the, 3–4, 43, 73, 227 as litmus test, 250 New Zealand's successful response to, 219–224, 236 protests over governmental responses to, 87 public debt increase during, 19, 29–30 as reminder of interconnectedness of people, 177 response in Sweden to the, 220 SARS–CoV–2 vaccines developed to combat the, 248 Singapore response to the, 232–233 social disruption due to, 247, 248 South Africa's economic impact due to, 70 Spain and Italy as worst hit economies by, 68 stakeholders working for well-being of people during, 248 US society ill-prepared for the, 186 well-managed response in Germany to, 79 Coyle, Diane, 25, 191, 234 Crabtree, James, 40, 125 Crazy Rich Asians (film), 228 CRRC (China), 142 Cryptocurrencies, 161 Cuban Missile Crisis, 76 Czech Republic, 41 D Dale, Spencer, 49 Dansk Metal (Denmark), 115, 117 Darvas, Zsolt, 36, 37, 112, 113 “Data as a property right” initiative, 239 Data Dividend Project, 239 Davos Manifesto (1973), 13–14, 88, 213 Davos Manifesto (2020), 191–192, 213 Davos meetings. See World Economic Forum Annual Meetings Davos (Switzerland), 11 Deaton, Angus, 42 Debt China's increased total debt–to–GDP ratio, 62 high-quality vs. low-quality, 29 increasing rates of, 28–31 low inflation rates and impact on, 33 Decision making Davos Manifesto (1973) on stakeholder-centered, 13–14, 88, 213 history of stakeholder concept on, 174–175 need for checks and balances in, 185, 193–198 reaching environment, social, and governance (ESG) objectives, 185, 193 separating consultative process from, 198 stakeholder model on, 13, 173, 175–198 subsidiarity principle of, 181–183 “Decoupling” of wages, 34 Deloitte (US), 215, 250 Democracy Economist Intelligence Unit's Singapore ranking (2019), 233 global drop in voter turnout for elections, 188 respecting local customs and traditions, 195–196 stakeholder model applied to, 185, 193–198 See also Political divisions Demographic changes, 160–161 Deng Xiaoping, 56, 57 Denmark “Active Labour Market Policies” of, 120–121 A.P.

Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy That Works for Progress, People and Planet by Klaus Schwab

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, agricultural Revolution, air traffic controllers' union, Anthropocene, Apple II, Asian financial crisis, Asperger Syndrome, basic income, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, blue-collar work, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business process, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, centre right, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, colonial rule, company town, contact tracing, contact tracing app, Cornelius Vanderbilt, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, cryptocurrency, cuban missile crisis, currency peg, cyber-physical system, decarbonisation, demographic dividend, Deng Xiaoping, Diane Coyle, digital divide, don't be evil, European colonialism, Fall of the Berlin Wall, family office, financial innovation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, gender pay gap, general purpose technology, George Floyd, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, global value chain, global village, Google bus, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high net worth, hiring and firing, housing crisis, income inequality, income per capita, independent contractor, industrial robot, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, job automation, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, labor-force participation, lockdown, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, means of production, megacity, microplastics / micro fibres, Mikhail Gorbachev, mini-job, mittelstand, move fast and break things, neoliberal agenda, Network effects, new economy, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, precariat, Productivity paradox, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, reserve currency, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, School Strike for Climate, self-driving car, seminal paper, shareholder value, Shenzhen special economic zone , Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, synthetic biology, TaskRabbit, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various products of the whole earth, the scientific method, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, transfer pricing, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, union organizing, universal basic income, War on Poverty, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population, Yom Kippur War, young professional, zero-sum game

sref=61mHmpU4. 41 “How Greta Thunberg and ‘Flygskam’ Are Shaking the Global Airline Industry,” Nicole Lyn Pesce, MarketWatch, December 2019, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/flygskam-is-the-swedish-travel-trend-that-could-shake-the-global-airline-industry-2019-06-20. 42 “This Is What Peak Car Looks Like,” Keith Naughton and David Welch, Bloomberg Businessweek, February 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-02-28/this-is-what-peak-car-looks-like. 43 “COVID-19 Made Cities More Bike-Friendly—Here's How to Keep Them That Way,” Sandra Caballero and Philippe Rapin, World Economic Forum Agenda, June 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/06/covid-19-made-cities-more-bike-friendly-here-s-how-to-keep-them-that-way/. 44 “Germany Calls for a New Trans Europe Express TEE 2.0 Network,” International Railway Journal, September 2020, https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/main-line/germany-calls-for-a-new-trans-europe-express-tee-2-0-network/. 45 ESG stands for environmental, social, and governance. 46 “EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS),” European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en. 47 “The European Union Emissions Trading System Reduced CO2 Emissions Despite Low Prices,” Patrick Bayer and Michaël Aklin, PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, April 2020, https://www.pnas.org/content/117/16/8804. 48 Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders, World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/projects/alliance-of-ceo-climate-leaders. 49 “The Net-Zero Challenge: Fast-Forward to Decisive Climate Action,” World Economic Forum and Boston Consulting Group, January 2020, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Net_Zero_Challenge.pdf. 50 Greta Thunberg, World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, held in Davos, Switzerland, January 2019. An edited version of this speech can be found under the title “‘Our house is on fire’: Greta Thunberg, 16, Urges Leaders to Act on Climate,” The Guardian, January 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/25/our-house-is-on-fire-greta-thunberg16-urges-leaders-to-act-on-climate.

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locations=SA. 14 Global Gender Gap report 2018, http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2018/key-findings/. 15 “Historical Background and Development Of Social Security,” Social Security Administration, https://www.ssa.gov/history/briefhistory3.html. 16 Tuberculosis Treatment, Mayo Clinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351256. 17 The term “global village” was coined by Canadian thinker Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. 18 “The World Economic Forum, a Partner in Shaping History, 1971–2020,” p.16 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Partner_in_Shaping_History.pdf. 19 The Davos Manifesto, 1973, World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/davos-manifesto-1973-a-code-of-ethics-for-business-leaders/. 20 “A Friedman Doctrine—The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” Milton Friedman, The New York Times, September 1970, https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html. 21 The New York Times Magazine, “What Is Fukuyama Saying?

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Ltd in 1998, 16 ZF (Zeppelin Foundation) presence in, 16, 18 Chinese Century of Humiliation (1840), 56 Chinese Dream (China), 184 Chinese economy African ties (2020s) with, 69–70 Belt and Road Initiative, 100 carbon neutrality goal of the, 62–63 the “China effect” of, 70–72 economic growth (2000s–present) of, 18 emerging global markets interacting with, 63–66, 70–72 energy demands, 62–63 environmental degradation and growth of the, 72 FDI investors setting up businesses in SEZs, 57–58, 61 Gini Indices on global income inequality impact of, 37fig–38, 226 historic Silk Road of ancient, 99, 100 IMF forecast on 2020 economic growth of, 71 increased total debt–to–GDP ratio, 62 increasing national income inequality in, 40 IT and Internet revolution role in expanding, 137 oil imports to, 64 post-World War II, 6 the price of progress, 61–63 private sector's percentage of GDP, 172 Reform and Opening Up policy (1979), 15, 18, 36, 57, 59, 72 state capitalism model of the, 171, 172–173 Christian–Democrats (CDU) [Germany], 78, 79 Christian–Democrats political parties (Europe), 83, 188 Civil Rights Act (US), 226 Civil society to advance interest, meaning, or purpose to members, 179 advocacy groups, 243–246 consumer rights groups, 239–240 the international community and, 237–238 as key stakeholders, 178 modern labor unions, 240–243 NGOs as part of the, 183, 197 NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), 183, 197, 214, 237 plagued by inequality and unsustainability, 3 Cleveland (Ohio), 159 Climate Action Tracker, 191 Climate change Anthropocene label on human responsibility for, 161 Fridays for Climate strikes (2018), 149, 250 Greta Thunberg's activism on, 52, 86, 147–150, 250 megatrends driving, 159–162 Paris Agreement (2015) on, 150, 165, 182, 183, 189, 198 reasons for lack of progress in fighting, 150–159 School Strike for Climate (2018), 147, 148–149 searching for solutions to, 165–168 UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) [2015], 150 UN Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) on, 150 UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 51, 149 See also Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Pollution Climate change megatrends changing societal preferences, 162–165 demographic changes, 160–161 technological progress, 161–162 urbanization, 159–160 Club of Rome, 12–13, 47–48, 149–150 CO2 emissions, 160, 161, 165–166, 182, 200, 202, 203, 207 Cold War Berlin Wall (1961) during the, 75–76, 88, 89 collapse of Soviet Union ending the, 16, 98 fall of the Iron Curtain ending, 77, 80 Soviet sphere of influence during, 6, 7, 8, 75–77 Collective bargaining decline during the 1980s, 14 European promotion of (1950-1970), 10 Ravensburger Pact's impact on, 17 Colombia, 188 Colonialization (19th century), 104 Columbia University, 11, 22 Columbus, Christopher, 97, 101 Communism collapse (1990s–2000s) Soviet Union, 16, 98 Communist Party of China (CPC), 56–57 ideological battle between capitalism and, 7 Soviet Union's promotion of economic model of, 6, 7, 8 Communist Party of China (CPC), 56–57 Compagnie de Suez (France), 94 Companies aim to generate profits and value creation, 179 at the center point of its stakeholders, 175fig checks and balances within, 185, 193–198 collective bargaining with, 10, 14, 17 global stakeholder model role of, 180fig as key stakeholders, 178 re-emerging post-World War II, 6–7 society demanding that a social purpose be served by, 215–216 Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics to measure goals of, 193, 214–215, 249, 250–251 See also specific company; Stakeholder companies Competition EU's anti-competition ruling against Microsoft, 139–140, 141 Milton Friedman doctrine on, 209 Thiel's editorial on problem of, 208–209 See also Monopolies “Competition is for Losers” Wall Street Journal editorial (Thiel), 208–209 Connective technologies description and importance of, 177 government focus on improving digital connectivity, 225, 227–228, 232 Consumer International, 238 Consumer rights groups, 239–240 Cook, Tim, 211–212 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) Mærsk projects in, 206 Milton Friedman's rejection (1970s) of, 14 Costa Rica, 188 Côte d'Ivoire, 70 COVID-19 pandemic “all of society” approach to the, 224 changing travel habits during the, 164 China's total debt–to–GDP ratio impacted by, 62 economies of ASEAN nations and, 66, 67fig female government leadership found to do better during, 224 global economic impact of, 108 globalization allowing rapid spread of, 107 impact on interest rates by, 31 India's economic growth impacted by, 66, 67, 68–69 inequalities revealed by the, 3–4, 43, 73, 227 as litmus test, 250 New Zealand's successful response to, 219–224, 236 protests over governmental responses to, 87 public debt increase during, 19, 29–30 as reminder of interconnectedness of people, 177 response in Sweden to the, 220 SARS–CoV–2 vaccines developed to combat the, 248 Singapore response to the, 232–233 social disruption due to, 247, 248 South Africa's economic impact due to, 70 Spain and Italy as worst hit economies by, 68 stakeholders working for well-being of people during, 248 US society ill-prepared for the, 186 well-managed response in Germany to, 79 Coyle, Diane, 25, 191, 234 Crabtree, James, 40, 125 Crazy Rich Asians (film), 228 CRRC (China), 142 Cryptocurrencies, 161 Cuban Missile Crisis, 76 Czech Republic, 41 D Dale, Spencer, 49 Dansk Metal (Denmark), 115, 117 Darvas, Zsolt, 36, 37, 112, 113 “Data as a property right” initiative, 239 Data Dividend Project, 239 Davos Manifesto (1973), 13–14, 88, 213 Davos Manifesto (2020), 191–192, 213 Davos meetings. See World Economic Forum Annual Meetings Davos (Switzerland), 11 Deaton, Angus, 42 Debt China's increased total debt–to–GDP ratio, 62 high-quality vs. low-quality, 29 increasing rates of, 28–31 low inflation rates and impact on, 33 Decision making Davos Manifesto (1973) on stakeholder-centered, 13–14, 88, 213 history of stakeholder concept on, 174–175 need for checks and balances in, 185, 193–198 reaching environment, social, and governance (ESG) objectives, 185, 193 separating consultative process from, 198 stakeholder model on, 13, 173, 175–198 subsidiarity principle of, 181–183 “Decoupling” of wages, 34 Deloitte (US), 215, 250 Democracy Economist Intelligence Unit's Singapore ranking (2019), 233 global drop in voter turnout for elections, 188 respecting local customs and traditions, 195–196 stakeholder model applied to, 185, 193–198 See also Political divisions Demographic changes, 160–161 Deng Xiaoping, 56, 57 Denmark “Active Labour Market Policies” of, 120–121 A.P.

Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making by David Rothkopf

"World Economic Forum" Davos, airport security, Alan Greenspan, anti-communist, asset allocation, Ayatollah Khomeini, bank run, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, Bob Geldof, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business cycle, carried interest, clean water, compensation consultant, corporate governance, creative destruction, crony capitalism, David Brooks, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, fake news, financial innovation, fixed income, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Gini coefficient, global village, high net worth, income inequality, industrial cluster, informal economy, Internet Archive, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Elkington, joint-stock company, knowledge economy, Larry Ellison, liberal capitalism, Live Aid, Long Term Capital Management, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Michael Milken, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Nelson Mandela, old-boy network, open borders, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, price mechanism, proprietary trading, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, Skype, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trade liberalization, trickle-down economics, upwardly mobile, vertical integration, Vilfredo Pareto, Washington Consensus, William Langewiesche

., “Carlyle Changes Its Stripes,” made the cover of BusinessWeek, February 12, 2007. 263 in 1990 Carlyle started buying up defense-related assets Doward, “Ex-Presidents’ Club.” 263 took the company public Mark Fineman, “Arms Buildup Is a Boon to Firm Run by Big Guns,” Los Angeles Times, January 10, 2002. 263 Its $73 million purchase Terence O’Hara, “Carlyle Shows It’s Still Tops in Defense,” Washington Post, February 13, 2006. 263 He purportedly made a phone call Warner, “Down the Rabbit Hole.” 263 “The problem comes when” Oliver Burkeman and Julian Borger, “The Ex-Presidents’ Club,” Guardian, October 13, 2001. 263 One of Carlyle’s cofounders told The Nation Tim Shorrock, “Crony Capitalism Goes Global,” Nation, April 1, 2002. 263 “Since 9/11, USIS’s acquisition” Briody, Iron Triangle, 152. 264 Shafig bin Laden, one of Osama’s numerous brothers Warner, “Down the Rabbit Hole.” 264 As one top-level Carlyle employee Ibid. 266 One antiglobalist website, NewsWithViews Available at www.newswithviews.com. 266 “Business leaders go to Davos” Available at www.foe.co.uk. 266 “Davos is … the most visible symbol” Jeff Faux, “The Party of Davos,” Nation, February 13, 2006. 266 now generating more than $85 million a year World Economic Forum, “Annual Report 2005/06,” www.weforum.org. 267 The facts about the meeting are well known “About Us,” WEF website, www.weforum.org. 267 As Henri Schwamm, former vice president Jean-Christophe Graz, “How Powerful Are Transnational Elite Clubs? The Social Myth of the World Economic Forum,” New Political Economy 8, no. 3 (November 2003): 330. 267 As David E.

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Barnum of our time, and he has created in Davos the world’s greatest Ponzi scheme.” Philippe Bourguignon, a former co-CEO of the World Economic Forum, offered a more balanced view. “Davos played this role in at least developing awareness among leaders, governments, and businesspeople. Like HIV/AIDS or global warming. But I think today it has also become in some ways a big missed opportunity. It still clearly has a role, but this role could have a much greater impact. I wouldn’t say it is bad, it has just missed a step. People like [former French president Jacques] Chirac look at Davos and they see a club of rich, global leaders whose only motivation is economics, business, and not human things.

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Over the three and a half decades of its existence, this mountaintop gathering clearly had done more than merely transform Davos from sleepy ski town to cosmopolitan hub. More than a meeting place for international business, government, media, and cultural leaders, it now was a symbol for the knitting together of the world, literally and figuratively a summit of summits. The concept of what the political scientist Samuel Huntington called “Davos man”—the global citizen, the leader for whom borders were increasingly irrelevant—described a new leadership class for our era. When founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab, the organization that would become known as the World Economic Forum had a narrower mission.

SUPERHUBS: How the Financial Elite and Their Networks Rule Our World by Sandra Navidi

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Alan Greenspan, Anthropocene, assortative mating, bank run, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Bernie Sanders, Black Swan, Blythe Masters, Bretton Woods, butterfly effect, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, commoditize, conceptual framework, corporate governance, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crony capitalism, digital divide, diversification, Dunbar number, East Village, eat what you kill, Elon Musk, eurozone crisis, fake it until you make it, family office, financial engineering, financial repression, Gini coefficient, glass ceiling, Glass-Steagall Act, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Google bus, Gordon Gekko, haute cuisine, high net worth, hindsight bias, income inequality, index fund, intangible asset, Jaron Lanier, Jim Simons, John Meriwether, junk bonds, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kevin Roose, knowledge economy, London Whale, Long Term Capital Management, longitudinal study, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, McMansion, mittelstand, Money creation, money market fund, Myron Scholes, NetJets, Network effects, no-fly zone, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, Parag Khanna, Paul Samuelson, peer-to-peer, performance metric, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, power law, public intellectual, quantitative easing, Renaissance Technologies, rent-seeking, reserve currency, risk tolerance, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, rolodex, Satyajit Das, search costs, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, social intelligence, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, subprime mortgage crisis, systems thinking, tech billionaire, The Future of Employment, The Predators' Ball, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, too big to fail, Tyler Cowen, women in the workforce, young professional

Tracy Alloway and Tom Braithwaite, “M Stanley Chief Warns on Wall St Pay,” Financial Times, October 4, 2012, https://next.ft.com/content/96e3261c-0654-11e2-bd29-00144feabdc0. CHAPTER 6 1. World Economic Forum, “History,” http://www.weforum.org/history. 2. Neil Parmar, “Klaus Schwab: Inside the World Economic Forum,” Wall Street Jour nal, September 4, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/klaus-schwab-inside-the-world-economic-forum-1409843416. 3. Derek Thompson, “How Your Face Shapes Your Economic Chances,” The Atlantic, August 1, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/08/the-economics-of-your-face/375450. 4. Gillian Tett, “Klaus Schwab Opens Door for His Davos Successor,” Financial Times, May 19, 2015, https://next.ft.com/content/0fcb6966-fdfd-11e4-9f10-00144feabdc0. 5.

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Bernstein, 150 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 24, 159, 177–178 Saudi Arabia, 205 Savarona, 120 Savings banks, 37 Scaramucci, Anthony, 23, 53 Scarsdale Equities, 109 Schatzalp Hotel, 115 Schmidt, Eric, 40, 114 Scholes, Myron, 208 Schumer, Chuck, 27 Schwab, Klaus background on, 93–96 Christine Lagarde and, 158 common good and, 225 at Davos, 116 digital technology and, 99 education of, 96 network power of, 95, 101 stakeholder principle of, 63 World Economic Forum and, 25, 93–96, 101. See also World Economic Forum Schwarzman, Steve background on, 59–62 Blackstone Group, xxvii, 27, 30, 53, 60–61, 79, 88, 109, 204 at charity events, 129 earnings by, 88 education of, 61 general references to, xxvii, 4, 9, 76, 109, 192 at Milken Institute conference, 192 net worth of, 88, 123 partnerships by, 79 philanthropy by, 82 power lunches by, 124 residences of, 89–92 in think tanks, 106 Schwarzman Scholars program, 103 Scotland, 212 Scowcroft, Brent, 45 Seagram Building, 124–125 SEC.

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CHAPTER 1 The Financial Universe An Innately Human System THE STRATOSPHERE OF POWER: DAVOS It was a gray January day in New York. The frenzied holiday season had passed, the tourists departed, and the traffic deadlock dissolved. The city’s famed energy seemed frozen and its residents hibernating. I, however, was engaged in a flutter of activity, preparing for my most important trip of the year—to the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, Switzerland. The exclusivity of the event and its high-profile attendees have shrouded “Davos,” as it has become known, in legend. Set in a small ski resort in the Swiss Alps, the Annual Meeting attracts 2,500 global leaders, including heads of state, billionaire investors, managers of trillion-dollar funds, multinational CEOs, and elite academics.

The Key Man: The True Story of How the Global Elite Was Duped by a Capitalist Fairy Tale by Simon Clark, Will Louch

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, British Empire, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, dark triade / dark tetrad, do well by doing good, Donald Trump, fake news, forensic accounting, high net worth, impact investing, income inequality, Jeffrey Epstein, Kickstarter, load shedding, low cost airline, Mahatma Gandhi, megacity, Menlo Park, Michael Milken, Mohammed Bouazizi, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, planetary scale, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, profit maximization, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, SoftBank, sovereign wealth fund, Suez crisis 1956, TED Talk, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, trade route, Virgin Galactic, WikiLeaks, young professional

Then, inside hotel suites rented out for thousands of dollars, they bargained with politicians and struck secretive deals that generated profits for them and consequences that would shape the future of humanity. Arif was in his element. He made it a point to be a regular Davos attendee, paying millions of dollars to put himself and Abraaj front and center. He hired a World Economic Forum executive, a Frenchman called Fred Sicre, to ensure he got maximum exposure for his money. A symbiotic relationship was at play. Arif got access to the Davos network, and Davos got access to his network. Davos offered Arif credibility and new sources of money, and Arif offered Davos attendees insights into developing countries they knew little about but which contained billions of potential new customers.

…

If planned correctly, the fund could seal Abraaj’s status as a leader of the impact-investing movement and earn vast amounts of money through fees and a share of profits. Arif took his plans for the new healthcare fund to the World Economic Forum in Davos in January 2013. Two of the most important people in the global medical industry were also in Davos for the conference: Frans Van Houten, the chief executive of Royal Philips Electronics, and Omar Ishrak, the chief executive of Medtronic, led two of the world’s largest healthcare companies, with a combined value of almost $100 billion. In May 2013, Arif talked to the Philips CEO about his plan at a World Economic Forum meeting to discuss Africa in Cape Town. The opportunity for Philips and Medtronic was obvious.

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An employee who organized alcohol-fueled, million-dollar Abraaj parties that sometimes went on for days liked to joke that Arif paid for them by shaking the Abraaj money tree. “You would have to think that he had more money than God,” said another employee. * * * The World Economic Forum’s main meeting took place in January each year in the Swiss Alpine ski resort of Davos. The gathering was the nerve center of the global elite, where billionaires and politicians from East and West met. Davos was the central incubator for the surging globalization zeitgeist—a place of high-minded public rhetoric and behind-the-scenes dealmaking. Duplicity was baked into the very fabric of the forum.

The New Nomads: How the Migration Revolution Is Making the World a Better Place by Felix Marquardt

"World Economic Forum" Davos, agricultural Revolution, Anthropocene, Black Lives Matter, Black Swan, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, British Empire, carbon footprint, carbon tax, coronavirus, COVID-19, dark matter, digital nomad, Donald Trump, George Floyd, ghettoisation, glass ceiling, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Joi Ito, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, Les Trente Glorieuses, out of africa, phenotype, place-making, Ponzi scheme, pre–internet, QAnon, Ray Kurzweil, remote working, Richard Feynman, road to serfdom, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, social distancing, sustainable-tourism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, Yogi Berra, young professional

movement 123–7, 130, 146–7 education system/Grandes Écoles 48–9, 54, 118, 126 emigration of young people from 48–54, 55, 69, 116–20, 123–7, 130, 145–7 FM childhood in 37–42, 43 FM family first move to 37–8 gerontocratic tradition in 50, 123, 128 Gilets Jaunes movement 48–9 hip-hop in 28, 45–6, 50, 55, 113, 124, 139, 162, 233 Islamist terror attacks in 23–6 Les Trente Glorieuses (three decades of sustained growth) 124–5 London, emigration to from 54–5, 59 racism and 52 ‘republican equality of chances’ (les valeurs de la République) 20, 211 Syrian refugees in 169–75 youth unemployment/lack of opportunity within 48–54, 55, 69, 116–20, 123–7, 130, 145–7 see also individual place name French Islamic Foundation 24 Friedman, Sam 211 Fuerteventura 149 Fulbright scholarship 34–5, 136 Gates, Bill 28 Générations 88.2 (French independent radio station) 48–54 Georgia (nation) 73, 175–8 Georgia (state), US 82–3 Germany 1, 2, 17, 32–4, 37, 38, 42, 43, 47, 72, 73, 79, 100, 101, 126, 132, 138 gerontocracy (government by entitled elders) 50, 124, 127 Ghana 96, 134–5 Gilets Jaunes 48–9 globalisation 11, 51–2, 90 globalism 30, 54 Goodhart, David 40–1 Grand Tour 57, 59 Grandes Écoles 48–9, 54, 118, 126 Great March for Climate Action 218–19 Greece 18, 35, 36, 37, 43, 45, 47, 55, 57, 78, 135 Group, the (religious cult) 64 Hedges, Chris 32 Heimat (mix of home, culture, vernacular, community) 17 Hibbard, Cooper 1–2, 4, 238 Hindriks, Karoli 191 Hine, Dougald 20 hip-hop 28, 45–6, 50, 55, 113, 124, 139, 162, 233 Holiday Swap app 195 Hollande, François 126 Homo erectus 9 homosexuality 102–7 Hughes, Solomon 114–15 Hult 137 hunter-gatherers 9–10, 18, 187 Huntington, Samuel P. 195–6 Hutchinson, Robert 84–5 iEconcalc 78 Ikola, Rabbi 220 Illich, Ivan 232 immigration economic 122–47 see also economic migration education and 48–69 see also education, immigration and emigration 93–121 see also emigration entrepreneurs and 70–92 see also entrepreneurs, migration and Felix Marquardt, transformative power in life of 23–47 see also Marquardt, Felix labelling of 169–200 see also labelling, migration and nomadism and see nomadism ‘out of Africa’ migration of early humans 9, 18, 69 pushback against 201–23 see also liberals refugees and 148–68 see also refugees World Economic Forum, Davos and see World Economic Forum, Davos India 14–15, 76, 80, 83, 111, 118, 130, 155, 156 Citizenship Bill (2016) 140 entrepreneurs returning to 139–45 Youthonomics Global Index (YGI) and 139–40, 145 inequality 16, 20, 31, 49, 209, 210–11, 216, 228, 241 Ingvarsdóttir, Sigurlína 239 initiatory journey 57 ‘internal’ migrations from village to city ix, 10 International Council on Clean Transportation 217 International Herald Tribune 28, 188 international schools 41 ‘inverted totalitarianism’ 32 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 215 Iraq 10, 123, 179–80 ISIS 23, 25 Islam 4, 8, 15, 23–5, 160, 175 Israel 157–8 Italy 36, 126 Ivory Coast (Côte d’Ivoire) 53, 98, 152, 155 Jackson, Wes 227 Japan 77, 93–9, 128, 135, 136, 156 Jews 2, 15, 27, 31, 70, 79, 100, 157–8 Jobbatical 191–2 Johnson, Boris 100, 146 Jung, Carl 212 Jungle, Calais 9 Kaba, Mbake 153–4 Kansas Wesleyan University 206 Kati, Mali 2, 5, 6 Kawaakibi1 Foundation 24–6 Kazakh government 177 Kierkegaard, Søren 212 King, Steve 199 Kobalia, Anastasia 177–8 Kobalia, Vera 175–9, 182 Koum, Jan 71 Kundera, Milan 45 Kurzweil, Ray 181 labelling, migration and 168, 169–82 Amr Maskoun/labelling of refugees 169–73 immigration and emigration, distinction between 174–5 ‘migrant’ and ‘refugee’, conflation of terms 174–5 Mustafa Al Sarajj/labelling of refugees 179–82 refugee, usefulness of term 174 Vera Kobalia/labelling of refugees 175–9 La Croix-Valmer, France 42 Larsson, Sven 179, 180, 181 Latour, Bruno: Où atterrir?

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movement and 48–54, 69, 123–7, 130, 145–6 Black Elephant and 232–9, 241 communities/networks, importance of to 161–2 education 29–30, 43–4, 45, 56–7 family background 26, 32–8, 41, 42, 43, 47 Greek roots 35, 36, 37, 43, 47 ‘hyper-nomad’ past 188–9 Islam, conversion to 24, 25 Kawaakibi Foundation and 24–6 marriage 24, 27, 63 Parisian childhood 38–43 Paris terror attacks and 23–6 Sweden, emigration to 25–7 transformative power of migration in life of 23–47 United States and 26, 34–8, 41–4, 47 WEF/Davos and see World Economic Forum Youthonomics Global Index (YGI) and see Youthonomics Global Index (YGI) Zagreb, Croatia, travels to during war in Yugoslavia (1993) 44–5 Marquardt, Horst (FM’s grandfather) 33–4, 36 Marquardt, Nikki (FM’s mother) 35–6, 37–8, 39, 47, 116 Marquardt, Sigrid (FM’s grandmother) 33, 34, 47 Maskoun, Amr 169–73 Maskoun, Ghazwa 170, 171 Maskoun, Lama 170–1 Maskoun, Nador 171 Maskoun, Shahm 169–70, 171 Maskoun, Wahid 170–1 Mateschitz, Dietrich 71 Mauritania 148 Ma Voisine (My Neighbour) 239 May, Theresa 146 Meadows, Dennis: The Limits of Growth 237 Mediterranean, migrants crossing 9, 122, 148–50, 152, 160, 238 meritocracy 20, 54, 210–11, 234 Mexico 201–8, 209 mid-sized countries, fast-growing 76 migration economic 122–47 see also economic migration education and 48–69 see also education, immigration and emigration and 93–121 see also emigration entrepreneurs and 70–92 see also entrepreneurs, migration and Felix Marquardt, transformative power in life of 23–47 see also Marquardt, Felix internal ix, 10 labelling of 169–200 see also labelling, migration and multilateral phenomenon 72–92 nomadism and see nomadism ‘out of Africa’ migration of early humans 9, 18, 69 pushback against 201–23 see also liberals refugees and 148–68 see also refugees South-South 74, 85–90 World Economic Forum, Davos and see World Economic Forum, Davos ‘migrant’ term 9, 174–5 Millicom 83–4 Mirian (Spanish migrant in London) 128, 129 Mitterrand, François 188 mobility injustice 53 Mokless 124 Monbiot, George 195 Montaigne 57 Montana, US 1–4, 7–8, 13, 14, 22, 34, 166, 229, 232, 238 Morrison, Toni: Beloved 169 Mozambique 97 multilateral phenomenon, migration as 72–92 Muslims 4, 23–5, 27, 51, 52, 102, 105, 134, 137, 139, 140, 153, 185, 209, 234 Myanmar 89 Nando’s 80–1 nationalism 8–9, 16, 27, 30, 140, 239 nation, definition of 21 Naveed (entrepreneur) 75–82, 92 Nayyar (entrepreneur) 142, 143 New Nomad Visa 233 New York, US 27, 34, 35, 35–7, 38, 43, 61–2, 75, 76, 116, 122, 137, 186, 191, 196, 220 New York Times 115, 126 nomadism changing perceptions of 31 digital nomad see digital nomad networks and 153 ‘nomad’, etymology/usage of 18, 31–2, 187, 226, 227 pre-agricultural 9–10, 18, 187 reclamation of term/giving equal weight to mobility and location 226, 228–9, 232 Northfield Mount Hermon (NMH), US 44 Norway 59, 128, 130, 145 Nussimbaum, Lev 27 Obama, Barack 30, 113, 123, 210, 213–14 online communities/virtual friendships 164–8 Ortega, Anamari Garcia ‘Annie’ 201–4, 205–8, 210, 218, 223, 229 Othering African American emigration and 111 Brexit and 15–16 defined 15–16 hallmark of sedentary civilisation 16 humour and 173 labelling and 111, 168 leaving behind 21, 228 liberals and 209–10 refugees and 168 Pablo (Barcelona) 154, 156 Palau 65–6 Paris, France African American immigrants in 111–14 banlieue 51, 55, 115 digital nomads in 188, 190–1, 194, 196 emigration from 116–21 FM’s family and 34, 37–42, 111–17 ISIS terror attacks (7 January 2015) 23–6 youth opportunity/unemployment in 48–54, 55, 69, 123–7, 130, 145–6 ‘Patriot’ movement, US 64 Pauly, Daniel 86 People’s Pilgrimage (climate march) 218–21 Phoenicians 57 pioneering spirit 51, 54, 93, 229 piroguistes (youngsters who risk their lives on rafts while trying to enter Europe) 148–9 Pizza Pie 76 Poe, Edgar Allan: Marginalia 23 populism 8–9, 16, 30, 31, 90, 158–9, 210, 218, 230 post-traumatic growth 19, 167 progressive myth 19–20 Rabelais 57 Rachid (Ch’klah) (rapper) 50–2, 55, 59, 68 racism 60, 227 Africa and 115 China and 131 emigration and 111–15 France and 52 Japan and 95 Othering and 15 suffering of both racist and victim of 21, 115 US and 7, 8, 44, 83, 111–15, 202, 207, 208, 209, 210 refugees 9, 19, 62, 70, 102, 147, 148–64, 167–8, 169–75, 207, 231, 236 African refugees in Europe 9, 122, 148–57, 158, 161, 167, 229, 236 criminals profiting from 160 early humans and 147 health concerns over 161 Israel and 157–8 labelling/oversimplification of 169–82 ‘migrant’ term and 9, 19 Mediterranean, crossing of in boats/rafts 9, 122, 148–50, 152, 160, 238 motivations behind a refugee’s movement compared to other migrants 158 networks/community, reliance on and creation of 150–7, 161–8 online communities/virtual friendships and 164–8 ‘Othering’ and 168 social media and 163–4 Spain and 148–57, 158, 161, 167, 229, 236 as ‘successful’ migrant 19 Syrian 169–75, 179–82 terrorists among, fear/risk of 160 uneasiness people feel about 159–61 United States and 156, 157, 158 René (Paraguay) 89 ‘republican equality of chances’ (les valeurs de la République) 20, 211 Ribbenvik, Mikael 174 Rice, Condoleezza 28 Rivas, Franco 205–6 Rocket Internet 79 Romain (Parisian entrepreneur) 55, 59 Russia 27, 32, 33, 70, 80, 102, 164, 175–6 Saakashvili, Mikheil 176, 177 SAE Asia 138 Said, Edward 39 Said, Kurban 27 Salina, Kansas 201–3 Sall, Macky 134 Sanbar, Jamie 102–7, 115–16, 118, 119 Saño, Yeb 218 Sarmiento, Gonzalo Sanchez 190–4, 197, 199 Saudi Arabia 24 Sciences Po, Paris 54, 118 Seattle Freeze 26–7 Second World War (1939–45) 32, 36, 42–3, 100, 125, 157 sedentarism 11, 13, 16, 40, 222, 226, 227, 228 Seely, Jeff 3, 4, 7–8, 14, 21, 234 Senegal 83, 98–9, 132–5, 145, 148–9, 152, 155, 162 7-Eleven 179–81 Shake Shack 81 Shakespeare, William: Romeo and Juliet 93 Shanghai, China 73, 132, 136, 137 shifting baselines 86 Shinagawa, Natsuno 93–9, 100, 102, 107, 115, 119, 122, 229, 236 Shoprite 88 Sieben, Henry 1, 2 Sieben Live Stock Company/Ranch Sieben, Montana, US 1–5, 21–2, 34, 233–4 Sierra Leone 63, 67–8 Silicon Valley, US 177, 187, 211 Singapore 94, 107, 108–9, 110, 178, 191, 240 Singularity University 191 sixth species’ extinction 216 slavery 44, 114 Slovenia 116, 118 Smale, Alison 53 social media 68, 163–4, 172, 189, 192, 196 Södermalm, Stockholm 181, 208 South Africa 24, 86–8, 156 southern Europe, youth emigration from 128–30 South-South migration 74, 85–90 Spain 126 African migrants in 148–56, 161, 229 youth emigration from 128–30 Spencer, Thomas 71 Spur Steak Ranch, South Africa 87–8, 89 Stafstrom, Isaac 2, 3 Stanford University 2, 7, 233, 234 Stockholm, Sweden 26–7, 179–82, 191, 208, 212–15 Sweden 26–7, 82–3, 85, 179–82, 191, 208, 212–15 Syria 9, 10, 169–73, 176, 179 Taleb, Nassim: Black Swan 236 Tanzania 76–7, 79–80, 81, 82, 83–5, 88, 97, 114 Teshuva (הבושת) (repentance or salvation) 17 Tetlow, Daniel 101 Thunberg, Greta 214, 221 Thunder Competition 154 The Times 125 Tola 239 Tomlinson, Sally 100 Tompkins, Berenice 218–21, 223, 229 Total 28 ‘totalitarian corporatism’ 32 Tounkara, Fatou 155 Tounkara, Lamine 148–57, 158, 161, 167, 229, 236 Tounkara, Salim 154–5 transfer of wealth, parent-child 127 Trump, Donald climate change and 217 immigration policies of administration 201–10 supporters of, liberal attitudes towards 1–8, 12, 13–14, 16, 21–2, 28, 30, 47, 59, 68, 99, 113, 119, 133, 166, 201–23, 224, 232–4, 235, 238, 241 Tunisia 24, 27, 63 Ukraine 76, 80, 176 unemployment, youth France 48–54, 123–7 Spain 128–30 Youthonomics Global Index (YGI) and 127–30 United Arab Emirates 75, 76–7, 81, 171 United States: African American emigration from 44, 111–15 African immigrants in (‘Abdi’) 1–8, 12, 13–14, 21–2, 47, 59, 68, 133, 218, 224, 232–4, 235, 238, 241 American Civil War (1861–5) 1 American Dream 20, 35, 72, 73, 81, 196, 211, 234 American Exceptionalism 28, 35 Central American immigrants and 9, 10 children separated from their parents at Mexican border 201–2 climate change and 218–21 county supremacy doctrine 64 dual citizenship and Covid-19 in 185–6 employer enterprise birth rate in 144 entrepreneurs, immigrant 71–2, 81–85 FM’s childhood and 42, 43–5 FM’s family and 34–8, 39, 41, 42, 43–5, 47 Mexican border internment camps 168, 201–2, 205–8 Mexican immigrants in 201–8, 209 Obama and see Obama, Barack refugees and 156, 157, 158 Second World War and 32, 34 Swedish immigrants in 2, 47, 82–3 Trump and see Trump, Donald Trump supporters within, liberal dismissal of 1–8, 12, 13–14, 16, 21–2, 28, 30, 47, 59, 68, 99, 113, 119, 133, 166, 201–23, 224, 232–4, 235, 238, 241 Youthonomics Global Index (YGI) and 130, 139–46 University of Cape Coast, Ghana 134 USAID 79 Venezuela 163, 176, 231 Vengetsamy, Ravendra ‘Son’ 85–90 Victor (Spanish migrant in London) 128, 129 Videlles, France 42 Virgil: Aeneid 201 virtual friendship 164–8 vulgarisation (ability to explain very complicated ideas in layman’s terms) 55–6 Waseda University, Tokyo 96–7 Wertheimer, Ashley 1–2 white supremacism 15, 21 Williams, Thomas Chatterton 111–14, 115 Losing My Cool 113–14 ‘The Next Great Migration’ article 115 World Economic Forum, Davos 28, 230 ‘Davos man’ 195–6 as parody of diversity 232–5 shutting down 240–1 (2017) 30–1, 187, 232–4, 235 (2020) 237, 239–40 (2021) (exceptional meeting, Singapore) 240 World of Warcraft (multiplayer game) 165 Wright, Richard: I Choose Exile 113 Yassir (Indian entrepreneur) 140–5 Young, Toby 210 Youthonomics Global Index (YGI) 127–30, 139–40, 145, 146 Yugoslavia, war in (1991–2001) 44–5 Zandi, Emmanuella 239 Zulu restaurant, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay 85–6 Zweig, Stefan 62 First published in Great Britain by Simon & Schuster UK Ltd, 2021 Copyright © Felix Marquardt, 2021 The right of Felix Marquardt to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.

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The first time Abdi and I met in person was not on a Montana ranch but at the World Economic Forum in Davos in January 2017. I was heading the global expansion of a cybersecurity firm (and about to be fired for being a tad too candid on Twitter about what I thought of the newly inaugurated president) and had heard of a Malian student who had risen from a rural background in Africa to studying at one of the world’s top universities. He sounded like the perfect spokesperson for a campaign for a global youth work visa that I had convinced my sceptical CEO of launching. We called it the New Nomad Visa. I have taken many people to Davos over the years, from political dissidents and Nobel laureates to rappers, from famous writers and journalists to CEOs.

The Retreat of Western Liberalism by Edward Luce

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, affirmative action, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, basic income, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Branko Milanovic, bread and circuses, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, business cycle, call centre, carried interest, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, cognitive dissonance, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, computer age, corporate raider, cuban missile crisis, currency manipulation / currency intervention, disinformation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, driverless car, Erik Brynjolfsson, European colonialism, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, gentrification, George Santayana, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global pandemic, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, illegal immigration, imperial preference, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, Internet of things, Jaron Lanier, knowledge economy, lateral thinking, Les Trente Glorieuses, liberal capitalism, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, meritocracy, microaggression, Monroe Doctrine, moral panic, more computing power than Apollo, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Norman Mailer, offshore financial centre, one-China policy, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, precariat, purchasing power parity, reserve currency, reshoring, Richard Florida, Robert Gordon, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Skype, Snapchat, software is eating the world, South China Sea, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, superstar cities, telepresence, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, universal basic income, unpaid internship, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140 characters, white flight, World Values Survey, Yogi Berra

(Simon & Schuster, New York, 2013 (ebook)). 69 Edward Luce, ‘Obama must face the rise of the robots’, Financial Times, 3 February 2013, <https://www.ft.com/content/f6f19228-6bbc-11e2-a17d-00144feab49a>. 70 Lee Drutman and Yascha Mounk, ‘When the Robots Rise’, National Interest, 144 (July–August 2016), <http://nationalinterest.org/feature/when-the-robots-rise-16830>. 71 Espen Barth Eide, ‘2015: the year geopolitics bites back?’, World Economic Forum, 7 November 2014, <https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/11/2015-year-geostrategic-competition/>. 72 Global Risks 2015, World Economic Forum, <https://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2015/part-2-risks-in-focus/2-2-global-risks-arising-from-the-accelerated-interplay-between-geopolitics-and-economics/>. 73 Global Risks 2017, World Economic Forum, <http://reports.weforum.org/global-risks-2017/part-2-social-and-political-challenges/2-1-western-democracy-in-crisis/>. 74 Ibid. 75 Lawrence Summers, ‘America needs to make a new case for trade’, Financial Times, 27 April 2008, <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c35d3d62-14ba-11dd-a741-0000779fd2ac.html?

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Hobson, Imperialism: A Study (James Pott & Company, New York, 1902), p. 333. 3 Jamil Anderlini and Lucy Hornby, ‘China overtakes US as world’s largest goods trader’, Financial Times, 10 January 2014, <https://www.ft.com/content/7c2dbd70-79a6-11e3-b381-00144feabdc0>. 4 Branko Milanovic, Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization (Belknap Press, Cambridge MA, 2016 (ebook)). 5 Danny Quah, ‘The Global Economy’s Shifting Centre of Gravity’, Global Policy, 2:1 (January 2011), <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2010.00066.x/pdf>. 6 Milanovic, Global Inequality. 7 Hobson, Imperialism, p. 339. 8 Milanovic, Global Inequality. 9 Richard Baldwin: The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization (Belknap Press, Cambridge MA, 2016 (ebook)). 10 Hugh White, The China Choice: Why We Should Share Power (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012 (ebook)). 11 The World Economic Forum’s website has a comprehensive database of each forum’s reports and sessions stretching back many years. For 2016, see: <https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016/sessions/the-globl-economic-outlook-1d2286ef-25a9-47cf-bba6-56fc8ef98004>. 12 Chris Giles, ‘China poised to pass US as world’s leading economic power this year’, Financial Times, 30 April 2014, <https://www.ft.com/content/d79ffff8-cfb7-11e3-9b2b-00144feabdc0>. 13 John Williamson, ‘From reform agenda to damaged brand name: A short history of the Washington Consensus and suggestions for what to do next’, Finance and Development, 40:3 (September 2003).

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. —— Every January, the Davos gathering sounds a little more bemused about what is happening in the world outside. In 2016 it worried about the threat of mass disease, just as the Ebola epidemic was receding. In 2015, its annual report dwelt on the return of geopolitics following Russia’s annexation of Crimea the year before.71 In its first report in 2006 it was anxious about epidemics and the risk of terrorism after the Asian flu crisis and the London Underground attacks. And so on. Davos specialises in projecting the future from a recent past that took it by surprise. We are all guilty of this. But Davos has made a brand of its blow-dried conventional wisdom.

Zero-Sum Future: American Power in an Age of Anxiety by Gideon Rachman

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, bank run, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bonfire of the Vanities, borderless world, Bretton Woods, BRICs, capital controls, carbon tax, centre right, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, currency manipulation / currency intervention, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, energy security, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, global reserve currency, Global Witness, Golden arches theory, Great Leap Forward, greed is good, Greenspan put, Hernando de Soto, illegal immigration, income inequality, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, Jeff Bezos, laissez-faire capitalism, Live Aid, low interest rates, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Mikhail Gorbachev, moral hazard, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, Oklahoma City bombing, open borders, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, peak oil, pension reform, plutocrats, popular capitalism, price stability, RAND corporation, reserve currency, rising living standards, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, Sinatra Doctrine, sovereign wealth fund, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Tax Reform Act of 1986, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, The Myth of the Rational Market, Thomas Malthus, Timothy McVeigh, trickle-down economics, Washington Consensus, Winter of Discontent, zero-sum game

Saving the World Notes Bibliographic Essay Acknowledgments Index ZERO-SUM FUTURE PROLOGUE DAVOS, 2009 Every January, political leaders from all over the world gather in a Swiss mountain valley. At the World Economic Forum in Davos, the assembled politicians agree to set aside their differences and to speak a common language. Closeted together in a ski resort, they restate their commitment to a single, global economy. They mingle cheerfully with the same multinational executives and investment bankers. They campaign to attract foreign investment and trade. For five days, the world’s leaders seem to agree on a narrative about how the world works. At Davos, even the most intractable political differences are temporarily smothered by the globalization consensus.

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The pace of change in the rest of the world helped to convince Latin American leaders that the reformists were right. On a trip to Europe in early 1990, just after the fall of the Berlin Wall, President Carlos Salinas de Gortari of Mexico realized that his country needed to change fast if it was to compete for investment with the new markets that were opening up in Eastern Europe. At the World Economic Forum in Davos, he approached Carla Hills, the U.S. trade representative, with the idea of negotiating a free-trade agreement between Mexico and the United States. The resulting North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was implemented in 1994.5 Latin America did not simply passively receive lessons in free-market economics from the rest of the world.

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His formative political experiences came leading metalworkers’ strikes in the years when Brazil was still a military dictatorship. For many years his Workers Party espoused radical leftist policies. But in his victorious 2002 campaign, Lula espoused centrist and pragmatic economic policies. After his election, his first major foreign trip was to the World Economic Forum in Davos. When asked to explain his transformation, Lula typically replied, “I changed, Brazil changed.”17 It was a nicely understated way of encapsulating the transformation of an entire continent. 8 INDIA, 1991 THE SECOND ASIAN GIANT AWAKES By the middle of 1991, India was on the edge of political and economic disaster.

Targeted: The Cambridge Analytica Whistleblower's Inside Story of How Big Data, Trump, and Facebook Broke Democracy and How It Can Happen Again by Brittany Kaiser

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Asian financial crisis, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, Burning Man, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Carl Icahn, centre right, Chelsea Manning, clean water, cognitive dissonance, crony capitalism, dark pattern, data science, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Etonian, fake news, haute couture, illegal immigration, Julian Assange, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, Nelson Mandela, off grid, open borders, public intellectual, Renaissance Technologies, Robert Mercer, rolodex, Russian election interference, sentiment analysis, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Snapchat, statistical model, Steve Bannon, subprime mortgage crisis, TED Talk, the High Line, the scientific method, WeWork, WikiLeaks, you are the product, young professional

And that was when he said he had an idea for an opportunity to make even more connections and possibly drum up additional business for myself that would lead to an actual commission from SCL: together, he and I could go to Davos for the annual conference of the World Economic Forum, slated for late January, only a few weeks away. His merely suggesting that we attend Davos was one of those things that made me realize at a much deeper level that Chester was extremely well connected. I knew he’d attended the conference before, but I had had no idea what that meant. I’d certainly read about “Davos.” Since 1971, the mountain resort town in the Swiss Alps had hosted a world-famous international conference of the World Economic Forum (WEF), a nonprofit organization whose members were the world’s billionaires and executives of the most valuable companies on the planet.

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Notes 1: A LATE LUNCH 1.Ari Berman, “Jim Messina, Obama’s Enforcer,” The Nation, March 30, 2011, http://www.thenation.com/article/159577/jim-messina-obamas-enforcer. 2.David Corn, “Inside Groundswell: Read the Memos of the New Right-Wing Strategy Group Planning a ‘30 Front War,’” Mother Jones, July 25, 2013, https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/07/groundswell-rightwing-group-ginni-thomas/. 3: POWER IN NIGERIA 1.Julien Maton, “Criminal Complaint Against Nigerian General Buhari to Be Filed with the International Criminal Court on Short Notice,” Ilawyerblog, December 15, 2014, http://ilawyerblog.com/criminal-complaint-nigerian-general-buhari-filed-international-criminal-court-short-notice/. 2.John Jones, “Human Rights Key as Nigeria Picks President,” The Hill, February 20, 2015, https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/civil-rights/233168-human-rights-key-as-nigeria-picks-president. 4: DAVOS 1.“Our Mission,” World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/about/world-economic-forum. 2.Jack Ewing, “Keeping a Lid on What Happens in Davos,” New York Times, January 20, 2015, https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2015/01/20/keeping-a-lid-on-what-happens-in-davos/. 3.Ibid. 4.Strategic Communications Laboratories. NID Campaign January-February 2015 Final Completion Portfolio. London: Strategic Communications Laboratories, 2015. 5.Agencies in Abuja, “West Criticises Nigerian Election Delay,” Guardian, February 8, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/08/nigeria-election-delay-west-us-uk. 6.Ibid. 7.Ibid. 8.Nicholas Carlson, “Davos Party Shut Down After Bartenders Blow Through Enough Booze for Two Nights,” Business Insider, January 23, 2015, https://www.businessinsider.com/davos-party-shut-down-by-swiss-cops-2015–1. 6: MEETINGS AND REUNIONS 1.Joseph Bernstein, “Sophie Schmidt Will Launch a New Tech Publication with an International Focus,” BuzzFeed, May 1, 2019, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/josephbernstein/a-google-scion-is-starting-a-new-publication-with-focus-on. 2.https://www.bluestatedigital.com/who-we-are/. 3.https://www.bluelabs.com/about/. 4.https://www.civisanalytics.com/mission/. 5.Rosie Gray, “What Does the Billionaire Family Backing Donald Trump Really Want?”

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Chester had rented an apartment in the middle of the high-security zone, directly across from the Davos Congress Centre, the site of most of the key sessions for the World Economic Forum, and it wasn’t easy getting things in and out of that area. There would be caterers, bartenders, trucks filled with liquor, food, furniture, and other supplies; and the area just around the venue was almost as hard to penetrate as Fort Knox. The temperature the night of the party was frigid, as it often is in January in Davos, but everything was ready. We set up heaters outside on the apartment building’s vast rooftop terrace, where the bar was located and where we’d placed glow-in-the-dark chairs and stools, which gave the place an otherworldly vibe, in keeping with the outer space theme.

Spike: The Virus vs The People - The Inside Story by Jeremy Farrar, Anjana Ahuja

"World Economic Forum" Davos, bioinformatics, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, contact tracing, coronavirus, COVID-19, crowdsourcing, dark matter, data science, DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, double helix, dual-use technology, Future Shock, game design, global pandemic, Kickstarter, lab leak, lockdown, machine translation, nudge unit, open economy, pattern recognition, precautionary principle, side project, social distancing, the scientific method, Tim Cook: Apple, zoonotic diseases

* 20 JANUARY 2020 Known cases: 282. (China: 278; Thailand: 2; South Korea: 1; Japan: 1) 6 deaths in Wuhan. ON 20 JANUARY 2020, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the WHO director general, texted me. He was due in Davos, Switzerland, next day, for the three-day annual gathering of the World Economic Forum but things were moving too quickly for him to leave Geneva. Could I take on some of his commitments, he asked, while I was at Davos? He was anxious for the world’s decision-makers to understand the significance of the new transmissible respiratory virus emerging in China. He had changed his plans because the WHO was due to hold an emergency meeting on 22 and 23 January.

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As the tension was ratcheting up in Geneva, I was co-hosting a lunch in Davos, listening to the head of a global bank telling an audience at the World Economic Forum about his struggle with work-related stress. António Horta-Osório, who ran Lloyds Banking Group until July 2020, revealed how he had sought help from the Priory Clinic, a mental health retreat usually associated with celebrities undergoing rehabilitation for drug and alcohol problems. Most people don’t talk frankly about their personal troubles but that’s the bizarre thing about Davos: here was a top executive discussing his mental breakdown in front of some of the most powerful people in the world.

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The lunch at which António spoke was co-hosted by Wellcome and Lloyds and boasted a starry list of guests, including the British model Lily Cole. It was intended to lay the groundwork for the 2021 World Economic Forum, on the theme of mental health, particularly in the workplace. Instead, rumours of China’s mystery pneumonia were swirling everywhere and everyone wanted to know more. When the CNN anchor Fareed Zakaria interviewed the then chief executive of Hong Kong, Carrie Lam, on stage at Davos, he opened not with the pro-democracy protests in the former British colony but with the new disease. ‘Let me start by asking you something that’s on people’s minds right now,’ Zakaria said smoothly.

Philanthrocapitalism by Matthew Bishop, Michael Green, Bill Clinton

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Bernie Madoff, Big Tech, Bob Geldof, Bonfire of the Vanities, business process, business process outsourcing, Charles Lindbergh, clean tech, clean water, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, Dava Sobel, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, digital divide, do well by doing good, don't be evil, family office, financial innovation, full employment, global pandemic, global village, Global Witness, God and Mammon, Hernando de Soto, high net worth, Ida Tarbell, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, James Dyson, John Elkington, John Harrison: Longitude, joint-stock company, junk bonds, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, Live Aid, lone genius, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, market bubble, mass affluent, Michael Milken, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, new economy, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, PalmPilot, peer-to-peer lending, performance metric, Peter Singer: altruism, plutocrats, profit maximization, profit motive, Richard Feynman, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, scientific management, seminal paper, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, South Sea Bubble, sovereign wealth fund, SpaceShipOne, stem cell, Steve Jobs, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Malthus, Thorstein Veblen, trade liberalization, transaction costs, trickle-down economics, Tyler Cowen, wealth creators, winner-take-all economy, working poor, World Values Survey, X Prize

Since then, the New York–based organization has invested around $25 million in nearly four hundred and fifty social enterprises in thirty countries, including Teach for America, City Year, College Summit, and Mental Disability Rights International. Even more selective is the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurs, endowed by Klaus Schwab, the founder of the World Economic Forum, and his wife, Hilde, in 1998. Once a year, the foundation has brought together one hundred or so of the leading social entrepreneurs from around the world to share insights, train them, and honor their achievements. A handful of the best have been chosen to join with the world’s wealthy elite at the World Economic Forum in Davos, where they can showcase their work and, they hope, secure the financial backing and connections they need to grow. Today, courses in social enterprise are taught at many of the world’s leading business schools, whose students increasingly want to work in jobs with a purpose beyond merely making money.

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(David Rockefeller was behind the creation of another target of conspiracy theorists, the Trilateral Commission—whose purpose is to foster better dialogue between the leaders of Asia, Europe, and America.) Above all, conspiracy theorists are obsessed with the World Economic Forum held in Davos in the Swiss Alps. The annual meeting each January is a favorite target of antiglobalization protesters who think that inside the security ring, Davos Man (as Samuel Huntington christened its attendees) is busy taking all sorts of self-seeking plutocratic decisions. Whether or not as a direct response to these protests, and the creation of the rival World Social Forum, in recent years the agenda at Davos has broadened from economic growth and trade to address the big social challenges facing the world, such as development, poverty, and climate change.

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Both Google guys are active participants in the elite global gatherings where philanthrocapitalists rub shoulders with politicians and other influential folks. These include the World Economic Forum in Davos, the Clinton Global Initiative, and Technology, Entertainment, and Design (TED), a conference at which luminaries such as Bill Clinton and Bono are awarded prizes to help them achieve a “wish to change the world.” At Davos in 2006, where Google made headlines mostly for the superior quality of the wine served at its party, Page gave a talk about space flight, one of his great passions. Indeed, in the main building of the Googleplex hangs a replica of SpaceShipOne, the privately developed spacecraft that won the first prize—of $10 million—ever awarded by the X Prize Foundation.

Tomorrow's Capitalist: My Search for the Soul of Business by Alan Murray

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Boris Johnson, call centre, carbon footprint, commoditize, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate raider, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, decarbonisation, digital divide, disinformation, disruptive innovation, do well by doing good, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Ferguson, Missouri, financial innovation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Frederick Winslow Taylor, future of work, gentrification, George Floyd, global pandemic, Greta Thunberg, gun show loophole, impact investing, income inequality, intangible asset, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, job automation, knowledge worker, lockdown, London Whale, low interest rates, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, means of production, minimum wage unemployment, natural language processing, new economy, old-boy network, price mechanism, profit maximization, remote working, risk-adjusted returns, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, scientific management, shareholder value, side hustle, Silicon Valley, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, The Future of Employment, the payments system, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tim Cook: Apple, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, work culture , working poor, zero-sum game

“We sit in the heart of Silicon Valley, and the reason we are able to attract great talent and retain great talent is because of the values we have and our fearlessness in taking these stands.” This view received widespread validation at the World Economic Forum in Davos in January 2020. It was clear the Business Roundtable statement, released the previous August, had marked an inflection point. We had been talking about these issues at our annual Davos dinners since January 2017, when Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff first stood up and offered, as noted earlier, to be founding sponsor of Fortune’s CEO Initiative. Three years later, the intensity of the conversation had changed.

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They were all on a journey, driven by forces that they faced every day in their positions of enormous responsibility and consequence. And I was fortunate to be a passenger on those journeys. My conversations gave me a prime opportunity to travel along with them. Looking back, I would pinpoint the first sign of this rethinking of corporate capitalism that I heard to a 2008 speech Bill Gates gave at the World Economic Forum at Davos—his last year as Microsoft CEO. The financial crisis and the Great Recession that followed had sown new doubts about free market economics. And the ramifications of that recession were being felt far and wide. Countless books have been written about that colossal market failure, and there is no need for me to revisit it in detail here.

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Everyone agreed that any stakeholder effort needed strong metrics, something Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan has been involved in developing. Moynihan is chairman of the International Business Council (IBC), which is a community of over 120 global CEOs. The IBC has been working to establish a set of common metrics that the business community can use. At the January 2020 Davos meeting of the World Economic Forum, the IBC issued a preliminary report setting the terms for the discussion, and then followed it up in January 2021 with a final report. The report identifies a set of Stakeholder Capitalism Metrics across four pillars considered the most critical for business, society, and the planet: governance, planet, people, and prosperity.3 To summarize: PILLAR 1: PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNANCE.

Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else by Chrystia Freeland

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic trading, assortative mating, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Basel III, battle of ideas, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Boris Johnson, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, BRICs, Bullingdon Club, business climate, call centre, carried interest, Cass Sunstein, Clayton Christensen, collapse of Lehman Brothers, commoditize, conceptual framework, corporate governance, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, crony capitalism, Deng Xiaoping, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, double helix, energy security, estate planning, experimental subject, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Flash crash, Ford Model T, Frank Gehry, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global village, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Gordon Gekko, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute couture, high net worth, income inequality, invention of the steam engine, job automation, John Markoff, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, liberation theology, light touch regulation, linear programming, London Whale, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, Max Levchin, Mikhail Gorbachev, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, NetJets, new economy, Occupy movement, open economy, Peter Thiel, place-making, plutocrats, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, postindustrial economy, Potemkin village, profit motive, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, Rod Stewart played at Stephen Schwarzman birthday party, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, seminal paper, Sheryl Sandberg, short selling, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Simon Kuznets, sovereign wealth fund, starchitect, stem cell, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, the long tail, the new new thing, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tony Hsieh, too big to fail, trade route, trickle-down economics, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, wage slave, Washington Consensus, winner-take-all economy, zero-sum game

The real community life of the twenty-first-century plutocracy occurs on the international conference circuit. “We don’t have castles and noble titles, so how else do you indicate you’re part of the elite?” Andrew Zolli of PopTech, an ideas forum and social innovation network, told New York magazine. The best known of these events is the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, invitation to which marks an aspiring plutocrat’s arrival on the international scene—and where, in lieu of noble titles, an elaborate hierarchy of conference badges has such significance that one first-time participant remarked that the staring at his chest made him realize for the first time what it must be like to have cleavage.

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Gates and his co-donor Warren Buffett—not accidentally two of the world’s most visible and most admired billionaires—have made it de rigueur not only to give away a lot of your money but to be actively engaged in how it is spent. Gates has become an evangelist for this idea that capitalism must do good, and do-gooders must become more capitalist. He even has a name for it, “creative capitalism,” a term he unveiled in a speech at Davos—where else?—at the 2008 meeting of the World Economic Forum. Marx famously observed that early generations of philosophers had sought to describe the world; he wanted to change it. Gates and his plutocratic peers are having a similarly dramatic impact on the world of charity. They don’t want to fund the social sector, they want to transform it.

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“India’s gilded age is going to be a combination of America’s first gilded age and the second gilded age,” Ashutosh Varshney, a professor of political science at Brown University who was born in India and now spends half his time in Bangalore, where his wife and son live full-time, told me at a meeting of the World Economic Forum in Mumbai in November 2011. “India is going through this phenomenon in the twenty-first century. . . . The pace at which information traveled in the nineteenth century was very different. Today eight hundred million Indians are connected through mobile phones.” The two gilded ages can also get in each other’s way.

Woke, Inc: Inside Corporate America's Social Justice Scam by Vivek Ramaswamy

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, affirmative action, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-bias training, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, carbon footprint, clean tech, cloud computing, contact tracing, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, COVID-19, critical race theory, crony capitalism, cryptocurrency, defund the police, deplatforming, desegregation, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, en.wikipedia.org, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, fudge factor, full employment, George Floyd, glass ceiling, global pandemic, green new deal, hiring and firing, Hyperloop, impact investing, independent contractor, index fund, Jeff Bezos, lockdown, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, microaggression, military-industrial complex, Network effects, Parler "social media", plant based meat, Ponzi scheme, profit maximization, random walk, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk-adjusted returns, Robert Bork, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, self-driving car, shareholder value, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, single source of truth, Snapchat, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, source of truth, sovereign wealth fund, Susan Wojcicki, the scientific method, Tim Cook: Apple, too big to fail, trade route, transcontinental railway, traveling salesman, trickle-down economics, Vanguard fund, Virgin Galactic, WeWork, zero-sum game

The occasion for the trip was the first-ever Future Investment Initiative global conference—one that was quickly dubbed “Davos in the Desert.” The conference shared a lot in common with the World Economic Forum in Davos and the annual Milken Institute Global Conference in Los Angeles. The same billionaire class was in attendance. They use the same private jets to travel to all three. They drank wine in Davos, whiskey in Los Angeles, and sparkling grape juice in Riyadh. In Davos they talk about the promise of ESG, in Los Angeles they talk about the American dream, in Riyadh they talk about spreading technology in the Middle East.i But in all three places, the goal was to set an agenda that entrepreneurs and CEOs were expected to follow—especially young CEOs like me who were dependent on investments from people like them.

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“A Friedman Doctrine—The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.” The New York Times, 13 Sept. 1970, www.nytimes.com/1970/09/13/archives/a-friedman-doctrine-the-social-responsibility-of-business-is-to.html. 2. Schwab, Klaus. “Davos Manifesto 1973: A Code of Ethics for Business Leaders.” World Economic Forum, 1973, www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/12/davos-manifesto-1973-a-code-of-ethics-for-business-leaders/. 3. Schwab, Klaus, and Peter Vanham. Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy That Works for Progress, People and Planet, 185–186. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021. 4. OccupyRichmond2011.

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“Wrong,” he said. “He who has the gold makes the rules.” I called it “the Goldman Rule.” I learned something valuable that summer after all. NEARLY A DECADE and a half after I learned that whoever has the gold makes the rules, the Goldman Rule had only grown in importance. In January 2020, at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon declared that Goldman would refuse to take companies public unless they had at least one “diverse” member on their board. Goldman didn’t specify who counted as “diverse,” other than to say that it had a “focus on women.” The bank just said that “this decision is rooted first and foremost in our conviction that companies with diverse leadership perform better” and that board diversity “reduces the risk of groupthink.”

Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man's Fight for Justice by Bill Browder

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Berlin Wall, British Empire, corporate governance, El Camino Real, Gordon Gekko, half of the world's population has never made a phone call, index card, off-the-grid, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, transfer pricing, union organizing

Although he was roughly my age, I felt like an amateur around him whenever he turned on his finely tuned political skills. “Hey, Bill,” Marc said as soon as I picked up the phone. “I’m going to go to Davos—you want to come with me?” Marc was referring to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, an annual event that was attended by CEOs, billionaires, and heads of state. It was the ultimate A-list party of the business world, and the terms of admission—running a country or a globally important corporation, along with a $50,000 registration fee—were intended to make sure that rabble such as Marc and I could not just “go to Davos.” “I’d love to, Marc, but I haven’t been invited,” I said, pointing out the obvious.

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The plan was to have this prospectus ready in time for the World Economic Forum in Davos at the end of January 2007. There is no better place in the world to raise capital than Davos. My fortunes had changed since my first foray there in 1996. I no longer had to sleep on the floor or linger in hotel lobbies hoping to meet important people. Since 2000 I had been a proper member of the forum and had been going every year since. This time, I decided to bring Elena with me. She was in the first trimester of her second pregnancy, and I thought the interesting lectures and receptions of Davos would be a welcome break from looking after our one-year-old at home.

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What does a man like Putin do when he is humiliated? As we’d seen so many times before, he lashes out against the person who humiliated him. Ominously, that person was me. * * * 1 The lower house of the Russian Parliament. 41 Red Notice At the end of January 2013 I found myself back in Davos at the World Economic Forum. On my second day there, as I was trudging through the snow outside the conference center, I heard a chirpy female voice call out, “Bill! Bill!” I turned and saw a short woman with a big furry hat walking briskly toward me. As she got closer, I recognized her. It was Chrystia Freeland, the reporter who’d broken the Sidanco story so many years ago in Moscow.

No Is Not Enough: Resisting Trump’s Shock Politics and Winning the World We Need by Naomi Klein

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, "World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, antiwork, basic income, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, Brewster Kahle, carbon tax, Carl Icahn, Celebration, Florida, clean water, collective bargaining, Corrections Corporation of America, data science, desegregation, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, end-to-end encryption, energy transition, extractivism, fake news, financial deregulation, gentrification, Global Witness, greed is good, green transition, high net worth, high-speed rail, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, impact investing, income inequality, Internet Archive, Kickstarter, late capitalism, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, market fundamentalism, mass incarceration, megaproject, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Nate Silver, new economy, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, open borders, Paris climate accords, Patri Friedman, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, private military company, profit motive, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, Ronald Reagan, Saturday Night Live, sexual politics, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Steve Bannon, subprime mortgage crisis, tech billionaire, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transatlantic slave trade, Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, trickle-down economics, Upton Sinclair, urban decay, W. E. B. Du Bois, women in the workforce, working poor

Backfiring of Gates Foundation’s silver-bullet fixes Bill Gates, 2009 Annual Letter (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, January 2009), accessed from: https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/​Documents/​2009-bill-gates-annual-letter.pdf. Davos’s 2017 summit: Shakira and celebrity chef Jamie Oliver World Economic Forum, “Arts and Culture in Davos 2017,” WEForum.org, accessed April 12, 2017, http://www3.weforum.org/​docs/​Media/​AM17/​AM17_Arts_brochure.pdf. Gates: a new $460-million fund to fight the spread of infectious disease World Economic Forum, “CEPI Initiative Aims to Prepare Vaccines to Speed Up Global Response to Epidemics,” press release, January 19, 2017, https://www.weforum.org/​press/​2017/​01/​cepi-initiative-aims-to-prepare-vaccines-to-speed-up-global-response-to-epidemics/.

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Two-thirds of minimum-wage workers in the States are women National Women’s Law Center, “Women and the Minimum Wage, State by State,” NWLC.org, January 2017, https://nwlc.org/​resources/​women-and-minimum-wage-state-state/. World Economic Forum’s annual global rankings on the economic gender gap World Economic Forum, “The Global Gender Gap Report 2016,” World Economic Forum website, 2016, http://reports.weforum.org/​global-gender-gap-report-2016/​results-and-analysis/. World Economic Forum, “The Global Gender Gap Report 2015,” World Economic Forum website, 2015, http://reports.weforum.org/​global-gender-gap-report-2015/​press-releases/. Iowa, Ohio, and Wisconsin: 15 to 20 percent fewer Democratic voters for Clinton Calculations based on: Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S.

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Similarly, while there are a great many women in positions of power—not enough, but substantially more than a generation ago—low-income women are working longer hours, often at multiple jobs, without security, just to pay the bills. (Two-thirds of minimum-wage workers in the States are women.) In the World Economic Forum’s annual global rankings on the economic gender gap, the US fell from the 28th spot in 2015 all the way down to 45th place in 2016. While white Trump voters responded to their precariousness by raging at the world, many traditional liberals seem to have responded by tuning out. When Hillary Clinton called out identifiable groups at every rally, declaring that she would “stand up” for each of them, it was too tepid an offering to build the ground-swell of support she needed.

The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being by William Davies

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, 1960s counterculture, Abraham Maslow, Airbnb, behavioural economics, business intelligence, business logic, corporate governance, data science, dematerialisation, experimental subject, Exxon Valdez, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Gini coefficient, income inequality, intangible asset, invisible hand, joint-stock company, Leo Hollis, lifelogging, market bubble, mental accounting, military-industrial complex, nudge unit, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Philip Mirowski, power law, profit maximization, randomized controlled trial, Richard Thaler, road to serfdom, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, science of happiness, scientific management, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), sentiment analysis, sharing economy, Slavoj Žižek, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, social contagion, social intelligence, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Steve Jobs, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Spirit Level, theory of mind, urban planning, Vilfredo Pareto, W. E. B. Du Bois, you are the product

THE HAPPINESS INDUSTRY THE HAPPINESS INDUSTRY How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being WILLIAM DAVIES For Lydia First published by Verso 2015 © William Davies 2015 All rights reserved The moral rights of the author have been asserted 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F 0EG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 11201 www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN-13: 978-1-78168-845-8 (HC) ISBN-13: 978-1-78478-272-6 (Export) eISBN-13: 978-1-78168-847-2 (US) eISBN-13: 978-1-78168-846-5 (UK) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Typeset in Fournier MT by Hewer Text UK Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland Printed in the US by Maple Press Contents Preface 1Knowing How You Feel 2The Price of Pleasure 3In the Mood to Buy 4The Psychosomatic Worker 5The Crisis of Authority 6Social Optimization 7Living in the Lab 8Critical Animals Acknowledgements Notes Index Preface Since the World Economic Forum (WEF) was founded in 1971, its annual meeting in Davos has served as a useful indicator of the global economic zeitgeist. These conferences, which last a few days in late January, bring together corporate executives, senior politicians, representatives of NGOs and a sprinkling of concerned celebrities to address the main issues confronting the global economy and the decision-makers tasked with looking after it.

…

Happiness, in its various guises, is no longer some pleasant add-on to the more important business of making money, or some new age concern for those with enough time to sit around baking their own bread. As a measurable, visible, improvable entity, it has now penetrated the citadel of global economic management. If the World Economic Forum is any guide, and it has always tended to be in the past, the future of successful capitalism depends on our ability to combat stress, misery and illness, and put relaxation, happiness and wellness in their place. Techniques, measures and technologies are now available to achieve this, and they are permeating the workplace, the high street, the home and the human body.

…

This book shares much of that disquiet. There are surely ample political and material problems to deal with right now, before we divert quite so much attention towards the mental and neural conditions through which we individually experience them. There is also a sense that when the doyens of the World Economic Forum seize an agenda with so much gusto, there is at least some cause for suspicion. The mood-tracking technologies, sentiment analysis algorithms and stress-busting meditation techniques are put to work in the service of certain political and economic interests. They are not simply gifted to us for our own Aristotelian flourishing.

McMindfulness: How Mindfulness Became the New Capitalist Spirituality by Ronald Purser

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Bernie Sanders, biodiversity loss, British Empire, capitalist realism, commoditize, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, digital capitalism, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, fake news, Frederick Winslow Taylor, friendly fire, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, housing crisis, Howard Zinn, impulse control, job satisfaction, liberation theology, Lyft, Marc Benioff, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, military-industrial complex, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, neoliberal agenda, Nicholas Carr, obamacare, placebo effect, precariat, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, publication bias, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, science of happiness, scientific management, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, source of truth, stealth mode startup, TED Talk, The Spirit Level, Tony Hsieh, too big to fail, Torches of Freedom, trickle-down economics, uber lyft, work culture

CHAPTER TWO: Neoliberal Mindfulness CHAPTER THREE: The Mantra of Stress CHAPTER FOUR: Privatizing Mindfulness CHAPTER FIVE: Colonizing Mindfulness CHAPTER SIX: Mindfulness as Social Amnesia CHAPTER SEVEN: Mindfulness’ Truthiness Problem CHAPTER EIGHT: Mindful Employees CHAPTER NINE: Mindful Merchants CHAPTER TEN: Mindful Elites CHAPTER ELEVEN: Mindful Schools CHAPTER TWELVE: Mindful Warriors CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Mindful Politics CONCLUSION: Liberating Mindfulness NOTES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS chapter one What Mindfulness Revolution? Mindfulness is mainstream, endorsed by celebrities like Oprah Winfrey, Goldie Hawn and Ruby Wax. While meditation coaches, monks and neuroscientists rub shoulders with CEOs at the World Economic Forum in Davos, the founders of this movement have grown evangelical. Prophesying that its hybrid of science and meditative discipline “has the potential to ignite a universal or global renaissance,” the inventor of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Jon Kabat-Zinn, has bigger ambitions than conquering stress.

…

It slots so neatly into the mindset of the workplace that its only real threat to the status quo is to offer people ways to become more skillful at the rat race. Modern society’s neoliberal consensus argues that those who enjoy power and wealth should be given free rein to accumulate more. Those mindfulness merchants who accept market logic are an unsurprising hit with CEOs at the World Economic Forum in Davos, where Kabat-Zinn has no qualms about preaching the gospel of competitive advantage from meditative practice.4 Over the past few decades, neoliberalism has outgrown its conservative roots. It has hijacked public discourse to the extent that even self-professed progressives, such as Kabat-Zinn, think in neoliberal terms.

…

But this has led to the opposite outcome, creating an uncontrollable consumer commodity that devalues mindfulness. Downloading an app as a digital detox is irrational. Mindful merchants don’t care. They seem to be proud of creating a global branded product, accessible to anyone, anywhere — like a Big Mac. chapter ten Mindful Elites Mindfulness made its debut at Davos in 2013. The annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF), a week of parties and panel discussions in a sleepy Swiss ski resort, is a schmooze-fest for the global economic elite. The WEF attracts CEOs, fund managers, venture capitalists, heads of state and politicians, economists, representatives of NGOs, and a handful of token artists and celebrities.

Once Upon a Time in Russia: The Rise of the Oligarchs―A True Story of Ambition, Wealth, Betrayal, and Murder by Ben Mezrich

"World Economic Forum" Davos, new economy, vertical integration

Marina was equally certain, as she worked her way back down through the extravagant Logovaz Club, that this surreal moment was likely to be just the first of many. The contents of the suitcase might represent a monstrous sum to a woman like Marina, but a million dollars wasn’t going to satisfy a man like Boris Berezovsky for very long. CHAPTER ELEVEN * * * February 1996, World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland TWO MONTHS BEFORE HIS fiftieth birthday, and Boris Berezovsky could count on the fingers of one hand the number of times he had been rendered speechless—and one of those times had involved a blown-up Mercedes and a decapitated driver. But here it was, happening again in the most pristine setting he could ever imagine: an elegant, wood-paneled conference room in an alpine hotel, hanging off the edge of the most spectacular, snow-topped mountain, the air outside so crisp and blue it was like the frozen interior of a diamond.

…

He knew that the gist of what had been said was nothing he shouldn’t have already known; he had been having similar conversations for the past ten days in Moscow, and the man who had just left the Alpine conference room hadn’t said anything Berezovsky could not have realized himself. But hearing those words, in this place, from such a source—it was beyond sobering. George Soros, the Hungarian-born American billionaire, one of the richest men in the world—and in many ways a personal idol of Berezovsky’s—was exactly the sort of man you came to the World Economic Forum at Davos to meet. To Berezovsky, he represented everything laudable about the West; Soros’s opinions informed Berezovsky of the Western way of thinking about markets, business, and even politics. Berezovsky had searched him out specifically to get his opinion on the situation that was rapidly developing back in his homeland.

…

A Abramovich, Irina, 196–97, 243 Abramovich, Roman, 82, 113–22, 173–74, 196–201 aluminum interests of, 132, 147, 184, 199, 245, 249–50 background of, 45–47, 50, 113, 115, 121, 186 Berezovsky’s exile and, 182–83, 186–87, 192, 197 Berezovsky’s first meeting with, 46–47 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 45–50, 73, 76, 87–88, 116–18, 122, 130, 147, 174, 182–87, 198–201, 208, 211, 218, 231, 236, 245–46, 248–49, 251 Berezovsky’s suit against, 235–37, 239, 243–52, 254, 258–59 Caribbean cruises of, 44–48, 56, 118, 182 Chechen conflicts and, 117–18 elections and, 87–88, 132 final payments to Berezovsky of, 197–201, 209, 231, 245–46 Goncharova’s package and, 70, 76–77 Goncharova’s relationship with, 69–71 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 119–22 Kursk incident and, 174, 187 oil interests of, 47–50, 56, 72–73, 113, 132, 245 ORT acquisition of, 183–87, 192, 200, 236, 245, 248–49 Patarkatsishvili’s relationship with, 115–16 physical appearance of, 182 Putin and, 147, 174, 184, 187, 245, 248–49 Sibneft and, 71–73, 75, 77, 87–88, 97, 114–17, 147, 184, 186, 199, 218, 231, 245, 248–49 wealth of, 208–9, 231, 243–44 advertising, 31, 53–55, 58–60, 72 Aeroflot, 96–97, 172–73, 192, 206–7 and criminal allegations against Berezovsky, 131, 147, 172, 185 Alexandrovka Dacha, 144 Berezovsky’s eviction from, 173 All-Russia Party, 132–34 aluminum, 83 Abramovich and, 132, 147, 184, 199, 245, 249–50 Berezovsky and, 120, 122, 245, 249–50 in Krasnoyarsk, 119–22 Aluminum Wars, 119, 122 Antibes, 116, 198 Berezovsky’s exile and, 179–82, 185–87 Antigua, 43–44 Aven, Pyotr, 44–45, 248 AvtoVAZ, 11, 13–15 B bankers, banking, 24, 74–75, 77, 82, 200 Aven and, 44 Berezovsky and, 15, 45, 84, 86 Gusinsky and, 32–33, 48, 86, 132, 146 Khodorkovsky and, 74, 204, 207 Most Bank and, 32–33, 132, 146 Barsukov, Mikhail, 91 Berezovsky, Boris Abramovich, 9–17, 27–36, 43–56, 79–91, 114–18, 127–35, 140–48, 157–65, 171–75, 179–87, 195–201, 206–11, 223, 229–41, 243–59 Abramovich’s final payments to, 197–201, 209, 231, 245–46 Abramovich’s oil interests and, 47–50, 56 Abramovich’s relationship with, 45–50, 73, 76, 87–88, 116–18, 122, 130, 147, 174, 182–87, 198–201, 208, 211, 218, 231, 236, 245–46, 248–49, 251 Abramovich sued by, 235–37, 239, 243–52, 254, 258–59 access to Kremlin of, 67, 76, 85, 117–18, 128, 132, 142, 147, 157, 160, 174, 184, 199, 211, 250, 254 Aeroflot and, 96–97, 131, 147, 172–73, 185, 192, 206–7 aluminum interests of, 120, 122, 245, 249–50 and assassination of Listyev, 63, 65–67 attempted arrest of, 48, 64–67 attempted assassinations of, 17, 19–25, 28–29, 35, 48, 62, 79, 85, 110, 147, 174, 180, 200, 210, 259 attempted extradition of, 206, 209–10 background of, 12–14, 32, 45, 61, 181, 186, 200, 207 banking interests of, 15, 45, 84, 86 car business of, 10–11, 13–16, 29, 31–32, 48, 106–7, 142, 181 Caribbean cruises of, 43–48, 50, 56, 72, 118, 148, 182 Chechen conflicts and, 96–97, 117–18 company headquarters of, 9–11, 13 criminal allegations against, 64–67, 131, 147, 172, 185, 192, 200, 259 death of, 257–59 demise of, 252, 259, 262 elections and, 34, 49, 53, 72, 80–91, 96, 105, 125, 128, 131 exile of, 171, 174, 179–83, 185–87, 191–93, 197, 201, 206–8, 210–11, 245, 255–56, 259 Family and, 32, 35, 45, 81, 91, 97, 109, 117, 122, 125, 130–31, 143 financial problems of, 217–18, 230–31, 233, 252, 258–59 Forbes sued by, 211, 254 FSB complaint of, 103, 105, 108–10 FSB-ordered assassination of, 99–103, 108, 110, 129, 200 Goncharova’s package and, 70–71, 76–77 Gusinsky’s relationship with, 32, 48, 83–84, 86, 146, 174 injuries of, 21, 27–29, 32, 82, 110 Khodorkovsky’s arrest and, 206, 210 Klebnikov’s murder and, 254–55 Kommersant and, 109, 172 Korzhakov’s relationship with, 29–32, 35, 147, 174 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 120, 122 Kursk incident and, 157–59, 161–62, 167, 174, 187 Lebed’s relationship with, 118, 120 Listyev’s relationship with, 56, 64 Litvinenko’s death and, 229–31 Litvinenko’s exile and, 190–91 Litvinenko’s imprisonment and, 124, 129, 143 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 227 Litvinenko’s press conference and, 109–11 Litvinenko’s relationship with, 61–67, 96–103, 105–6, 108, 123–24, 129–30, 173, 190–91, 193, 214, 217, 219, 230 Litvinenko’s whistle-blowing and, 101, 103, 105, 108–11 Logovaz Club office of, 61–65, 76–77, 96 national security post of, 96 pace and impatience of, 10–12, 14, 16, 127, 134–35, 254 Patarkatsishvili’s death and, 240–41, 249 Patarkatsishvili’s relationship with, 46–47, 116, 137, 142, 168–69, 171, 174, 179–80, 198, 209, 218, 231, 240–41, 250, 255, 258 physical appearance of, 9–10, 43–44, 61, 66, 76, 174–75, 179, 231, 233–35, 240, 247, 257–58 Presidential Club and, 27–29, 31, 52 Putin and, 106–7, 109–10, 125, 129–34, 141–48, 158–64, 167–68, 171–74, 181, 183–87, 192, 206–7, 209–11, 231, 245, 248, 250–51, 255–56, 261–62 religious beliefs of, 12, 32, 99, 200, 207 security for, 9–10, 17, 24–25, 48, 64–65, 179–82, 192, 195, 207–8, 229, 233–35, 240, 244, 259 Sibneft and, 72–73, 76–77, 80, 82–83, 87–88, 96, 117–18, 184, 199, 245 State Duma post of, 131 TV station interests of, 29–36, 45, 49–50, 52–56, 58, 64, 72, 74, 80, 82, 87, 96, 116, 131, 133–34, 145, 147, 158–63, 165, 167–69, 172–73, 183–87, 191–92, 200, 207, 214, 236, 245, 248 Unity Party and, 132–35 wealth of, 14–15, 29, 32–33, 43, 45, 49, 61, 77, 87, 96–97, 116, 148, 175, 181, 185, 192, 195, 198, 200, 208–9, 234, 241, 258 wet work of, 15–16 womanizing of, 62 World Economic Forum and, 79–82, 84–85 Yeltsin’s relationship with, 23, 31–32, 61, 91, 96, 110, 122, 128, 131 Yeltsin’s resignation and, 140–41 Berezovsky, Galina, 217 Boris, Project, 117 C car business: AvtoVAZ and, 11, 13–15 of Berezovsky, 10–11, 13–16, 29, 31–32, 48, 106–7, 142, 181 Ladas and, 11, 13–16, 181 Caribbean, 208 Abramovich’s cruises in, 44–48, 56, 118, 182 Berezovsky’s cruises in, 43–48, 50, 56, 72, 118, 148, 182 Chas Pik, 58 Château de la Garoupe, 180–83, 185–87, 198, 200 Chechens, Republic of Chechnya: Berezovsky and, 96–97, 117–18 Litvinenko and, 62, 96–97, 129, 191, 193, 229 Putin and, 133–34, 141, 146 Russian conflicts with, 33, 62, 96–97, 117–18, 129, 133–34, 141, 146, 229 Sibneft and, 117 terrorism and, 5, 16, 24, 96, 117, 133, 193 Chubais, Anatoly, 33–34, 74–75 arrests of assistants of, 89–91 elections and, 81, 83–85, 89–90 Communists, 12, 33, 107 elections and, 72, 80–82, 84, 86, 88–89, 128 Russian economy and, 75, 82, 144 Yeltsin and, 30, 72, 80–81, 84, 86 D Davny, Igor, 19–24 Davos Pact, 86 Deripaska, Oleg, 121, 249 Doctorow, Ivan, 37–42 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 55 E Eugene (Abramovich’s associate), 198, 249 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 120–22 Sibneft and, 114–16 F Faces in the Snow, 48, 66 Family, 147 Berezovsky and, 32, 35, 45, 81, 91, 97, 109, 117, 122, 125, 130–31, 143 elections and, 125 Putin and, 107, 109, 130–31, 143 Sibneft and, 117 Yeltsin and, 32, 35, 81, 83, 91, 97, 107, 109, 125, 130–31, 133 Financial Times, 159 Forbes, 256 Berezovsky’s suit against, 211, 254 FSB (Federal Security Service), 91, 207 assassination of Berezovsky ordered by, 99–103, 108, 110, 129, 200 and assassination of Listyev, 64, 66–67 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 66–67 and attempted arrest of Gusinsky, 38, 40–41 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 19–20, 23, 28, 62 Berezovsky’s complaint against, 103, 105, 108–10 Berezovsky’s exile and, 192 business atmosphere and, 21 corruption in, 105–6, 110, 125 Litvinenko and, 19–21, 23, 28, 62–67, 95–100, 102, 105–6, 108–11, 124–25, 129, 190–93, 213, 215, 227, 230 Patarkatsishvili and, 166–67, 171 Putin and, 107–9, 124–25, 129–30, 141, 167, 173, 183 G Gazprom, 146, 198 Georgians, Georgia, 24–25 see also Patarkatsishvili, Badri glasnost, 246 Gloster, Dame Elizabeth, 246, 250–52, 259 Glushkov, Nikolai: arrest and imprisonment of, 206–7, 248–49 criminal allegations against, 172–73, 185, 192 escape attempt of, 207, 214 Gogol, Anton, 37–42 KGB and, 38–39 Goncharova, Marina: Abramovich’s relationship with, 69–71 as accountant, 69, 71, 74 package of, 69–71, 76–77 physical appearance of, 69, 77 Russian economy and, 74–76 Sibneft and, 71, 75–77 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 12, 22, 128 Gorodilov, Viktor, 73 Gusinsky, Vladimir, 162–63 attempted arrest of, 38–42, 48, 66, 174 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 66 background of, 45 banking interests of, 32–33, 48, 86, 132, 146 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 32, 48, 83–84, 86, 146, 174 elections and, 83–84, 86, 132, 146 exile of, 146, 148, 159 Putin and, 146, 148, 167 security for, 35, 38, 40, 42, 174 TV station interests of, 32–35, 83, 86, 132, 146 wealth of, 146 H Hermès, 234–35 I Interfax Press Center, 109–10 Italy, Italians, Litvinenko and, 190, 213–17 Ivan (Berezovsky’s assistant), 88–90 and arrests of Chubais’s assistants, 89–90 Goncharova’s package and, 70–71, 76 J Jews, 12, 32, 99, 200, 207 K KGB, 21–22, 124, 131, 167 business atmosphere and, 21 Gogol and, 38–39 Korzhakov and, 30, 32 Putin and, 107–8, 129, 133, 141, 143, 161, 167, 189 Khodorkovsky, Mikhael, 203–7 arrest and imprisonment of, 205–7, 210 banking interests of, 74, 204, 207 wealth of, 74, 204, 206–7 Yukos and, 74 King, Larry, 52 Klebnikov, Paul, 211, 254–55 Kolesnikov, Dmitri, 149–55 Kursk incident and, 151–55 Kommersant, 109, 172 Korzhakov, Alexander Vasileyevich, 97 and arrests of Chubais’s assistants, 89–90 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 48 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 29–32, 35, 147, 174 Berezovsky’s TV interests and, 29, 31–36, 52, 56, 80, 82 elections and, 34, 49, 82–84, 89–91, 128 Gusinsky and, 32, 34 KGB and, 30, 32 Krasnoyarsk, 114–15, 118–19 aluminum production in, 119–22 labor disputes in, 119–20, 122 Kremlin, 28, 32, 137, 159–61, 184–86, 192, 207, 209–11, 219 Berezovsky’s access to, 67, 76, 85, 117–18, 128, 132, 142, 147, 157, 160, 174, 184, 199, 211, 250, 254 physical appearance of, 127–28 Putin’s ascension to, 130–34, 142–43, 145, 161 krysha, 66, 75, 121 Abramovich and, 49, 77, 116, 187, 199, 201, 209, 246 Berezovsky and, 23–25, 28, 49, 67, 77, 97, 100, 116, 124, 147, 187, 199, 201, 209, 246 Litvinenko and, 25, 67, 100, 124 meaning of, 23 Kuntsevo Dacha, 3–7 Kursk, sinking of, 151–55, 165–67 and Abramovich, 174, 187 and Berezovsky, 157–59, 161–62, 167, 174, 187 and ORT, 158–59, 161–62, 167, 183 and Patarkatsishvili, 183, 187 and Putin, 158–59, 161, 187 L labor disputes, 119–20, 122 Ladas, 181 Berezovsky and, 11, 13–16 as symbol of new Russia, 13 Lebed, General, 89–90, 118–20 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 118, 120 elections and, 86, 90, 118–19 Krasnoyarsk labor disputes and, 120 Lefortovo Prison, 124–25 Lenin, Vladimir, 128 Lisovsky, Sergei, 89 Listyev, Vlad, 51–60 assassination of, 60, 63–67, 72, 97 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 64–67 background of, 55, 57 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 56, 64 Logovaz Club meeting of, 51–55 ORT and, 51–56, 58–59, 63–64, 72 physical appearance of, 51–53, 57–60 politics of, 53 popularity and fame of, 51–55, 59, 63–64 Litskevich, Ivan, 73 Litvinenko, Alexander “Sasha,” 95–103, 213–19 arrests and imprisonments of, 124–26, 129, 143–44, 173, 190, 223 assassination of, 225–32 and assassination of Listyev, 63–67 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 64–67 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 19–25, 28, 62 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 61–67, 96–103, 105–6, 108, 123–24, 129–30, 173, 190–91, 193, 214, 217, 219, 230 business atmosphere and, 21–22 Chechens and, 62, 96–97, 129, 191, 193, 229 elections and, 96 exile of, 189–94, 210, 213–15, 217–19, 222–23 FSB and, 19–21, 23, 28, 62–67, 95–100, 102, 105–6, 108–11, 124–25, 129, 190–93, 213, 215, 227, 230 Italians and, 190, 213–17 Moscow journalist’s murder and, 216–17 and ordered assassination of Berezovsky, 99–102, 110, 129 physical appearance of, 106, 109, 123, 226 planned assassination of, 215 poisoning of, 221–23, 225–31 press conference of, 109–11, 123–24 prison release of, 129–30 Putin and, 106, 108, 110, 124–25, 129, 143–44, 189–90, 214–15, 217 trial of, 123–26 videotape of, 101–3, 105, 110 whistle-blowing of, 101–3, 105, 108–11, 123–25, 129, 215 loans for shares program, 74–76, 115–16 LogoVAZ: advertising and, 31, 54 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 21, 24–25 finances of, 15, 54 Ladas and, 11, 13–15 Patarkatsishvili’s position with, 24–25, 46, 55–56 wet work of, 15–16 Logovaz Club, 49, 87, 118, 130, 137, 140, 144, 165, 172, 182 Berezovsky’s meeting with Listyev at, 51–55 Berezovsky’s office in, 11, 61–65, 76–77, 96 elections and, 85–86, 90 Goncharova’s trip to, 69–71, 76–77 security at, 69–71, 76–77 violence near, 20 Lubyanka, 98–99 Lugovoy, Andrei, 207, 214, 218–19, 223, 227, 230 Luzhkov, Yuri, 132, 134, 146 M Marina (ballroom dancer), 61–63, 97, 101–2, 125–26, 193 beauty of, 20, 25 Litvinenko’s death and, 228 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 222–23 Mario (Litvinenko’s associate), 213–17 Media-Most, 35, 146 Megève, 195–97, 207, 209, 231, 246, 249 Millennium Hotel, 218–19 Moscow, 3, 7, 9, 12, 45, 80, 96, 101, 107, 114, 119, 125, 128–29, 131–33, 146, 148, 171, 173–74, 184, 203, 207–8, 214, 219, 230 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 66–67 Berezovsky’s exile and, 180–81 and Berezovsky’s trip to Antigua, 43–44 Gusinsky and, 32, 35, 40–42, 48 Listyev and, 58–59, 63, 66 Litvinenko’s exile and, 190–91 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 227 Sibneft and, 75 violence and crime in, 20–25, 40–42, 65, 98, 133, 216–17 Yeltsin and, 30 Moscow Times, The, 173 Most Bank, 32–33, 132, 146 N nickel manufacturing, 74, 82–83 9/11 terrorist attacks, 216 Novosibirsk, 114, 203 NTV, 33, 83, 146 elections and, 86, 132, 134 Ostankino Tower fire and, 165 O oil, 82–83 Abramovich and, 47–50, 56, 72–73, 113, 132, 245 Berezovsky and, 47–50, 56 Yukos and, 74, 82, 207 see also Sibneft Oligarchs, 243 backgrounds of, 5 elections and, 83–84, 87, 89–91, 128 Kuntsevo meeting of, 4–6 Putin and, 6–7, 144–48, 159, 163, 173 security for, 59 violence and, 5 wealth of, 4–7 World Economic Forum and, 81, 84 ORT (Russian Public Television): Abramovich’s acquisition of, 183–87, 192, 200, 236, 245, 248–49 advertising on, 53–55, 58–60, 72 Berezovsky’s interest in, 33–35, 45, 49–50, 52–56, 58, 64, 72, 74, 80, 82, 87, 96, 116, 131, 133–34, 145, 147, 158–63, 165, 167–69, 172–73, 183–87, 191–92, 200, 207, 214, 236, 245, 248 Berezovsky’s ordered assassination and, 102 Berezovsky’s ordered removal from, 162–63, 167–69, 172–73 Berezovsky’s sale of, 183–87, 191–92, 200, 207, 236, 245, 248–49 and criminal allegations against Berezovsky, 131 elections and, 34, 49, 53, 72, 82, 86 Kursk incident and, 158–59, 161–62, 167, 183 Listyev and, 51–56, 58–59, 63–64, 72 Ostankino Tower fire and, 165 Patarkatsishvili’s position with, 55–56 Putin and, 133–34, 144–45, 158–63, 167–68, 172, 183–85, 192, 248–49 Ostankino Tower fire, 165–67 P Patarkatsishvili, Badri, 141–42, 165–69 and Abramovich’s final payments to Berezovsky, 197–201, 209, 246 Abramovich’s relationship with, 115–16 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 24–25 Berezovsky’s exile and, 174, 179–82 and Berezovsky’s first meeting with Abramovich, 46–47 and Berezovsky’s meeting with Listyev, 52, 54–55 and Berezovsky’s ordered removal from ORT, 167–69 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 46–47, 116, 137, 142, 168–69, 171, 174, 179–80, 198, 209, 218, 231, 240–41, 250, 255, 258 and Berezovsky’s sale of ORT, 183–85 and Berezovsky’s suit against Abramovich, 237, 245–46, 248, 250 Chechen conflicts and, 96–97, 117 criminal allegations against, 207 death of, 240–41, 249, 255 elections and, 85–86, 88, 90–91 exile of, 207, 240 FSB and, 166–67, 171 Georgian politics and, 209, 218, 231, 240–41 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 120 Kursk incident and, 183, 187 Ostankino Tower fire and, 165–67 physical appearance of, 55, 113, 116, 168, 196, 198 position with LogoVAZ of, 24–25, 46, 55–56 position with ORT of, 55–56 Putin and, 147, 160, 167–69, 171, 181, 183, 209 Siberian trip of, 113–15, 118 Sibneft and, 75, 116 Unity Party and, 132–33 wealth of, 209, 240 Patrushev, Nikolai, 167 perestroika, 12–13, 16, 32, 186, 246 Presidential Club: Berezovsky and, 27–29, 31, 45, 52, 85 elections and, 85 Primokov, Yevgeny, 131 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 106–10, 191, 246 Abramovich and, 147, 174, 184, 187, 245, 248–49 as acting president, 140–41, 144 ascension to Kremlin of, 130–34, 142–43, 145, 161 background of, 107–8, 161 Berezovsky and, 106–7, 109–10, 125, 129–34, 141–48, 158–64, 167–68, 171–74, 181, 183–87, 192, 206–7, 209–11, 231, 245, 248, 250–51, 255–56, 261–62 Chechen conflicts and, 133–34, 141, 146 Family and, 107, 109, 130–31, 143 FSB and, 107–9, 124–25, 129–30, 141, 167, 173, 183 Gusinsky and, 146, 148, 167 KGB and, 107–8, 129, 133, 141, 143, 161, 167, 189 Kuntsevo meeting and, 5–7 Kursk incident and, 158–59, 161, 187 Litvinenko and, 106, 108, 110, 124–25, 129, 143–44, 189–90, 214–15, 217 Oligarchs and, 6–7, 144–48, 159, 163, 173 ORT and, 133–34, 144–45, 158–63, 167–68, 172, 183–85, 192, 248–49 Patarkatsishvili and, 147, 160, 167–69, 171, 181, 183, 209 physical appearance of, 5–6, 106, 144–45, 160 popularity of, 144–45, 172 presidential campaign of, 131–32, 134, 144–46, 160, 183, 189 tea invitation of, 148 Yeltsin and, 107, 109, 133, 140–41 R Red Directors, 13, 15, 91 krysha and, 24 Sibneft and, 73 roof, see krysha Rusal, 245 Russian Federation, 69, 107, 150–51, 198, 200–201, 204–5, 207–11, 217, 231, 254 advertising structure in, 53–54 and assassination of Listyev, 63–64 Berezovsky’s exile and, 245, 255–56 and Berezovsky’s suit against Abramovich, 244, 246, 250 Berezovsky’s TV interests and, 31, 172 business atmosphere in, 15–16, 20–22, 24, 28, 45, 71, 251 Chechen conflicts with, 33, 62, 96–97, 117–18, 129, 133–34, 141, 146, 229 and criminal allegations against Berezovsky, 259 cronyism in, 5 economy of, 14, 21–22, 33–34, 74–76, 82, 87, 132, 141, 144 elections in, 34, 49, 53, 72, 80–91, 96, 105, 118–19, 125, 128–29, 131–32, 134, 146 graft and corruption in, 5, 13, 33, 54, 58–59, 64, 72, 75–76, 81, 105–6, 110, 125, 251 Gusinsky’s TV station and, 33 Kursk incident and, 151, 162 Listyev’s fame and, 51–52 Litvinenko’s death and, 232 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 227 Ostankino Tower fire and, 166 patronage in, 75 and planned assassination of Litvinenko, 215 political parties in, 132–35, 141, 145 Sibneft and, 72–73, 75–76 and symbolism of Ladas, 13 violence and crime in, 5, 15–17, 19–25, 60, 63–64 World Economic Forum and, 81–82 Russian Public Television, see ORT S Saakashvili, Mikheil, 209 St.

Once Upon a Time in Russia: The Rise of the Oligarchs and the Greatest Wealth in History by Ben Mezrich

"World Economic Forum" Davos, new economy, vertical integration

Marina was equally certain, as she worked her way back down through the extravagant Logovaz Club, that this surreal moment was likely to be just the first of many. The contents of the suitcase might represent a monstrous sum to a woman like Marina, but a million dollars wasn’t going to satisfy a man like Boris Berezovsky for very long. CHAPTER ELEVEN February 1996, World Economic Forum, Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland TWO MONTHS BEFORE his fiftieth birthday, and Boris Berezovsky could count on the fingers of one hand the number of times he had been rendered speechless—and one of those times had involved a blown-up Mercedes and a decapitated driver. But here it was, happening again in the most pristine setting he could ever imagine: an elegant, wood-paneled conference room in an alpine hotel, hanging off the edge of the most spectacular, snow-topped mountain, the air outside so crisp and blue it was like the frozen interior of a diamond.

…

He knew that the gist of what had been said was nothing he shouldn’t have already known; he had been having similar conversations for the past ten days in Moscow, and the man who had just left the Alpine conference room hadn’t said anything Berezovsky could not have realized himself. But hearing those words, in this place, from such a source—it was beyond sobering. George Soros, the Hungarian-born American billionaire, one of the richest men in the world—and in many ways a personal idol of Berezovsky’s—was exactly the sort of man you came to the World Economic Forum at Davos to meet. To Berezovsky, he represented everything laudable about the West; Soros’s opinions informed Berezovsky of the Western way of thinking about markets, business, and even politics. Berezovsky had searched him out specifically to get his opinion on the situation that was rapidly developing back in his homeland.

…

A Abramovich, Irina, 196–97, 243 Abramovich, Roman, 82, 113–22, 173–74, 196–201 aluminum interests of, 132, 147, 184, 199, 245, 249–50 background of, 45–47, 50, 113, 115, 121, 186 Berezovsky’s exile and, 182–83, 186–87, 192, 197 Berezovsky’s first meeting with, 46–47 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 45–50, 73, 76, 87–88, 116–18, 122, 130, 147, 174, 182–87, 198–201, 208, 211, 218, 231, 236, 245–46, 248–49, 251 Berezovsky’s suit against, 235–37, 239, 243–52, 254, 258–59 Caribbean cruises of, 44–48, 56, 118, 182 Chechen conflicts and, 117–18 elections and, 87–88, 132 final payments to Berezovsky of, 197–201, 209, 231, 245–46 Goncharova’s package and, 70, 76–77 Goncharova’s relationship with, 69–71 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 119–22 Kursk incident and, 174, 187 oil interests of, 47–50, 56, 72–73, 113, 132, 245 ORT acquisition of, 183–87, 192, 200, 236, 245, 248–49 Patarkatsishvili’s relationship with, 115–16 physical appearance of, 182 Putin and, 147, 174, 184, 187, 245, 248–49 Sibneft and, 71–73, 75, 77, 87–88, 97, 114–17, 147, 184, 186, 199, 218, 231, 245, 248–49 wealth of, 208–9, 231, 243–44 advertising, 31, 53–55, 58–60, 72 Aeroflot, 96–97, 172–73, 192, 206–7 and criminal allegations against Berezovsky, 131, 147, 172, 185 Alexandrovka Dacha, 144 Berezovsky’s eviction from, 173 All-Russia Party, 132–34 aluminum, 83 Abramovich and, 132, 147, 184, 199, 245, 249–50 Berezovsky and, 120, 122, 245, 249–50 in Krasnoyarsk, 119–22 Aluminum Wars, 119, 122 Antibes, 116, 198 Berezovsky’s exile and, 179–82, 185–87 Antigua, 43–44 Aven, Pyotr, 44–45, 248 AvtoVAZ, 11, 13–15 B bankers, banking, 24, 74–75, 77, 82, 200 Aven and, 44 Berezovsky and, 15, 45, 84, 86 Gusinsky and, 32–33, 48, 86, 132, 146 Khodorkovsky and, 74, 204, 207 Most Bank and, 32–33, 132, 146 Barsukov, Mikhail, 91 Berezovsky, Boris Abramovich, 9–17, 27–36, 43–56, 79–91, 114–18, 127–35, 140–48, 157–65, 171–75, 179–87, 195–201, 206–11, 223, 229–41, 243–59 Abramovich’s final payments to, 197–201, 209, 231, 245–46 Abramovich’s oil interests and, 47–50, 56 Abramovich’s relationship with, 45–50, 73, 76, 87–88, 116–18, 122, 130, 147, 174, 182–87, 198–201, 208, 211, 218, 231, 236, 245–46, 248–49, 251 Abramovich sued by, 235–37, 239, 243–52, 254, 258–59 access to Kremlin of, 67, 76, 85, 117–18, 128, 132, 142, 147, 157, 160, 174, 184, 199, 211, 250, 254 Aeroflot and, 96–97, 131, 147, 172–73, 185, 192, 206–7 aluminum interests of, 120, 122, 245, 249–50 and assassination of Listyev, 63, 65–67 attempted arrest of, 48, 64–67 attempted assassinations of, 17, 19–25, 28–29, 35, 48, 62, 79, 85, 110, 147, 174, 180, 200, 210, 259 attempted extradition of, 206, 209–10 background of, 12–14, 32, 45, 61, 181, 186, 200, 207 banking interests of, 15, 45, 84, 86 car business of, 10–11, 13–16, 29, 31–32, 48, 106–7, 142, 181 Caribbean cruises of, 43–48, 50, 56, 72, 118, 148, 182 Chechen conflicts and, 96–97, 117–18 company headquarters of, 9–11, 13 criminal allegations against, 64–67, 131, 147, 172, 185, 192, 200, 259 death of, 257–59 demise of, 252, 259, 262 elections and, 34, 49, 53, 72, 80–91, 96, 105, 125, 128, 131 exile of, 171, 174, 179–83, 185–87, 191–93, 197, 201, 206–8, 210–11, 245, 255–56, 259 Family and, 32, 35, 45, 81, 91, 97, 109, 117, 122, 125, 130–31, 143 financial problems of, 217–18, 230–31, 233, 252, 258–59 Forbes sued by, 211, 254 FSB complaint of, 103, 105, 108–10 FSB-ordered assassination of, 99–103, 108, 110, 129, 200 Goncharova’s package and, 70–71, 76–77 Gusinsky’s relationship with, 32, 48, 83–84, 86, 146, 174 injuries of, 21, 27–29, 32, 82, 110 Khodorkovsky’s arrest and, 206, 210 Klebnikov’s murder and, 254–55 Kommersant and, 109, 172 Korzhakov’s relationship with, 29–32, 35, 147, 174 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 120, 122 Kursk incident and, 157–59, 161–62, 167, 174, 187 Lebed’s relationship with, 118, 120 Listyev’s relationship with, 56, 64 Litvinenko’s death and, 229–31 Litvinenko’s exile and, 190–91 Litvinenko’s imprisonment and, 124, 129, 143 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 227 Litvinenko’s press conference and, 109–11 Litvinenko’s relationship with, 61–67, 96–103, 105–6, 108, 123–24, 129–30, 173, 190–91, 193, 214, 217, 219, 230 Litvinenko’s whistle-blowing and, 101, 103, 105, 108–11 Logovaz Club office of, 61–65, 76–77, 96 national security post of, 96 pace and impatience of, 10–12, 14, 16, 127, 134–35, 254 Patarkatsishvili’s death and, 240–41, 249 Patarkatsishvili’s relationship with, 46–47, 116, 137, 142, 168–69, 171, 174, 179–80, 198, 209, 218, 231, 240–41, 250, 255, 258 physical appearance of, 9–10, 43–44, 61, 66, 76, 174–75, 179, 231, 233–35, 240, 247, 257–58 Presidential Club and, 27–29, 31, 52 Putin and, 106–7, 109–10, 125, 129–34, 141–48, 158–64, 167–68, 171–74, 181, 183–87, 192, 206–7, 209–11, 231, 245, 248, 250–51, 255–56, 261–62 religious beliefs of, 12, 32, 99, 200, 207 security for, 9–10, 17, 24–25, 48, 64–65, 179–82, 192, 195, 207–8, 229, 233–35, 240, 244, 259 Sibneft and, 72–73, 76–77, 80, 82–83, 87–88, 96, 117–18, 184, 199, 245 State Duma post of, 131 TV station interests of, 29–36, 45, 49–50, 52–56, 58, 64, 72, 74, 80, 82, 87, 96, 116, 131, 133–34, 145, 147, 158–63, 165, 167–69, 172–73, 183–87, 191–92, 200, 207, 214, 236, 245, 248 Unity Party and, 132–35 wealth of, 14–15, 29, 32–33, 43, 45, 49, 61, 77, 87, 96–97, 116, 148, 175, 181, 185, 192, 195, 198, 200, 208–9, 234, 241, 258 wet work of, 15–16 womanizing of, 62 World Economic Forum and, 79–82, 84–85 Yeltsin’s relationship with, 23, 31–32, 61, 91, 96, 110, 122, 128, 131 Yeltsin’s resignation and, 140–41 Berezovsky, Galina, 217 Boris, Project, 117 C car business: AvtoVAZ and, 11, 13–15 of Berezovsky, 10–11, 13–16, 29, 31–32, 48, 106–7, 142, 181 Ladas and, 11, 13–16, 181 Caribbean, 208 Abramovich’s cruises in, 44–48, 56, 118, 182 Berezovsky’s cruises in, 43–48, 50, 56, 72, 118, 148, 182 Chas Pik, 58 Château de la Garoupe, 180–83, 185–87, 198, 200 Chechens, Republic of Chechnya: Berezovsky and, 96–97, 117–18 Litvinenko and, 62, 96–97, 129, 191, 193, 229 Putin and, 133–34, 141, 146 Russian conflicts with, 33, 62, 96–97, 117–18, 129, 133–34, 141, 146, 229 Sibneft and, 117 terrorism and, 5, 16, 24, 96, 117, 133, 193 Chubais, Anatoly, 33–34, 74–75 arrests of assistants of, 89–91 elections and, 81, 83–85, 89–90 Communists, 12, 33, 107 elections and, 72, 80–82, 84, 86, 88–89, 128 Russian economy and, 75, 82, 144 Yeltsin and, 30, 72, 80–81, 84, 86 D Davny, Igor, 19–24 Davos Pact, 86 Deripaska, Oleg, 121, 249 Doctorow, Ivan, 37–42 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 55 E Eugene (Abramovich’s associate), 198, 249 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 120–22 Sibneft and, 114–16 F Faces in the Snow, 48, 66 Family, 147 Berezovsky and, 32, 35, 45, 81, 91, 97, 109, 117, 122, 125, 130–31, 143 elections and, 125 Putin and, 107, 109, 130–31, 143 Sibneft and, 117 Yeltsin and, 32, 35, 81, 83, 91, 97, 107, 109, 125, 130–31, 133 Financial Times, 159 Forbes, 256 Berezovsky’s suit against, 211, 254 FSB (Federal Security Service), 91, 207 assassination of Berezovsky ordered by, 99–103, 108, 110, 129, 200 and assassination of Listyev, 64, 66–67 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 66–67 and attempted arrest of Gusinsky, 38, 40–41 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 19–20, 23, 28, 62 Berezovsky’s complaint against, 103, 105, 108–10 Berezovsky’s exile and, 192 business atmosphere and, 21 corruption in, 105–6, 110, 125 Litvinenko and, 19–21, 23, 28, 62–67, 95–100, 102, 105–6, 108–11, 124–25, 129, 190–93, 213, 215, 227, 230 Patarkatsishvili and, 166–67, 171 Putin and, 107–9, 124–25, 129–30, 141, 167, 173, 183 G Gazprom, 146, 198 Georgians, Georgia, 24–25 see also Patarkatsishvili, Badri glasnost, 246 Gloster, Dame Elizabeth, 246, 250–52, 259 Glushkov, Nikolai: arrest and imprisonment of, 206–7, 248–49 criminal allegations against, 172–73, 185, 192 escape attempt of, 207, 214 Gogol, Anton, 37–42 KGB and, 38–39 Goncharova, Marina: Abramovich’s relationship with, 69–71 as accountant, 69, 71, 74 package of, 69–71, 76–77 physical appearance of, 69, 77 Russian economy and, 74–76 Sibneft and, 71, 75–77 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 12, 22, 128 Gorodilov, Viktor, 73 Gusinsky, Vladimir, 162–63 attempted arrest of, 38–42, 48, 66, 174 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 66 background of, 45 banking interests of, 32–33, 48, 86, 132, 146 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 32, 48, 83–84, 86, 146, 174 elections and, 83–84, 86, 132, 146 exile of, 146, 148, 159 Putin and, 146, 148, 167 security for, 35, 38, 40, 42, 174 TV station interests of, 32–35, 83, 86, 132, 146 wealth of, 146 H Hermès, 234–35 I Interfax Press Center, 109–10 Italy, Italians, Litvinenko and, 190, 213–17 Ivan (Berezovsky’s assistant), 88–90 and arrests of Chubais’s assistants, 89–90 Goncharova’s package and, 70–71, 76 J Jews, 12, 32, 99, 200, 207 K KGB, 21–22, 124, 131, 167 business atmosphere and, 21 Gogol and, 38–39 Korzhakov and, 30, 32 Putin and, 107–8, 129, 133, 141, 143, 161, 167, 189 Khodorkovsky, Mikhael, 203–7 arrest and imprisonment of, 205–7, 210 banking interests of, 74, 204, 207 wealth of, 74, 204, 206–7 Yukos and, 74 King, Larry, 52 Klebnikov, Paul, 211, 254–55 Kolesnikov, Dmitri, 149–55 Kursk incident and, 151–55 Kommersant, 109, 172 Korzhakov, Alexander Vasileyevich, 97 and arrests of Chubais’s assistants, 89–90 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 48 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 29–32, 35, 147, 174 Berezovsky’s TV interests and, 29, 31–36, 52, 56, 80, 82 elections and, 34, 49, 82–84, 89–91, 128 Gusinsky and, 32, 34 KGB and, 30, 32 Krasnoyarsk, 114–15, 118–19 aluminum production in, 119–22 labor disputes in, 119–20, 122 Kremlin, 28, 32, 137, 159–61, 184–86, 192, 207, 209–11, 219 Berezovsky’s access to, 67, 76, 85, 117–18, 128, 132, 142, 147, 157, 160, 174, 184, 199, 211, 250, 254 physical appearance of, 127–28 Putin’s ascension to, 130–34, 142–43, 145, 161 krysha, 66, 75, 121 Abramovich and, 49, 77, 116, 187, 199, 201, 209, 246 Berezovsky and, 23–25, 28, 49, 67, 77, 97, 100, 116, 124, 147, 187, 199, 201, 209, 246 Litvinenko and, 25, 67, 100, 124 meaning of, 23 Kuntsevo Dacha, 3–7 Kursk, sinking of, 151–55, 165–67 and Abramovich, 174, 187 and Berezovsky, 157–59, 161–62, 167, 174, 187 and ORT, 158–59, 161–62, 167, 183 and Patarkatsishvili, 183, 187 and Putin, 158–59, 161, 187 L labor disputes, 119–20, 122 Ladas, 181 Berezovsky and, 11, 13–16 as symbol of new Russia, 13 Lebed, General, 89–90, 118–20 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 118, 120 elections and, 86, 90, 118–19 Krasnoyarsk labor disputes and, 120 Lefortovo Prison, 124–25 Lenin, Vladimir, 128 Lisovsky, Sergei, 89 Listyev, Vlad, 51–60 assassination of, 60, 63–67, 72, 97 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 64–67 background of, 55, 57 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 56, 64 Logovaz Club meeting of, 51–55 ORT and, 51–56, 58–59, 63–64, 72 physical appearance of, 51–53, 57–60 politics of, 53 popularity and fame of, 51–55, 59, 63–64 Litskevich, Ivan, 73 Litvinenko, Alexander “Sasha,” 95–103, 213–19 arrests and imprisonments of, 124–26, 129, 143–44, 173, 190, 223 assassination of, 225–32 and assassination of Listyev, 63–67 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 64–67 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 19–25, 28, 62 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 61–67, 96–103, 105–6, 108, 123–24, 129–30, 173, 190–91, 193, 214, 217, 219, 230 business atmosphere and, 21–22 Chechens and, 62, 96–97, 129, 191, 193, 229 elections and, 96 exile of, 189–94, 210, 213–15, 217–19, 222–23 FSB and, 19–21, 23, 28, 62–67, 95–100, 102, 105–6, 108–11, 124–25, 129, 190–93, 213, 215, 227, 230 Italians and, 190, 213–17 Moscow journalist’s murder and, 216–17 and ordered assassination of Berezovsky, 99–102, 110, 129 physical appearance of, 106, 109, 123, 226 planned assassination of, 215 poisoning of, 221–23, 225–31 press conference of, 109–11, 123–24 prison release of, 129–30 Putin and, 106, 108, 110, 124–25, 129, 143–44, 189–90, 214–15, 217 trial of, 123–26 videotape of, 101–3, 105, 110 whistle-blowing of, 101–3, 105, 108–11, 123–25, 129, 215 loans for shares program, 74–76, 115–16 LogoVAZ: advertising and, 31, 54 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 21, 24–25 finances of, 15, 54 Ladas and, 11, 13–15 Patarkatsishvili’s position with, 24–25, 46, 55–56 wet work of, 15–16 Logovaz Club, 49, 87, 118, 130, 137, 140, 144, 165, 172, 182 Berezovsky’s meeting with Listyev at, 51–55 Berezovsky’s office in, 11, 61–65, 76–77, 96 elections and, 85–86, 90 Goncharova’s trip to, 69–71, 76–77 security at, 69–71, 76–77 violence near, 20 Lubyanka, 98–99 Lugovoy, Andrei, 207, 214, 218–19, 223, 227, 230 Luzhkov, Yuri, 132, 134, 146 M Marina (ballroom dancer), 61–63, 97, 101–2, 125–26, 193 beauty of, 20, 25 Litvinenko’s death and, 228 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 222–23 Mario (Litvinenko’s associate), 213–17 Media-Most, 35, 146 Megève, 195–97, 207, 209, 231, 246, 249 Millennium Hotel, 218–19 Moscow, 3, 7, 9, 12, 45, 80, 96, 101, 107, 114, 119, 125, 128–29, 131–33, 146, 148, 171, 173–74, 184, 203, 207–8, 214, 219, 230 and attempted arrest of Berezovsky, 66–67 Berezovsky’s exile and, 180–81 and Berezovsky’s trip to Antigua, 43–44 Gusinsky and, 32, 35, 40–42, 48 Listyev and, 58–59, 63, 66 Litvinenko’s exile and, 190–91 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 227 Sibneft and, 75 violence and crime in, 20–25, 40–42, 65, 98, 133, 216–17 Yeltsin and, 30 Moscow Times, The, 173 Most Bank, 32–33, 132, 146 N nickel manufacturing, 74, 82–83 9/11 terrorist attacks, 216 Novosibirsk, 114, 203 NTV, 33, 83, 146 elections and, 86, 132, 134 Ostankino Tower fire and, 165 O oil, 82–83 Abramovich and, 47–50, 56, 72–73, 113, 132, 245 Berezovsky and, 47–50, 56 Yukos and, 74, 82, 207 see also Sibneft Oligarchs, 243 backgrounds of, 5 elections and, 83–84, 87, 89–91, 128 Kuntsevo meeting of, 4–6 Putin and, 6–7, 144–48, 159, 163, 173 security for, 59 violence and, 5 wealth of, 4–7 World Economic Forum and, 81, 84 ORT (Russian Public Television): Abramovich’s acquisition of, 183–87, 192, 200, 236, 245, 248–49 advertising on, 53–55, 58–60, 72 Berezovsky’s interest in, 33–35, 45, 49–50, 52–56, 58, 64, 72, 74, 80, 82, 87, 96, 116, 131, 133–34, 145, 147, 158–63, 165, 167–69, 172–73, 183–87, 191–92, 200, 207, 214, 236, 245, 248 Berezovsky’s ordered assassination and, 102 Berezovsky’s ordered removal from, 162–63, 167–69, 172–73 Berezovsky’s sale of, 183–87, 191–92, 200, 207, 236, 245, 248–49 and criminal allegations against Berezovsky, 131 elections and, 34, 49, 53, 72, 82, 86 Kursk incident and, 158–59, 161–62, 167, 183 Listyev and, 51–56, 58–59, 63–64, 72 Ostankino Tower fire and, 165 Patarkatsishvili’s position with, 55–56 Putin and, 133–34, 144–45, 158–63, 167–68, 172, 183–85, 192, 248–49 Ostankino Tower fire, 165–67 P Patarkatsishvili, Badri, 141–42, 165–69 and Abramovich’s final payments to Berezovsky, 197–201, 209, 246 Abramovich’s relationship with, 115–16 and attempted assassination of Berezovsky, 24–25 Berezovsky’s exile and, 174, 179–82 and Berezovsky’s first meeting with Abramovich, 46–47 and Berezovsky’s meeting with Listyev, 52, 54–55 and Berezovsky’s ordered removal from ORT, 167–69 Berezovsky’s relationship with, 46–47, 116, 137, 142, 168–69, 171, 174, 179–80, 198, 209, 218, 231, 240–41, 250, 255, 258 and Berezovsky’s sale of ORT, 183–85 and Berezovsky’s suit against Abramovich, 237, 245–46, 248, 250 Chechen conflicts and, 96–97, 117 criminal allegations against, 207 death of, 240–41, 249, 255 elections and, 85–86, 88, 90–91 exile of, 207, 240 FSB and, 166–67, 171 Georgian politics and, 209, 218, 231, 240–41 Krasnoyarsk aluminum production and, 120 Kursk incident and, 183, 187 Ostankino Tower fire and, 165–67 physical appearance of, 55, 113, 116, 168, 196, 198 position with LogoVAZ of, 24–25, 46, 55–56 position with ORT of, 55–56 Putin and, 147, 160, 167–69, 171, 181, 183, 209 Siberian trip of, 113–15, 118 Sibneft and, 75, 116 Unity Party and, 132–33 wealth of, 209, 240 Patrushev, Nikolai, 167 perestroika, 12–13, 16, 32, 186, 246 Presidential Club: Berezovsky and, 27–29, 31, 45, 52, 85 elections and, 85 Primokov, Yevgeny, 131 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 106–10, 191, 246 Abramovich and, 147, 174, 184, 187, 245, 248–49 as acting president, 140–41, 144 ascension to Kremlin of, 130–34, 142–43, 145, 161 background of, 107–8, 161 Berezovsky and, 106–7, 109–10, 125, 129–34, 141–48, 158–64, 167–68, 171–74, 181, 183–87, 192, 206–7, 209–11, 231, 245, 248, 250–51, 255–56, 261–62 Chechen conflicts and, 133–34, 141, 146 Family and, 107, 109, 130–31, 143 FSB and, 107–9, 124–25, 129–30, 141, 167, 173, 183 Gusinsky and, 146, 148, 167 KGB and, 107–8, 129, 133, 141, 143, 161, 167, 189 Kuntsevo meeting and, 5–7 Kursk incident and, 158–59, 161, 187 Litvinenko and, 106, 108, 110, 124–25, 129, 143–44, 189–90, 214–15, 217 Oligarchs and, 6–7, 144–48, 159, 163, 173 ORT and, 133–34, 144–45, 158–63, 167–68, 172, 183–85, 192, 248–49 Patarkatsishvili and, 147, 160, 167–69, 171, 181, 183, 209 physical appearance of, 5–6, 106, 144–45, 160 popularity of, 144–45, 172 presidential campaign of, 131–32, 134, 144–46, 160, 183, 189 tea invitation of, 148 Yeltsin and, 107, 109, 133, 140–41 R Red Directors, 13, 15, 91 krysha and, 24 Sibneft and, 73 roof, see krysha Rusal, 245 Russian Federation, 69, 107, 150–51, 198, 200–201, 204–5, 207–11, 217, 231, 254 advertising structure in, 53–54 and assassination of Listyev, 63–64 Berezovsky’s exile and, 245, 255–56 and Berezovsky’s suit against Abramovich, 244, 246, 250 Berezovsky’s TV interests and, 31, 172 business atmosphere in, 15–16, 20–22, 24, 28, 45, 71, 251 Chechen conflicts with, 33, 62, 96–97, 117–18, 129, 133–34, 141, 146, 229 and criminal allegations against Berezovsky, 259 cronyism in, 5 economy of, 14, 21–22, 33–34, 74–76, 82, 87, 132, 141, 144 elections in, 34, 49, 53, 72, 80–91, 96, 105, 118–19, 125, 128–29, 131–32, 134, 146 graft and corruption in, 5, 13, 33, 54, 58–59, 64, 72, 75–76, 81, 105–6, 110, 125, 251 Gusinsky’s TV station and, 33 Kursk incident and, 151, 162 Listyev’s fame and, 51–52 Litvinenko’s death and, 232 Litvinenko’s poisoning and, 227 Ostankino Tower fire and, 166 patronage in, 75 and planned assassination of Litvinenko, 215 political parties in, 132–35, 141, 145 Sibneft and, 72–73, 75–76 and symbolism of Ladas, 13 violence and crime in, 5, 15–17, 19–25, 60, 63–64 World Economic Forum and, 81–82 Russian Public Television, see ORT S Saakashvili, Mikheil, 209 St.

What Would Google Do? by Jeff Jarvis

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Anne Wojcicki, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, business process, call centre, carbon tax, cashless society, citizen journalism, clean water, commoditize, connected car, content marketing, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, death of newspapers, different worldview, disintermediation, diversified portfolio, don't be evil, Dunbar number, fake news, fear of failure, Firefox, future of journalism, G4S, Golden age of television, Google Earth, Googley, Howard Rheingold, informal economy, inventory management, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, moral hazard, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, old-boy network, PageRank, peer-to-peer lending, post scarcity, prediction markets, pre–internet, Ronald Coase, Salesforce, search inside the book, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Skype, social graph, social software, social web, spectrum auction, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, the long tail, the medium is the message, The Nature of the Firm, the payments system, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, web of trust, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, Zipcar

Every time someone says something good about you online because of your product, service, reputation, honesty, openness, or helpfulness, you should knock another dollar off your advertising budget. Will it ever get to zero? Only if you’re lucky. New Society Elegant organization Elegant organization I sat, dumbfounded, in an audience of executives at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum International Media Council in Davos, Switzerland, as the head of a powerful news organization begged young Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, for his secret. Please, the publisher beseeched him, how can my publication start a community like yours? We should own a community, shouldn’t we? Tell us how. Zuckerberg, 22 at the time, is a geek of few words.

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In any case, the magazine finally started. After an astounding $200 million investment—not all of it my fault—Entertainment Weekly became a franchise that brings in a few hundred million dollars a year. Innovation happens in spite of the structure of organizations. In 2008, I joined a seminar on innovation at the World Economic Forum at Davos. It was a highly formatted hour, with the entire room sitting in a circle (making the moderator dizzy). They had us write down the technology we loved most. Then we compared notes with a neighbor and came up with some neat invention out of this mashup. We heard a few cute ideas and then, thank goodness, a scientist in the room put a stop to it.

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Google will have the flexibility to put servers most anywhere on earth, expanding its reach (Google has even patented the idea of wave-powered, water-cooled server farms on platforms in oceans). And the company will get due credit for helping to save the planet. “Our primary goal is not to fix the world,” Larry Page has said. But wouldn’t that be a nice fringe benefit? At the World Economic Forum meeting at Davos in 2008, I attended a forum at which Google’s founders presented their energy vision and I came away with a sense of how they would manage other industries and even how they would run the government (more on that later). It gave me a window into the engineers’ worldview. Just before this Google.org forum, I had attended a session with Bono and former Vice President Al Gore.

China's Great Wall of Debt: Shadow Banks, Ghost Cities, Massive Loans, and the End of the Chinese Miracle by Dinny McMahon

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, bank run, business cycle, California gold rush, capital controls, crony capitalism, dark matter, Deng Xiaoping, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, eurozone crisis, financial innovation, fixed income, Gini coefficient, Global Witness, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, if you build it, they will come, income inequality, industrial robot, invisible hand, low interest rates, megacity, middle-income trap, military-industrial complex, money market fund, mortgage debt, new economy, peer-to-peer lending, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, short selling, Silicon Valley, subprime mortgage crisis, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, urban planning, working-age population, zero-sum game

“irrationally low prices”: David Hoffman and Andrew Polk, “The Long Soft Fall in Chinese Growth,” white paper, Conference Board, October 2014, https://www.conference-board.org/publications/publicationdetail.cfm?publicationid=2847&centerId=6. “protectionist tendencies”: “China at Davos.” 9. THE NEW NORMAL subprime mortgage crisis: “President Xi’s Speech to Davos in Full,” World Economic Forum, January 17, 2017, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/full-text-of-xi-jinping-keynote-at-the-world-economic-forum. aluminum, and nickel: Shaun Roche and Marina Rousset, “China: Credit, Collateral, and Commodity Prices,” Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research working paper no. 27, December 2015.

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Hanson, “The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper no. 21906, January 2016, http://www.nber.org/papers/w21906. “light and air”: “President Xi’s Speech to Davos in Full,” World Economic Forum, January 17, 2017, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/full-text-of-xi-jinping-keynote-at-the-world-economic-forum. from the year before: “China ‘Highly Alert’ of Overcapacity in Robotics: Regulator,” Xinhuanet, March 11, 2017, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/11/c_136120523.htm. “expanding,” he said: “工信部副部长辛国斌：机器人已有投资过剩隐忧” [Deputy Minister of Industry and Information Xin Guobin: Robots already facing overinvestment problems], Sina, June 16, 2016, http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/gncj/2016-06-16/doc-ifxtfrrc3709815.shtml.

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Supply-side reform requires shutting down surplus factories, and opening new factories for things China needs but simply doesn’t currently make. Xi’s vision is perhaps best encapsulated by the example of the ballpoint pen. China makes 80% of the world’s pens, producing about thirty-eight billion a year, yet, according to Premier Li Keqiang, none of them are up to snuff. While attending the 2015 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Premier Li purportedly enjoyed using Swiss ballpoint pens so much that, when he returned to China, he went looking for an explanation as to “why China can’t produce a pen that writes as smoothly and easily.” The key to producing a quality ballpoint pen is the tiny ball bearing fitted into the pen’s nib.

Global Financial Crisis by Noah Berlatsky

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alan Greenspan, asset-backed security, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Bretton Woods, capital controls, Celtic Tiger, centre right, circulation of elites, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, corporate raider, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, deindustrialization, Doha Development Round, energy security, eurozone crisis, financial innovation, Food sovereignty, George Akerlof, Glass-Steagall Act, God and Mammon, Gordon Gekko, housing crisis, illegal immigration, income inequality, low interest rates, market bubble, market fundamentalism, mass immigration, Money creation, moral hazard, new economy, Northern Rock, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, reserve currency, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, shareholder value, social contagion, South China Sea, structural adjustment programs, subprime mortgage crisis, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transfer pricing, working poor

T he premiers of China and Russia accused America of sparking the economic crisis as the Davos [Switzerland] political and business summit made a gloomy start. Wen Jiabao and Vladimir Putin [the premiers of China and Russia, respectively] both blamed “capitalist excesses” for Jenny Booth, “China and Russia Blame US for Financial Crisis,” Times Online, January 29, 2009. Copyright © 2009 Times Newspapers Ltd. Reproduced by permission. 22 Causes of the Global Financial Crisis the global downturn, as one followed the other to the podium at the opening of the World Economic Forum last night [January 2009]. American Policies Were Reckless The Chinese premier began with a speech asserting that the worst recession since the Great Depression had been caused by blind pursuit of profit.

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These are disconcerting numbers, especially for Brown’s Labour party, which almost kicked the prime minister out of office last summer. Coming to grips with the public’s growing anger will be one of the prime minister’s most important tasks. Although Brown’s smart, academic analyses against protectionism are impressive to listeners in places like Davos [Switzerland, site of the World Economic Forum], the premier is increasingly alienating concerned traditional voters like the folks in Lincolnshire. In better times, for example, the strike in front of the Lincolnshire refinery would have elicited nothing but a shrug from most British workers. The operator of the plant, the 113 The Global Financial Crisis French energy company Total, had wanted to use 300 skilled workers from Italy and Portugal, provided by an Italian subcontractor, for a construction project.

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See Derivatives Credit markets bubble/freezes, 34–35, 208, 211, 212 securitization’s effects, 56, 82, 89–90 Credit ratings, national, 94, 95, 100 Credit risks, 17, 28 See also Derivatives Currency instability, 59–64, 103, 106, 118 Czech Republic, 99 D Daremblum, Jaime, 180–185 Darling, Alistair, 113, 222 David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, 158 Davos, Switzerland World Economic Forum, 2009, 22–26, 113 Debt relief, 193, 198–199 Defaults, mortgages, 34 Deflation Europe, 97–98, 99 Federal Reserve avoidance measures, 41 Japan, 209, 215 Dembele, Demba Moussa, 186– 200 Denmark, 95 Dennis, Felix, 60 251 The Global Financial Crisis Deposit insurance, 150, 154, 208– 209, 213, 214, 229 Deposit Insurance Corporation of Japan, 208–209, 210, 218 Deposits.

Twilight of the Elites: America After Meritocracy by Chris Hayes

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, "World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, asset-backed security, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, carried interest, circulation of elites, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, dark matter, David Brooks, David Graeber, deindustrialization, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, fixed income, full employment, George Akerlof, Gunnar Myrdal, hiring and firing, income inequality, Jane Jacobs, jimmy wales, Julian Assange, Kenneth Arrow, Mark Zuckerberg, mass affluent, mass incarceration, means of production, meritocracy, meta-analysis, military-industrial complex, money market fund, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, Nate Silver, peak oil, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-truth, radical decentralization, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rolodex, Savings and loan crisis, The Spirit Level, too big to fail, University of East Anglia, Vilfredo Pareto, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce

“Go all the way back to Sumerian civilization,” Bill Clinton instructed a crowd of global jet-setters at the 2011 World Economic Forum in Davos, “and you’ll see that every successful civilization builds institutions that work, that lift people up and reward people for their greatness. Then, if you look at every one of those civilizations, all those institutions that benefited people get long in the tooth. They get creaky. The people ruling them become more interested in holding on to power than the purpose they were designed for. That’s where we are now in the public and private sector.” The Davos crowd seemed unmoved by this rare dose of honesty. But then, the mood of Davos that year was a strange mix of cluelessness, self-importance, and repressed shame.

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The successful overachiever can only enjoy the perks of his relatively exalted status long enough to realize that there’s an entire world of heretofore unseen perks, power, and status that’s suddenly come within view and yet remains out of reach. I caught a glimpse of this in 2011 when I attended the Davos World Economic Forum, the annual gathering of the global ruling class that takes place each January in Switzerland. When you arrive in the Zurich airport, your first instinct is to feel a bit of satisfaction that you are one of the elect few chosen to hobnob with the most powerful people on earth. Airport signs welcome and direct you to a special booth where exceedingly polite staff give you a ticket for a free shuttle bus that will drive you the two hours to the small ski-resort town in the Alps.

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But you can’t help but notice that other guests, the ones who landed on the same plane but who were sitting in first class, are being greeted by an army of attractive red-coated escorts who help them with their bags before whisking them off in gleaming black Mercedes S-Class sedans for the two-hour drive. Suddenly your perspective shifts. At first you had viewed yourself as special and distinct from all those poor saps who would never be allowed into the inner sanctum of global power that is the World Economic Forum. But now you realize that, in the context of Davos attendees, you are a member of the unwashed masses, crammed into a bus like so much coach chattel. And while you’re having this realization, those same special VIPs whom you’ve quickly come to envy are enjoying their ride inside their plush leather confines. But later that night they will find out over cocktails that those who are the true insiders don’t fly on commercial flights into Zurich, they take private jets and then transfer to helicopters, which make the trip from Zurich in about thirty minutes and feature breathtaking views of the Alps.

Futureproof: 9 Rules for Humans in the Age of Automation by Kevin Roose

"World Economic Forum" Davos, adjacent possible, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, algorithmic management, Alvin Toffler, Amazon Web Services, Atul Gawande, augmented reality, automated trading system, basic income, Bayesian statistics, Big Tech, big-box store, Black Lives Matter, business process, call centre, choice architecture, coronavirus, COVID-19, data science, deep learning, deepfake, DeepMind, disinformation, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, factory automation, fake news, fault tolerance, Frederick Winslow Taylor, Freestyle chess, future of work, Future Shock, Geoffrey Hinton, George Floyd, gig economy, Google Hangouts, GPT-3, hiring and firing, hustle culture, hype cycle, income inequality, industrial robot, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Markoff, Kevin Roose, knowledge worker, Kodak vs Instagram, labor-force participation, lockdown, Lyft, mandatory minimum, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Narrative Science, new economy, Norbert Wiener, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, off-the-grid, OpenAI, pattern recognition, planetary scale, plutocrats, Productivity paradox, QAnon, recommendation engine, remote working, risk tolerance, robotic process automation, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, social distancing, Steve Jobs, Stuart Kauffman, surveillance capitalism, tech worker, The Future of Employment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, work culture

But they all knew that there would be victims. None of them were under the impression that AI and automation will be good for everyone, and nobody was even considering pumping the brakes. I got my first glimpse of this other automation conversation during the World Economic Forum, an annual conference held in Davos, Switzerland. Davos bills itself as a high-minded confab where global elites gather to discuss the world’s most pressing problems, but in reality it’s more like the Coachella of capitalism—a beyond-satire boondoggle where plutocrats, politicians, and do-gooder celebrities come to see and be seen.

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Goodman, “The Robots Are Coming, and Sweden Is Fine,” New York Times, December 27, 2017. Some leaders, including Bill Gates and New York City mayor Bill DeBlasio Richard Rubin, “The Robot Tax Debate Heats Up,” Wall Street Journal, January 8, 2020. A 2019 report by the World Economic Forum “Towards a Reskilling Revolution: Industry-Led Action for the Future of Work,” World Economic Forum, January 22, 2019. Airbnb…was forced to lay off 25 percent of its staff Erin Griffith, “Airbnb Was Like a Family. Until the Layoffs Started,” New York Times, July 17, 2020. Executives from Accenture Sarah Fielding, “Accenture and Verizon Lead Collaborative Effort to Help Furloughed or Laid-Off Workers Find a New Job,” Fortune, April 14, 2020.

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But there is little evidence, so far, that these programs actually work at scale. Many companies find it easier to hire new employees than retrain existing ones, and some in-demand skills, such as data science, require specialized knowledge that can’t be taught in a six-week seminar. A 2019 report by the World Economic Forum estimated that of the workers who will be fully displaced by automation in the next decade, only one in four can be successfully reskilled by private-sector programs. Personally, I’m skeptical that the private sector will save us from a problem it is helping to cause. I’d favor a UBI-style plan coupled with Medicare for All and generous unemployment benefits for workers who are displaced by automation, similar to how the federal government stepped in with emergency cash transfers during the Covid-19 pandemic.

How to Run the World: Charting a Course to the Next Renaissance by Parag Khanna

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, Asian financial crisis, back-to-the-land, bank run, blood diamond, Bob Geldof, borderless world, BRICs, British Empire, call centre, carbon footprint, carbon tax, charter city, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, commoditize, congestion pricing, continuation of politics by other means, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, don't be evil, double entry bookkeeping, energy security, European colonialism, export processing zone, facts on the ground, failed state, financial engineering, friendly fire, global village, Global Witness, Google Earth, high net worth, high-speed rail, index fund, informal economy, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, laissez-faire capitalism, Live Aid, Masdar, mass immigration, megacity, Michael Shellenberger, microcredit, military-industrial complex, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, no-fly zone, off grid, offshore financial centre, oil shock, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), open economy, out of africa, Parag Khanna, private military company, Productivity paradox, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, reserve currency, Salesforce, Silicon Valley, smart grid, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, special economic zone, sustainable-tourism, Ted Nordhaus, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The Wisdom of Crowds, too big to fail, trade liberalization, trickle-down economics, UNCLOS, uranium enrichment, Washington Consensus, X Prize

Or maybe a new and more exclusive G-8 will form, kicking marginal members, such as Argentina and Italy, out of the larger group. Still, as we experiment with the G-20 and push leading nations to focus on coordination rather than communiqués, the global diplomatic system will evolve—and so will we. Who Has the Money Makes the Rules At the World Economic Forum’s 2009 Davos meeting, Chinese premier Wen Jiabao succinctly articulated what became the dominant narrative of the global financial crisis, claiming it had its roots in an “unsustainable model of development characterized by prolonged low savings and high consumption” and the “blind pursuit of profits.”

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The largest humanitarian NGOs (whose annual giving exceeds $20 billion) have teamed with Microsoft in an “NGO Connection” platform to assist them in compiling and sharing best practices. This kind of interoperability planning is what we typically expect from members of the NATO alliance—now anyone can do it. Flash Diplomacy: The World Economic Forum On a typically sunny day in the Persian Gulf emirate of Dubai, more than one thousand men and women gathered for anything but a day at the beach. All top figures in their fields, they were convened by the World Economic Forum (WEF) for a “Summit on the Global Agenda,” lending their minds to what the BBC’s Nik Gowing dubbed a “fundamental reboot” of global problem solving. But rather than formulating extravagant proposals, they huddled in “Global Agenda Councils” to perform mental brain dumps, sharing the latest thinking on alternative energy, food security, Mideast peace, financial risk, social entrepreneurship, biodiversity, trade liberalization, and dozens of other issues.

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The New Middle Ages The New Rules of the Game Generation Y Geopolitics Chapter Two The New Diplomats From Model United Nations to Model Medievalism The Seven Habits of Highly Effective Diplomats America’s “Diplomacy in Action” Celebrity Diplomats: Does Life Imitate Art? Stateless Statesmen and Super-NGOs Flash Diplomacy: The World Economic Forum The Broker: The Clinton Global Initiative Chapter Three The (Fill-in-the-Blank) Consensus “Twenty HUBS and No HQ” Who Has the Money Makes the Rules Public and Private Part Two SAVING US FROM OURSELVES Chapter Four Peace Without War A World of Complexes Can an Oxymoron Stop a War?

Survival of the Richest: Escape Fantasies of the Tech Billionaires by Douglas Rushkoff

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Andrew Keen, AOL-Time Warner, artificial general intelligence, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, basic income, behavioural economics, Big Tech, biodiversity loss, Biosphere 2, bitcoin, blockchain, Boston Dynamics, Burning Man, buy low sell high, Californian Ideology, carbon credits, carbon footprint, circular economy, clean water, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, CRISPR, data science, David Graeber, DeepMind, degrowth, Demis Hassabis, deplatforming, digital capitalism, digital map, disinformation, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, European colonialism, Evgeny Morozov, Extinction Rebellion, Fairphone, fake news, Filter Bubble, game design, gamification, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global pandemic, Google bus, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, Haight Ashbury, hockey-stick growth, Howard Rheingold, if you build it, they will come, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, job automation, John Nash: game theory, John Perry Barlow, Joseph Schumpeter, Just-in-time delivery, liberal capitalism, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, megaproject, meme stock, mental accounting, Michael Milken, microplastics / micro fibres, military-industrial complex, Minecraft, mirror neurons, move fast and break things, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, Norbert Wiener, Oculus Rift, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), operational security, Patri Friedman, pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, Plato's cave, Ponzi scheme, profit motive, QAnon, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Sam Altman, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, SimCity, Singularitarianism, Skinner box, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, surveillance capitalism, tech billionaire, tech bro, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, Ted Nelson, TED Talk, the medium is the message, theory of mind, TikTok, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, universal basic income, urban renewal, warehouse robotics, We are as Gods, WeWork, Whole Earth Catalog, work culture , working poor

On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.” Government was the enemy, and had to be kept from exercising its authority over this new collective project of humankind. Most of us missed the signature line at the end, “Davos, Switzerland, February 8, 1996”—the time and place of the famous World Economic Forum, ground zero for global capitalism. Deregulation sounded good at the time. We were just ravers and cyberpunks, paranoid about the government arresting us for drugs. We knew John Barlow as the freewheeling Grateful Dead lyricist—not in his earlier role as the libertarian who ran Dick Cheney’s congressional campaign.

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You can monopolize, but you can’t escape. 11 The Mindset in the Mirror RESISTANCE IS FUTILE T he greatest danger to the holders of The Mindset would be for us to really listen to what they’re telling us and react accordingly. In the techno-utopian fantasies they share from TED stages, Davos podiums, and Silicon Valley pitch decks, we human beings are regarded as little more than iron filings flying back and forth between the magnetic poles set up by the rich and powerful, mostly in an effort to keep us from impinging on their lifestyles. How can anyone listen to World Economic Forum founder Klaus Schwab’s vision for a Great Reset without getting the heebie-jeebies? His glossy brochures and high-budget videos depict a total solution for how the world’s biggest banks and corporations can employ automation to fix joblessness, mass surveillance to solve immigration, biometric tracking to ensure global health, sensor networks to upgrade agriculture, blockchains to wipe out slav ery, geo-engineering to remedy climate change, and capitalism to repair the extractive damage of, well, capitalism.

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Funded by billionaire Deadhead and early Facebook investor Roger McNamee, as well as a handful of other tech bros who are now feeling ashamed of themselves for the platforms they’ve built, it’s a well-intentioned but problematic effort. Red flags abound , from the Center’s association with the World Economic Forum Global AI Council to its willingness to accept social media companies’ claims about their technology’s power over us at face value. Further, many of these new tech reformers have yet to divest from their holdings in Google, Facebook, and others aiming at our brainstems—companies they now claim are “as big an existential threat to humanity as climate change.”

What's Next?: Unconventional Wisdom on the Future of the World Economy by David Hale, Lyric Hughes Hale

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, biodiversity loss, Black Swan, Bretton Woods, business cycle, capital controls, carbon credits, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, central bank independence, classic study, cognitive bias, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, debt deflation, declining real wages, deindustrialization, diversification, energy security, Erik Brynjolfsson, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, financial innovation, floating exchange rates, foreign exchange controls, full employment, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global macro, global reserve currency, global village, high net worth, high-speed rail, Home mortgage interest deduction, housing crisis, index fund, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inverted yield curve, invisible hand, Just-in-time delivery, Kenneth Rogoff, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Wolf, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, mortgage tax deduction, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, open economy, passive investing, payday loans, peak oil, Ponzi scheme, post-oil, precautionary principle, price stability, private sector deleveraging, proprietary trading, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, regulatory arbitrage, rent-seeking, reserve currency, Richard Thaler, risk/return, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, subprime mortgage crisis, technology bubble, The Great Moderation, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Tobin tax, too big to fail, total factor productivity, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, Washington Consensus, Westphalian system, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, yield curve

The goal of this compendium is to provide original insights from a diverse mixture of independent analysts and forecasters. The contributors include the founder of the Hong Kong currency board, the former prime minister of Peru, the former research director of the central bank of Botswana, the founder of a Mexican fund management group, economic analysts in Hong Kong, a former director of the Davos World Economic Forum, and many other distinguished authors. There are certain issues that loom large in the intermediate-term outlook. Will the recovery in US final demand be sustained? Can Chinese microeconomic policy support high growth for another year? How will European countries such as Britain cope with dramatic fiscal tightening?

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In 1989, he consolidated his power by successively jailing Joaquín Hernández Galicia (“La Quina”), the leader of the oil workers’ union, and Eduardo Legorreta, one of the most prominent brokers in Mexico. In January 1990, following the collapse of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, Salinas realized at the World Economic Forum’s annual Davos meeting that he would have to compete with the newly liberated countries of Eastern Europe. Salinas ordered the beginning of negotiations toward a North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the reprivatization of the banking system. The banks were privatized between June 1991 and June 1992, and NAFTA was negotiated at a breakneck pace and approved by the US Congress in November 1993, with implementation of the agreement beginning on January 1, 1994.

…

On four occasions while I was working at the World Economic Forum in 2006, I gathered a group of economists, prominent investment bankers, and insurers to brainstorm about the impending risks that could derail the “Goldilocks scenario” that then prevailed. The disconnect between the concerns and warnings of the economists—among them Roubini Global Economics’ Nouriel Roubini and David Rosenberg, then with Merrill Lynch—and the indestructible optimism of the investment bankers and insurers was startling. This series of meetings subsequently led to a session at Davos in January 2007 aptly titled “Housing Deflation: What’s the Hissing Sound?”

Fortunes of Change: The Rise of the Liberal Rich and the Remaking of America by David Callahan

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Albert Einstein, American Legislative Exchange Council, An Inconvenient Truth, automated trading system, benefit corporation, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Bonfire of the Vanities, book value, carbon credits, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Carl Icahn, carried interest, clean water, corporate social responsibility, David Brooks, demographic transition, desegregation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Edward Thorp, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial independence, global village, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Herbert Marcuse, high net worth, income inequality, Irwin Jacobs: Qualcomm, Jeff Bezos, John Bogle, John Markoff, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, medical malpractice, mega-rich, Mitch Kapor, Naomi Klein, NetJets, new economy, offshore financial centre, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, power law, profit maximization, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, Ralph Nader, Renaissance Technologies, Richard Florida, Robert Bork, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, school vouchers, short selling, Silicon Valley, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, stem cell, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, systematic bias, systems thinking, unpaid internship, Upton Sinclair, Vanguard fund, War on Poverty, working poor, World Values Survey

Since Gates began to ramp up his giving, the topics of global health and poverty have gone from the margins of elite conversation to its center. Just look at Davos, where Gates has been a fixture for years. It used to be—before Angelina Jolie showed up—that the World Economic Forum was a venue for neoliberal scheming by business and government leaders. The antiglobalization left so demonized Davos that it repeatedly tried to shut the forum down with protests and created its own global conference, the World Social Forum, to counter Davos’s insidious influence. A funny thing has happened in the last few years, however: Davos is no longer simply a pep rally for global capitalism; it is now also a pep rally for global humanitarianism.

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bnotes.indd 298 5/11/10 6:29:34 AM notes to pages 111–127 299 3. Michelle O’Keeffe, “Computer Millionaire Helps Just a Little Byte,” Sunday Mirror, September 15, 2002. 4. Nicole Lewis, “The Audacity of Hope,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, February 22, 2007. 5. Ibid. 6. “Bill Gates—2002 World Economic Forum,” www.gatesfoundation .org/speeches-commentary/Pages/bill-gates-2002-world-economic-forum .aspx. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. 10. “Remarks by Bill Gates: Global Foundation Address, September 12, 2000,” www.gatesfoundation.org/speeches-commentary/Pages/billgates-2000-global-foundation.aspx. 11. “William J. Brennan, Jr., Defense of Freedom Award Recipient, 2004,” Media Law Resource Center, 2004. 12.

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By 2008, he had come to believe that free markets had fundamentally failed to meet the basic needs of people at the bottom of the global income ladder. To raise up the lives of the poor and truly conquer dread diseases, he believed that a new kind of capitalism would be needed. Gates put forth this thesis during a keynote address at the 2008 meeting of the World Economic Forum, long a venue for celebrating the market’s virtues. Gates told the assembled crowd of luminaries that capitalism was a great system—except for poor people who don’t have any money. The market had plenty of incentives to address problems that rich people worried about—for instance, finding a cure to baldness—but there were no incentives to tackle the problems that plagued the poor, such as finding a vaccine for malaria.

Better, Stronger, Faster: The Myth of American Decline . . . And the Rise of a New Economy by Daniel Gross

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, asset-backed security, Bakken shale, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, carbon tax, Carmen Reinhart, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, commoditize, congestion pricing, creative destruction, credit crunch, currency manipulation / currency intervention, demand response, Donald Trump, financial engineering, Frederick Winslow Taylor, high net worth, high-speed rail, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, If something cannot go on forever, it will stop - Herbert Stein's Law, illegal immigration, index fund, intangible asset, intermodal, inventory management, Kenneth Rogoff, labor-force participation, LNG terminal, low interest rates, low skilled workers, man camp, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, Mary Meeker, Maui Hawaii, McMansion, money market fund, mortgage debt, Network effects, new economy, obamacare, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, peak oil, plutocrats, price stability, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, reserve currency, reshoring, Richard Florida, rising living standards, risk tolerance, risk/return, scientific management, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, six sigma, Skype, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Jobs, superstar cities, the High Line, transit-oriented development, Wall-E, Yogi Berra, zero-sum game, Zipcar

They have proven able to build ideas to scale and to plug into financial, trading, investing, and consumer systems that can supercharge growth. CHAPTER 13 Supersize Nation: Scale, Scope, and Systems At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in January 2010, the world’s good and great gathered to observe and meditate (yet again) on the demise of America as a vital economic force. But in the space of a couple of hours toward the end of the confab, I experienced a set of revelations that set me thinking that the Davos consensus was wrong yet again. First, I stopped by the annual Friday night Shabbat dinner, the trifecta of bad food: Swiss, institutional, and kosher.

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An NBC/Wall Street Journal poll conducted in September 2010 found that 61 percent of Americans believed the country was in a state of decline and that only 27 percent were confident their children’s future standard of living would be better than their own. Americans who ventured abroad after the Great Panic of 2008 suffered a series of insults and pokes in the eye. At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in January 2010, amid the panels on climate change, green technology, and the need to reimagine capitalism, American voices were conspicuous by their absence. The United States, which had once dominated the forum, occupied negative space in the multilevel Kongresszentrum.

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Thanks to Susan Kreifels at the East-West Center in Honolulu for including me in the 2009 Japan exchange; to Alison Bradley and Zhen He, intrepid guides and wranglers for two China-U.S. Exchange Foundation fellowships, in 2009 and 2011; to Will Bohlen and Randy Soderquist of the German Marshall Fund of the United States, with whom I traveled to South Africa, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Adrian Monck and Kai Bucher at the World Economic Forum have made it possible for me to attend many extremely useful events. Dean Vance Roley hosted me for a very fruitful week at the University of Hawaii Shidler School of Business. I also spent a week in the fall of 2011 at the Hoover Institution, collecting thoughts and writing, and wondering why I shouldn’t move to northern California.

No Such Thing as a Free Gift: The Gates Foundation and the Price of Philanthropy by Linsey McGoey

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, American Legislative Exchange Council, Bear Stearns, bitcoin, Bob Geldof, cashless society, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, crony capitalism, effective altruism, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, financial innovation, Food sovereignty, Ford paid five dollars a day, germ theory of disease, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, impact investing, income inequality, income per capita, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, John Elkington, Joseph Schumpeter, Leo Hollis, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, microcredit, Mitch Kapor, Mont Pelerin Society, Naomi Klein, Neil Armstrong, obamacare, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, price mechanism, profit motive, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, school choice, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, Steve Jobs, strikebreaker, subprime mortgage crisis, tacit knowledge, technological solutionism, TED Talk, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, trickle-down economics, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois, wealth creators

The idea reportedly hit him in Davos, at a meeting of the World Economic Forum, while billionaires and heads of state lingered for a chance to shake Clinton’s hand. Eying the queues of adoring fans, Band realized that Clinton’s star power could be leveraged for philanthropic good – albeit not in the traditional way. Established in 2001, Clinton’s philanthropic foundation was already up and running. The William J. Clinton Foundation dispensed money to numerous causes, with a focus on global health and economic development. Band’s idea was something new. He saw the need for an annual event, similar to Davos, which could bring powerful elites into contact with each other to forge ‘partnerships’ aimed at solving global problems.

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What’s remarkable about this belief is its resilience at a time when the recent subprime mortgage crisis seemed poised to douse the enthusiasm of social entrepreneurship champions – a resilience that surprised even staffers at places like the World Economic Forum. In March 2009 I sat in the WEF’s Geneva office with a WEF policy advisor. ‘When this crisis hit last autumn’, she said, ‘I [thought] that’s going to impact us a lot because no one is going to want to send a CEO for five days or four days in this time of crisis’. She was relieved when the 2009 forum had a ‘record attendance … I was really happy because the forum wants to be a neutral platform where discussions are held at a high level … in times of crisis, we want to be even more useful. And this is exactly what we proved with Davos this year’. The value of pro-market solutions particularly during times of economic catastrophe has been one of the most common themes to emerge out of the 2008 collapse, a crisis which initially led to questions over whether the private sector was, as Georgia Keohane writes, ‘the best exemplar of corporate governance, accountability, or long-term investment savvy’.39 At the 2009 Skoll World Forum, just months after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns, there was very little acknowledgement of the role that business played in destabilizing markets.

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Since 2003, the Skoll World Forum has become a flagship event on the social entrepreneur’s annual calendar – as hotly anticipated by some as it is unknown to those struggling to understand what a social entrepreneur is, let alone realize there’s a conference complete with its own fringe festival, the ‘Oxford Jam’ – an opportunity, the 2011 Skoll conference programme promises, for late-night networking and cabaret performances. Alongside Skoll and the World Economic Forum, there are smaller events such as Hedgestock – a 2006 gathering in Knebworth, Hertfordshire, where 4,000 hedge fund managers paid £500 per head to network in open pastures flanked by market stalls selling tailor-made golf clubs and holiday homes in Europe. The recent financial crisis hit some attendees harder than others.

Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think by Hans Rosling, Ola Rosling, Anna Rosling Rönnlund

"World Economic Forum" Davos, animal electricity, clean water, colonial rule, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, fake news, first square of the chessboard, first square of the chessboard / second half of the chessboard, global pandemic, Hans Rosling, illegal immigration, income inequality, income per capita, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), jimmy wales, linked data, lone genius, microcredit, purchasing power parity, revenue passenger mile, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Steven Pinker, systems thinking, TED Talk, Thomas L Friedman, Walter Mischel

“Rise of the West: Manuscripts and Printed Books in Europe: A long-term perspective from the sixth through eighteenth centuries.” Journal of Economic History 69, no. 2 (February 2009): 409–45. gapm.io/xriwe. van Zanden[3], van Zanden, Jan Luiten, et al., eds. How Was Life? Global Well-Being Since 1820. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2014. gapm.io/x-zanoecd. WEF (World Economic Forum). “Davos 2015—Sustainable Development: Demystifying the Facts.” Filmed Davos, Switzerland, January 2015. WEF video, 15:42. Link to 5 minutes 18 seconds into the presentation, when Hans show the audience results: https://youtu.be/3pVlaEbpJ7k?t=5m18s. White[1]. White, Matthew. The Great Big Book of Horrible Things. New York: W.W.

…

Could the media be to blame? Of course I thought about that. But it wasn’t the answer. Sure, the media plays a role, and I discuss that later, but we must not make them into a pantomime villain. We cannot just shout “boo, hiss” at the media. I had a defining moment in January 2015, at the World Economic Forum in the small and fashionable Swiss town of Davos. One thousand of the world’s most powerful and influential political and business leaders, entrepreneurs, researchers, activists, journalists, and even many high-ranking UN officials had queued for seats at the forum’s main session on socioeconomic and sustainable development, featuring me, and Bill and Melinda Gates.

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Per Person “The forecasts show that it is China, India, and the other emerging economies that are increasing their carbon dioxide emissions at a speed that will cause dangerous climate change. In fact, China already emits more CO2 than the USA, and India already emits more than Germany.” This outspoken statement came from an environment minister from a European Union country who was part of a panel discussing climate change at the World Economic Forum in Davos in January 2007. He made his attribution of blame in a neutral tone of voice, as if he were stating a self-evident fact. Had he been watching the faces of the Chinese and Indian panel members he would have realized that his view was not self-evident at all. The Chinese expert looked angry but continued to stare straight ahead.

The Enablers: How the West Supports Kleptocrats and Corruption - Endangering Our Democracy by Frank Vogl

"World Economic Forum" Davos, active measures, Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, bank run, Bear Stearns, Bernie Sanders, blood diamond, Brexit referendum, Carmen Reinhart, centre right, corporate governance, COVID-19, crony capitalism, cryptocurrency, Donald Trump, F. W. de Klerk, failed state, Global Witness, Greensill Capital, income inequality, information security, joint-stock company, London Interbank Offered Rate, Londongrad, low interest rates, market clearing, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, profit maximization, quantitative easing, Renaissance Technologies, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, stock buybacks, too big to fail, WikiLeaks

—New Year’s address,1 January 1990, by Vaclav Havel, the new president of Czechoslovakia (following forty years of Communist Party/Soviet-controlled rule of his country) FLASHBACK TO JANUARY 1990 In late January 1990, I was in Davos, Switzerland, to witness a remarkable event. Six middle-aged men wearing ill-fitting business suits gathered on the stage. They looked almost as bewildered as the large audience of leaders of Western capitalism before them. The men on the stage did not know each other, yet they had a great deal in common. The venue was the annual World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland—the meeting of the chief executives of the world’s largest corporations, tycoons of finance, and power brokers in global investment.

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With the benefit of hindsight and given his profound understanding of politics and finance, it remains surprising to me that actions done on his watch, and by his immediate successors, should do so much to damage the health of his bank, and more broadly the reputation of German banking.21 Whether as head of Germany’s biggest bank, as chairman of the IIF, as President of the trustees of the World Economic Forum, which runs the annual Davos, Switzerland, gathering of the world’s business leaders, or as a board director of such enterprises as Siemens and Royal Dutch Shell, Ackermann was constantly building his personal network. The global range of his contacts in business and politics helped him to keep expanding Deutsche Bank’s businesses.

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This total exceeds the 2019 fiscal year budget for the US Navy, Marine Corps, Army, and Air Force combined; it is considerably more than the annual sales of Amazon; and it is even greater than the total annual sales of the world’s largest retailer, Walmart,2 and Walmart accounts for 10 percent of all US consumer spending. United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres has stated that across the world: “One trillion dollars are paid in bribes annually, while another $2.6 trillion are stolen; all due to corruption.”3 Striving to place the costs of corruption in more human terms, just consider that the World Economic Forum has pointed out that the United Nations has estimated that by investing $116 billion a year—a drop in the ocean compared to the trillions wasted on corruption—we could wipe out hunger in a little over a decade.4 Economists at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have estimated that global corruption costs 1.5 to 2 percent of global GDP5 and that the costs of corruption are upwards of $1.5 trillion to $2 trillion annually.6 The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reported that 57 percent of foreign bribery cases prosecuted under the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention involved bribes to obtain public contracts.7 According to a 2013 EU Eurobarometer survey, more than 30 percent of companies participating in EU public procurement say corruption prevented them from winning a contract.

Zucked: Waking Up to the Facebook Catastrophe by Roger McNamee

"Susan Fowler" uber, "World Economic Forum" Davos, 4chan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic trading, AltaVista, Amazon Web Services, Andy Rubin, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Bill Atkinson, Black Lives Matter, Boycotts of Israel, Brexit referendum, Cambridge Analytica, carbon credits, Cass Sunstein, cloud computing, computer age, cross-subsidies, dark pattern, data is the new oil, data science, disinformation, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Elon Musk, fake news, false flag, Filter Bubble, game design, growth hacking, Ian Bogost, income inequality, information security, Internet of things, It's morning again in America, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, laissez-faire capitalism, Lean Startup, light touch regulation, Lyft, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, Max Levchin, Menlo Park, messenger bag, Metcalfe’s law, minimum viable product, Mother of all demos, move fast and break things, Network effects, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), PalmPilot, paypal mafia, Peter Thiel, pets.com, post-work, profit maximization, profit motive, race to the bottom, recommendation engine, Robert Mercer, Ronald Reagan, Russian election interference, Sand Hill Road, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Snapchat, social graph, software is eating the world, Stephen Hawking, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The future is already here, Tim Cook: Apple, two-sided market, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, Upton Sinclair, vertical integration, WikiLeaks, Yom Kippur War

Thank you for buying an authorized edition of this book and for complying with copyright laws by not reproducing, scanning, or distributing any part of it in any form without permission. You are supporting writers and allowing Penguin to continue to publish books for every reader. “The Current Moment in History,” remarks by George Soros delivered at the World Economic Forum meeting, Davos, Switzerland, January 25, 2018. Reprinted by permission of George Soros. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Names: McNamee, Roger, author. Title: Zucked : waking up to the facebook catastrophe / Roger McNamee. Description: New York : Penguin Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

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In my years in the investment business, there were a handful of people whose brilliance dazzled me, and George Soros was one. In an email, Soros’s colleague Michael Vachon explained that Soros had read my Washington Monthly essay and liked it so much he planned to use it as the frame for a speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos on January 25. Would I be willing to meet with Mr. Soros to help him write the speech? I certainly would. We agreed to meet at the end of the week. That same day, I called my friend Chris Kelly, the former chief privacy officer of Facebook, who had originally introduced me to Zuck.

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My thanks go to Noah Stein and his terrific colleagues. Thank you to William Schultz and Andrew Goldfarb for great legal advice. Thank you to Erin McKean for helping me see how the changing perception of Facebook reveals itself in language. I owe huge thanks to George and Tamiko Soros. George based a speech at the World Economic Forum’s Davos conference on my Washington Monthly essay and introduced me to an amazing set of ideas and people. Michael Vachon, in particular, has earned my thanks. One of the most impressive people I met on this journey is Marietje Schaake, a member of the European Parliament from the Netherlands.

Grave New World: The End of Globalization, the Return of History by Stephen D. King

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 9 dash line, Admiral Zheng, air freight, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Asian financial crisis, bank run, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bilateral investment treaty, bitcoin, blockchain, Bonfire of the Vanities, borderless world, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, British Empire, business cycle, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, corporate governance, credit crunch, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, currency risk, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, eurozone crisis, facts on the ground, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, falling living standards, floating exchange rates, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, George Akerlof, global supply chain, global value chain, Global Witness, Great Leap Forward, hydraulic fracturing, Hyman Minsky, imperial preference, income inequality, income per capita, incomplete markets, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jeremy Corbyn, joint-stock company, Kickstarter, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, middle-income trap, moral hazard, Nixon shock, offshore financial centre, oil shock, old age dependency ratio, paradox of thrift, Peace of Westphalia, plutocrats, post-truth, price stability, profit maximization, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, reserve currency, reshoring, rising living standards, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, Scramble for Africa, Second Machine Age, Skype, South China Sea, special drawing rights, technology bubble, The Great Moderation, The Market for Lemons, the market place, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, trade liberalization, trade route, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game

The human race had come out of darkness, fear and hate, but now it was moving forward and upward along a shining road toward a final state of understanding, inner illumination, goodness and happiness – and technology was the most useful vehicle for travelling that road. It turns out that the spirit of Davos at the World Economic Forum today is remarkably similar to the spirit of Davos before the First World War.2 SUPPORTERS, BENEFICIARIES AND DOUBTERS The problem with all these gatherings can be simply stated. Those who attend these forums are natural supporters of globalization for one simple reason: they are by far globalization’s biggest beneficiaries.

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The ‘public’ events at these meetings are mostly for show: the real action typically takes place behind the scenes in countless bilateral meetings. Of all these gatherings, however, perhaps the best-known – and possibly the most notorious – venue is Davos, the ski resort in Switzerland which, at the end of each January, hosts the World Economic Forum, a gathering of the great, the good and the not so good, with a handful of celebrities thrown in to spice up proceedings. Although it claims to address the big issues of the day, the all-encompassing ‘theme’ each year appears to be devoid of any real meaning: recent examples include ‘Responsive and Responsible Leadership’ (2017), ‘Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (2016), ‘The New Global Context’ (2015), ‘The Reshaping of the World’ (2014), ‘Resilient Dynamism’ (2013) and ‘The Great Transformation’ (2012).

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(i) West Bank (i) West Germany (i) see also Germany West Indians (i), (ii) Westphalia, Peace of (i) White, Harry Dexter (i), (ii), (iii)n4 WikiLeaks (i) Wilhelm I, Kaiser (i) Wilhelm II, Kaiser (i) William of Orange (i) Williamson, John (i)n3 Wilson, Woodrow (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) Wirtschaftswunder (i) Wizard of Oz, The (Victor Fleming) (i) Wolfe, Tom (i) World Bank Asian Development Bank and (i) creation of (i), (ii) limitations (i) meetings (i) Millennium Development Goal (i) World Economic Forum (i), (ii) World Trade Organization (WTO) early failure (i) GATT and (i) GOFF and (i) opposition to (i) poorest countries and (i) possible undermining of (i) tobacco companies and (i) Wrocław (i) Xi Jinping (i), (ii) Xiongnu (i) Yamaichi (i) Yaroslavsky (i) Yemen (i), (ii) Yiwu (i) Yom Kippur War (i) Yorubas (i) Yugoslavia (i), (ii) Yunnan province (China) (i), (ii) Zheng, Admiral (i) Zollverein (i) Zoroastrianism (i) Zurich (i)

Wild Ride: Inside Uber's Quest for World Domination by Adam Lashinsky

"Susan Fowler" uber, "World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, always be closing, Amazon Web Services, asset light, autonomous vehicles, Ayatollah Khomeini, Benchmark Capital, business process, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, cognitive dissonance, corporate governance, DARPA: Urban Challenge, Didi Chuxing, Donald Trump, driverless car, Elon Musk, Erlich Bachman, gig economy, Golden Gate Park, Google X / Alphabet X, hustle culture, independent contractor, information retrieval, Jeff Bezos, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, megacity, Menlo Park, multilevel marketing, new economy, pattern recognition, price mechanism, public intellectual, reality distortion field, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, Sand Hill Road, self-driving car, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Snapchat, South of Market, San Francisco, sovereign wealth fund, statistical model, Steve Jobs, super pumped, TaskRabbit, tech worker, Tony Hsieh, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, turn-by-turn navigation, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, young professional

That January, despite running a two-person company that was perennially one step away from insolvency, he was invited to attend the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, as a “tech pioneer,” a kind of nonpaying attendee with glorified intern status at the prestigious schmoozefest. There he met with Paul Sagan, the CEO of Akamai. “He sought me out,” says Sagan. “He always assumed Akamai would buy his business.” Things were finally looking up for Red Swoosh. Kalanick says his agreement with AOL was “a breakthrough deal where they were going to pay over a million dollars a year for our services and I’d go from two people to something bigger.” But while Kalanick was in Davos, Michael Todd helped recruit Red Swoosh’s only employee, Evan Tsang, to Google.

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As acting CEO of the China entity, he often ended his day in San Francisco in the small hours of the night, on the phone with executives in Beijing. That June, the World Economic Forum invited Kalanick to be a cochair of its so-called New Champions meeting in Tianjin, a coastal city near Beijing. The meeting sought to recognize up-and-coming corporate leaders and was informally known as the “summer Davos.” The association resonated with Kalanick. Nearly a decade earlier, he’d been invited to Davos and was touched to find himself in such proximity to heads of state. “I remember trudging through the snow with the president of Kenya, which felt kind of cool,” he muses.

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All the travel from his home base in San Francisco is part of a money-draining and quixotic gambit to replicate the global success of Uber’s disruptive ride-hailing service in the world’s most populous country. Kalanick has spent the previous three days in Tianjin, a megacity on the Yellow Sea, two hours southeast of Beijing. There he was a cochair of the World Economic Forum’s (WEF) New Champions meeting, the so-called summer Davos. Weeks shy of his fortieth birthday, Kalanick was the toast of Tianjin, where he enjoyed the considerable fringe benefits of his newfound worldwide prominence. The California start-up he runs has been around a mere six years, yet at the off-season international gabfest he scored an audience with the second most powerful government official in China, Premier Li Keqiang.

Freezing Order: A True Story of Money Laundering, Murder, and Surviving Vladimir Putin's Wrath by Bill Browder

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, activist lawyer, Bellingcat, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bitcoin, Boris Johnson, Clive Stafford Smith, crowdsourcing, disinformation, Donald Trump, estate planning, fake news, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Nelson Mandela, Ponzi scheme, power law, Robert Bork, Ronald Reagan, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, Skype, Steve Bannon

I checked into the Hotel Concordia, a modest 3-star hotel near the conference center that charged an immodest 500 Swiss francs (about $520) a night for a cramped single with a shower. Even so, I was thrilled. The really unlucky Davos attendees get shunted into hotels in Klosters, the next town down the valley, and a 30-minute drive away. The official motto of the World Economic Forum is “Committed to Improving the State of the World,” but in reality, many attendees are billionaires, dictators, and Fortune 500 executives who have little interest in improving the state of the world. A few are interested in exactly the opposite. To justify their noble mission, the World Economic Forum regularly invites a handful of people who do take their motto to heart.

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But before sending it to a PO box in Bern and blindly hoping that someone there would read and act on it, I was going to make one last-ditch effort to find someone influential in Switzerland who might be able to help. I would have that opportunity at the World Economic Forum in Davos at the end of January. I’d attended Davos every year since 1996, and on January 25, I flew from London to Zurich to make the familiar three-hour train ride up into the Alps. When I arrived in Davos, I found the streets piled high with snow. The Swiss military was out in force, manning barricades and posting rooftop snipers to protect the international VIPs descending on this otherwise sleepy mountain town.

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., 251, 253, 255, 256, 257, 259, 262, 285 Trump, Melania, 256 Trump Tower meeting, 250–256, 263, 277, 281, 285 Trusted Traveler program, 265–269 TV Centre (Moscow), 138 Twitter feeds, 4, 5–6, 8, 10, 258, 264, 272, 277–278, 288–289 Tyco, 21 UBS, 82–83 Uighur concentration camps (Xinjiang), 295 UK Law Society, 28 Universal Savings Bank, 20, 32, 34–35, 36, 48–50, 56 Van Ruymbeke, Renaud, 188, 227 Veselnitskaya, Natalia: indictment by US government, 296 Prevezon case and, 114, 120–121, 148, 151, 178–179, 185–186, 203, 204, 206, 212, 215–216, 217, 219, 220–221, 223–224, 236, 238, 296 Trump dossier and, 232 Trump Tower meeting and, 250–256, 263, 277 US arrest warrant and freezing order, 296 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 170–171 VKontakte (Russian version of Facebook), 37, 244 Wall Street Journal, 128, 180, 214, 215–216, 224–225 Washington Post, 10, 219, 224–225 Whitehouse, Sheldon, 264 Wicker, Roger, 38, 289, 294 Winter, Jonathan, 283–284 World Economic Forum (Davos), 54–57 World War II, 58, 222 Wurzmann, Eduardo, 182–186 Wurzmann, Lina, 182, 183, 186 Yakunin, Vladimir, 198 Yandex (Russian version of Google), 81 Yeltsin, Boris, 41 YouTube videos, 35, 38, 69, 118, 203n Zakaria, Fareed, 255 Simon & Schuster 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 www.SimonandSchuster.com Copyright © 2022 by Hermitage Media Limited All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.

Creative Intelligence: Harnessing the Power to Create, Connect, and Inspire by Bruce Nussbaum

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, Black Swan, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, crony capitalism, crowdsourcing, Danny Hillis, declining real wages, demographic dividend, disruptive innovation, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, fail fast, Fall of the Berlin Wall, follow your passion, game design, gamification, gentrification, housing crisis, Hyman Minsky, industrial robot, invisible hand, James Dyson, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Gruber, John Markoff, Joseph Schumpeter, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, Larry Ellison, lone genius, longitudinal study, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, Max Levchin, Minsky moment, new economy, Paul Graham, Peter Thiel, QR code, race to the bottom, reality distortion field, reshoring, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, SimCity, six sigma, Skype, SoftBank, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, supply-chain management, Tesla Model S, The Chicago School, The Design of Experiments, the High Line, The Myth of the Rational Market, thinkpad, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, too big to fail, tulip mania, Tyler Cowen, We are the 99%, Y Combinator, young professional, Zipcar

The annual design awards cover took up to fifteen pages in the magazine, and there was little direct advertising for this coverage. Over the course of a decade and a half, BusinessWeek spent millions of dollars supporting design and innovation. The business leaders that I’ve met over the years at the World Economic Forum in Davos considered it one of Shepard’s greatest achievements in his career at the magazine. I transitioned from print to digital media in the early aughts. My deep thanks go to Jessie Scanlon, who partnered with me in launching Innovation & Design, the first open-source online channel of news and analysis of the growing field.

…

Jobs progressively increased his level of charisma over the years, choosing a signature style of personal dress, the simple black turtleneck; learning to introduce products with Broadway-level drama, whipping off a cloth to reveal a new offering and promoting what Apple employees called his “reality distortion field,” demanding even that which appears to be impossible. I saw Mark Zuckerberg for the first time at the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2009. He was sitting in front of several hundred people in a large conference room on a panel about the future of mobile along with Chad Hurley and a number of other high-tech luminaries. Panel moderator Mike Arrington, the founder of TechCrunch, said it was the first time he ever saw Zuckerberg with a tie on.

…

CEOs and top managers trained in metrics and analytics understand the process of squeezing more and more profits out of existing products. What they don’t get is that the profits from innovative new products can have greater value, support higher prices, and generate even greater profits. THE RISE OF FINANCIAL CAPITALISM I attended the World Economic Forum in 2008, just months before the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Hedge fund managers had taken over the tiny village of Davos, Switzerland. They were booking the best hotel rooms, throwing the biggest parties, running the most important panels, and squiring the most beautiful models in the fanciest cars. That year, the influence of hedge fund managers eclipsed that of the old global elite of high-tech hotshots, corporate CEOs, and presidents and premiers from around the world.

The Charisma Machine: The Life, Death, and Legacy of One Laptop Per Child by Morgan G. Ames

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 1960s counterculture, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Benjamin Mako Hill, British Empire, Burning Man, Cass Sunstein, clean water, commoditize, computer age, digital divide, digital rights, Evgeny Morozov, fail fast, Firefox, Free Software Foundation, Gabriella Coleman, game design, Hacker Conference 1984, Hacker Ethic, hype cycle, informal economy, Internet of things, John Markoff, Joi Ito, Khan Academy, Marshall McLuhan, Mary Lou Jepsen, Minecraft, new economy, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), Peter Thiel, placebo effect, Potemkin village, RFID, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, SimCity, smart cities, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Hackers Conference, Travis Kalanick

Introduction On January 26, 2005, capitalists and leaders from around the world made their annual pilgrimage to Davos, Switzerland, for the World Economic Forum. A decade before, those worshipping at this altar of neoliberal globalization had supported missions to spread computers and connectivity to the far corners of the world, such as the Technology to Alleviate Poverty project and the Digital Divide Initiative, but the dot-com crash in 2001 had largely quashed the appeal of those kinds of technological visions. Even so, Nicholas Negroponte, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), tested the waters for rekindling that vision under a new name. He plied the halls of Davos that January with a crude mock-up and what he hoped would be a compelling story of a hundred-dollar laptop for children across the Global South.1 It would be cheap, it would be powerful, and it would be rolled out by the hundreds of millions to entire countries.

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Negroponte largely shrugged off the sharp criticism his book and columns drew from some scholars, such as legal scholar Cass Sunstein, who has decried the echo chambers of Negroponte’s customized “Daily Me” newsfeed idea for polarizing the US political landscape, and cultural historian Fred Turner, who has linked Negroponte’s digital boosterism to the commodification of “New Communalist” utopianism in the 1970s and beyond.4 A decade later, in January 2005, Negroponte seemed to receive a relatively cool reception in Davos. His hallway pitch for a hundred-dollar laptop garnered a brief blog mention by Travis Kalanick, who was attending the World Economic Forum as a “technology pioneer” (and would later start the ride-sharing platform Uber), but this mention was more due to Negroponte’s other accomplishments than his idea for a hundred-dollar laptop. New York Times technology journalist John Markoff took up Negroponte’s pitch in more depth but concluded that Negroponte had not been given more of an official platform because the forum had moved on from the ideal of closing the digital divide to solving more “fundamental” inequalities.5 This tone changed considerably the following November, when Negroponte took the stage at the World Summit on the Information Society in Tunis.

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Transcript of speech at the World Congress on Information Technology, Austin, TX, May 2006. OLPC Talks, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20071024160550/http://www.olpctalks.com:80/nicholas_negroponte/negroponte_wcit.html ———. “Nicholas Negroponte at WEF.” Transcript of an interview by Loïc Le Meur at the World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, January 2006. OLPC Talks, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20130411034406/http://www.olpctalks.com:80/nicholas_negroponte/negroponte_wef.html ———. “Nicholas Negroponte at World Bank Group.” Transcript of a presentation at the World Bank Group, Washington DC, May 31, 2007.

The Coming of Neo-Feudalism: A Warning to the Global Middle Class by Joel Kotkin

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Admiral Zheng, Alvin Toffler, Andy Kessler, autonomous vehicles, basic income, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bread and circuses, Brexit referendum, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon credits, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, clean water, company town, content marketing, Cornelius Vanderbilt, creative destruction, data science, deindustrialization, demographic transition, deplatforming, don't be evil, Donald Trump, driverless car, edge city, Elon Musk, European colonialism, Evgeny Morozov, financial independence, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Future Shock, gentrification, gig economy, Gini coefficient, Google bus, Great Leap Forward, green new deal, guest worker program, Hans Rosling, Herbert Marcuse, housing crisis, income inequality, informal economy, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, job polarisation, job satisfaction, Joseph Schumpeter, land reform, liberal capitalism, life extension, low skilled workers, Lyft, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, megacity, Michael Shellenberger, Nate Silver, new economy, New Urbanism, Northpointe / Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, Occupy movement, Parag Khanna, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, post-industrial society, post-work, postindustrial economy, postnationalism / post nation state, precariat, profit motive, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, rent control, Richard Florida, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Salesforce, Sam Altman, San Francisco homelessness, Satyajit Das, sharing economy, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, smart cities, Social Justice Warrior, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, superstar cities, technological determinism, Ted Nordhaus, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, trade route, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, unpaid internship, upwardly mobile, Virgin Galactic, We are the 99%, Wolfgang Streeck, women in the workforce, work culture , working-age population, Y Combinator

Essays on a Failing System (New York: Verso, 2016), 219. 30 Phil Longman, The Empty Cradle: How Falling Birthrates Threaten World Prosperity (New York: New America Books, 2004); Joel Kotkin, “Death Spiral Demographics: The Countries Shrinking the Fastest,” Forbes, February 1, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/joelkotkin/2017/02/01/death-spiral-demographics-the-countries-shrinking-the-fastest/#4ae48b38b83c. 31 Alex Gray, “The troubling charts that show young people losing faith in democracy,” World Economic Forum, December 1, 2016, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/charts-that-show-young-people-losing-faith-in-democracy/. 32 Amanda Taub, “How Stable Are Democracies? ‘Warning Signs Are Flashing Red,’” New York Times, November 29, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/world/americas/western-liberal-democracy.html?

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.: Evidence from survey-linked administrative data,” Equitable Growth, September 7, 2016, https://equitablegrowth.org/working-papers/the-decline-in-lifetime-earnings-mobility-in-the-u-s-evidence-from-survey-linked-administrative-data/. 24 Mona Chalabi, “The world’s wealthy: where on earth are the richest Guardian, October 9, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/oct/09/worlds-wealthy-where-russia-rich-list; Andrea Willige, “5 charts that show what is happening to the middle class around the world,” World Economic Forum, January 12, 2017, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/5-charts-which-show-what-is-happening-to-the-middle-class-around-the-world/. 25 Anna Ludwinek et al., Social Mobility in the EU, Eurofound, 2017, http://www.praxis.ee/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Social-mobility-in-the-EU-2017.pdf; Adam O’Neal, “Why Bernie Sanders Is Wrong About Sweden,” Wall Street Journal, August 23, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-bernie-sanders-is-wrong-about-sweden-11566596536; Liz Alderman, “Europe’s Middle Class Is Shrinking.

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Guardian, April 29, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/apr/29/millennials-struggling-is-it-fault-of-baby-boomers-intergenerational-fairness; Lindsay Judge and Daniel Tomlinson, “Home improvements: action to address the housing challenges faced by young people,” Resolution Foundation, April 17, 2018, https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/publications/home-improvements-action-to-address-the-housing-challenges-faced-by-young-people/. 19 Kamal Ahmed, “Up to a third of millennials ‘face renting their entire life,’” BBC, April 17, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43788537. 20 Yuan Yang, “The quiet revolution: China’s millennial backlash,” Financial Times, April 18, 2018, https://www.ft.com/content/dae2c548-4226-11e8-93cf-67ac3a6482fd. 21 Andrea Willige, “5 charts which show what is happening to the middle class around the world,” World Economic Forum, January 12, 2017, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/5-charts-which-show-what-is-happening-to-the-middle-class-around-the-world/. 22 Lisa Boone, “They don’t own homes. They don’t have kids. Why millennials are plant addicts,” Los Angeles Times, July 24, 2018, http://www.latimes.com/home/la-hm-millennials-plant-parents-20180724-story.html. 23 Ryan Dezember and Laura Kusisto, “House Money: Wall Street Is Raising More Cash Than Ever for Its Rental-Home Gambit,” Wall Street Journal, July 9, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/house-money-wall-street-is-raising-more-cash-than-ever-for-its-rental-home-gambit-1531128600. 24 Chris Salviati, “Student Debt and Millennial Homeownership,” Apartment List, January 25, 2018, https://www.apartmentlist.com/rentonomics/student-debt-millennial-homeowership/; Valerie Bauerlein, “American Suburbs Swell Again as a New Generation Escapes the City,” Wall Street Journal, July 1, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/american-suburbs-swell-again-as-a-new-generation-escapes-the-city-11561992889?

Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World by Anand Giridharadas

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, activist lawyer, affirmative action, Airbnb, benefit corporation, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Boeing 747, Brexit referendum, Burning Man, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, corporate raider, corporate social responsibility, critical race theory, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, David Heinemeier Hansson, deindustrialization, disintermediation, do well by doing good, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, fake it until you make it, fake news, food desert, friendly fire, gentrification, global pandemic, high net worth, hiring and firing, housing crisis, Hyperloop, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, Kevin Roose, Kibera, Kickstarter, land reform, Larry Ellison, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, microaggression, new economy, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parag Khanna, Paul Graham, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, profit maximization, public intellectual, risk tolerance, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, side hustle, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, Steven Pinker, systems thinking, tech baron, TechCrunch disrupt, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Chicago School, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, the High Line, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, Two Sigma, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, Upton Sinclair, Vilfredo Pareto, Virgin Galactic, work culture , working poor, zero-sum game

Then I did probably an impulsive thing and said, ‘I’ll try this.’ ” In January 2005, on a stage at the World Economic Forum in Davos, one of the original conferences on the MarketWorld circuit, where corporate types paid vast sums of money to mingle with political leaders and others of similar social position, Clinton announced the Clinton Global Initiative. It would, he said, be like Davos, except it would require the rich and powerful people it brought together to commit, as a condition of showing up, to tangible projects for the global good. “I’m a big supporter of Davos, but the world leaders of the rich and the poor countries and everybody in between come to the UN every year in September,” Clinton said, according to Conason, adding, “So what I thought we would do this year is to have a somewhat smaller version of what we do at the World Economic Forum, but that it would be focused very much on specific things all the participants could do.”

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She and many other people at the party wanted to do something about it. Nicola said that globalization and trade and openness and “everything we all believe in”—she gestured at the MarketWorlders circling the buffet—must be explained to those mobs. Nicola said she could start a new initiative, which could be housed at the World Economic Forum, the organization behind the annual plutocratic reunion in Davos. In this thinking she was not alone. All across MarketWorld in that winter of revulsion, people were plotting solutions to the revolt against them that doubled down on the approaches that had gotten us here. If anyone truly believes that the same ski-town conferences and fellowship programs, the same politicians and policies, the same entrepreneurs and social businesses, the same campaign donors, the same thought leaders, the same consulting firms and protocols, the same philanthropists and reformed Goldman Sachs executives, the same win-wins and doing-well-by-doing-good initiatives and private solutions to public problems that had promised grandly, if superficially, to change the world—if anyone thinks that the MarketWorld complex of people and institutions and ideas that failed to prevent this mess even as it harped on making a difference, and whose neglect fueled populism’s flames, is also the solution, wake them up by tapping them, gently, with this book.

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“I’m a big supporter of Davos, but the world leaders of the rich and the poor countries and everybody in between come to the UN every year in September,” Clinton said, according to Conason, adding, “So what I thought we would do this year is to have a somewhat smaller version of what we do at the World Economic Forum, but that it would be focused very much on specific things all the participants could do.” Decisions and actions, the actual solving of problems, would be the distinguishing feature of CGI. “Everybody who comes needs to know on the front end that you’re going to be asked your opinion about what we should do on AIDS, TB, malaria; what the private sector can do about global warming,” he said.

Doppelganger: A Trip Into the Mirror World by Naomi Klein

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, 3D printing, anti-communist, anti-globalists, autism spectrum disorder, benefit corporation, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blood diamond, Boris Johnson, Boycotts of Israel, Cambridge Analytica, capitalist realism, ChatGPT, citizen journalism, Climategate, contact tracing, coronavirus, COVID-19, crisis actor, critical race theory, dark matter, deep learning, deepfake, deplatforming, disinformation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, fake news, false flag, feminist movement, George Floyd, glass ceiling, global pandemic, global supply chain, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, hive mind, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet Archive, Jeffrey Epstein, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, lab leak, Lewis Mumford, lockdown, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, mass incarceration, medical residency, military-industrial complex, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, neurotypical, new economy, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Parler "social media", pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, phenotype, profit motive, QAnon, QR code, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, Rosa Parks, Scientific racism, Scramble for Africa, shared worldview, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, smart cities, social distancing, Steve Bannon, surveillance capitalism, tech billionaire, tech bro, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, trade route, transatlantic slave trade, trickle-down economics, union organizing, W. E. B. Du Bois, Wayback Machine, women in the workforce

Very similar versions of electoral diagonalism have taken root in countries around the world, from Sweden to Brazil. I’m not surprised that these messages are resonating. For years I was part of internationalist left movements that protested outside meetings of the World Trade Organization, the World Economic Forum in Davos, G8 summits, and the International Monetary Fund for their roles in undermining democracies and advancing the interests of transnational capital; in the United States, we called out both major parties for being beholden to corporate donors and serving the rich rather than the people who voted them into office.

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What was strange, though, was that the Great Reset wasn’t hidden—it was a branding campaign that the World Economic Forum had kicked off to repackage many of the ideas it has long advanced: biometric IDs, 3D printing, corporate green energy, the sharing economy. All were hastily positioned as a blueprint for reviving the global economy post-pandemic by “seeking a better form of capitalism.” Through a series of videos, the Great Reset brought together heads of transnational oil giants to opine about the urgent need to tackle climate change, as well as politicians pledging to “build back better” and bring about a “fairer, greener, healthier planet.” It was standard-issue Davos fare—arrogant, to be sure, and many parts were actively dangerous.

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Maybe it’s that, in liberal democracies that still pay lip service to social equality (or at least “equity”), there is something profoundly unsatisfying about how open our global elites are about the power they believe they have a right to wield over the rest of us. The mechanics of oligarchy are not hidden; they are flaunted with a level of pride that actively humiliates their spectators. Billionaires, heads of state, A-list celebrities, journalists, and members of various royal families gather every year at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, just as they do in Aspen, Colorado, and just as they did in Manhattan at the Clinton Global Initiative—Google even runs an invitation-only annual “summer camp” in Sicily where you are as likely to bump into Mark Zuckerberg as Katy Perry. In every case, they take up the mantle of solving the world’s problems—climate breakdown, infectious diseases, hunger—with no mandate and no public involvement and, most notably, no shame about their own central roles in creating and sustaining these crises.

Londongrad: From Russia With Cash; The Inside Story of the Oligarchs by Mark Hollingsworth, Stewart Lansley

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Bob Geldof, Bullingdon Club, business intelligence, company town, Cornelius Vanderbilt, corporate governance, corporate raider, credit crunch, crony capitalism, Donald Trump, energy security, Etonian, F. W. de Klerk, Global Witness, income inequality, kremlinology, Larry Ellison, Londongrad, mass immigration, mega-rich, Mikhail Gorbachev, offshore financial centre, paper trading, plutocrats, Plutonomy: Buying Luxury, Explaining Global Imbalances, power law, rent-seeking, Ronald Reagan, Skype, Sloane Ranger

At the time the international investor and philanthropist George Soros, now one of the oligarchs’ greatest critics, warned Berezovsky somewhat acidly that if the communists were to win, ‘you are going to hang from a lamppost’.16 Berezovsky was only too aware that he had enemies among the communists. At a secret meeting in Davos in the Swiss Alps during the World Economic Forum in February 1996, he galvanized the wealthiest businessmen known in Russia as ‘the Group of Seven’. They agreed to bankroll Yeltsin’s election campaign in return for the offer of shares and management positions in the state industries yet to be privatized. The seven parties privy to the ‘Davos Pact’ were mainly bankers - Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Vladimir Potanin, Alexander Smolensky, and Petr Aven, as well as media tycoon Vladimir Gusinsky, industrialist Mikhail Fridman, and, of course, Berezovsky himself.

…

.: Failed Crusade 63 Coleman, John 147-8, 149 Collins, James 32 Collins, Tim 109 Collongues-Popova, Elena 219-20 Colony Club, Hertford Street, Mayfair 119 Commercial Court, London 317 Committee to Protect Journalists 271-2 communism collapse of (1991) 13, 32, 46, 273 Russian attitude to 49 Communist Party, backs Khodorkovsky 46 Confederation of Independent States 54 Connery, Sean 138 Conservative Party 58, 334 Constellation (ship) 229-30 Cook, Robin 160 Cooperative Insurance Society 341 Corbin, Arnaud 368 Corfe Holdings Ltd 236 Corker Binning 213 Cossacks 56, 171 Côte d’Azur 198, 203, 264 Courchevel ski resort, France 158, 181, 198, 204-7 Cowdray, Lord 236 Crown Prosecution Service 261 Crown Protection Services 351 CSKA Moscow 160 CSS 202 Curtis, Louise 11 Curtis, Sarah 10, 11, 12, 13 Curtis, Stephen Langford 89, 266 covert cooperation with NCIS 6, 7 covert custodian of Russian personal fortunes 3-4 death threats 6-7, 10 decision to co-operate with British police 5 early career 94 fatal helicopter crash follows threats 1-10 finds working for Russians exciting and challenging 93-4 and Fomichev 104, 105 funeral 10-13 guardian of Russian clients’ secrets 4 health 10 and ISC Global 237 and Khodorkovsky 4, 5, 6, 46, 93, 215, 234 meets Berezovsky 94 and Menatep 5, 6, 94, 216, 217, 237, 240 personal fortune 4-5, 236 personality 4, 10, 94, 95, 234 and security 237, 239, 240-41 sets up New World Value Fund Ltd 235 and Sibneft 98, 99 works for Berezovsky 4, 6, 95-6, 107, 110, 261, 262 and the Yukos curse 246 Curtis & Co. 94, 95, 235, 238, 240-41 Cyprus 213, 215, 216, 247, 321, 322 Daily Mail 346 Daiwa Bank 218 Daresbury, Lord 161 Darling, Alistair 301, 356 Dart, Kenneth 240 Dartmouth, Earl of 147 Davidson, Rod 11-12 Davis, Alan 9 Davis, Rick 336 Davos, Switzerland 49, 214 World Economic Forum 49, 275, 330 ‘Davos Pact’ 49-50 de Klerk, F.W. 257, 276 de Kooning, Willem: Woman III 186 de Sancha, Antonia 257 de Saumarez family 350 de Waal, Thomas 288 Del Ponte, Carla 79 Deloitte Touche 137 Deng, Wendi 280 Dent-Brocklehurst, Molly 202 Derby, Earl of 161 Deripaska, Oleg 151, 157, 162, 165, 167, 256, 315, 342, 353 aluminium magnate 15, 55 appearance 55, 319 and Bob Dole 335-6 buys racehorses 356-7 and Cherney 318-19, 322-8, 339, 342, 343 Conservative Party donation issue 334 as a dollar billionaire 363 early life 56 enemies 326 entry problems to United States 16, 328-9, 335, 336, 337 and the ‘family’ 56 friendship with Abramovich 55, 319 global business empire 16 Jewish background and Cossack heritage 56 losses 364 and Magna 328, 339, 364 marriage 56 and Nat Rothschild 329-30 personality 55, 319 a post-Soviet corporate raider 55 property purchaser 145, 320-21 and Putin 15, 66, 343 ruthless young pretender 15, 55 Deripaska, Polina 165, 181, 320 Devonshire, Duke of 114 Diana, Princess of Wales 133, 171 Dickens, Charles 196 Dinamo Tbilisi Football Club 277 Disdale, Terence 153, 154, 351-2 Doig, Peter: White Canoe 185-6, 193 Dolce & Gabbana 315 Dole, Bob 335-6 Dom-2 (reality TV programme) 189 Donde, Daniel Ermes 201 Dorchester Hotel, London 26, 223, 322, 323 Doronin, Vladimir 169-70 Downside Manor, Leatherhead, Surrey 277-8, 279 Draycott House, off Sloane Square 339 Dresner-Wickers 50 Dubai 99, 142, 198 Dubov, Yuli 267-8, 279 Bolshaya Paika (The Lion’s Share) 30, 267 The Lesser Evil 267-8 Ducasse, Alain 203 Dulwich College 166 Dyachenko, Boris 165 Dyachenko, Tatyana (Tanya) 50, 52, 145, 162, 165, 204 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 173 East End, London 21, 190 Eastern Bloc, collapse of (late 1980s) 22 Eastern Oil Company 210 Easton, Isle of Portland 11, 12 Easton Neston, neat Towcester 146 Eaton Square, London 136, 137, 140-41 Ecclestone, Bernie 162 Eclipse (yacht) 155-6 Economic and Trade Ministry 61 Economist, The 221 Ecstasea (yacht) 154 Ekho Moskvy radio station 25, 75, 271, 280 Elizabeth II, Queen 142 Elliott Hotel, Gibraltar 235 Ellison, Larry 153 Enron scandal 337 Esher, Surrey 143 Eurocement 157 Eurocement Holding AG 157 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 126, 127, 128 European Champions League 154 European Union 330, 331, 332 Evans, Chris 111, 112 Evans, Jonathan 270 Evening Standard 132, 346, 365 Evraz 157, 363 Exclusive London 174-5 ExxonMobil 230, 245 Fabergé 192 Falileyev, Judge Igor 357 ‘family, the’ 51-2, 56 Farnborough Airport 152 Farouk, King of Egypt 129 Fatherland All-Russia Party 73 Fayed, Camilla 181 FBI 359 Federal Law N 153-F3 310-11 Feldman, Andrew 334 Felshtinsky, Yuri 292 Fennell, Theo (jewellers) 26 Fezan Ltd 236 Fiat 38 financial crash (1998) 218, 221 Financial Dynamics 256 Financial Times 63, 131, 236, 275, 323, 339 Finans business magazine 55, 363 Finsbury 256 Firebird Fund 80 first Gulf War 130, 131 Fitasc Sporting British clay pigeon shooting Grand Prix 148 Fitzgerald, Edward, QC 213 Fleming, Roddie 161 Florida International University 61 Fomichev, Katya 104-5, 181 Fomichev, Ruslan 104-5, 181 Forbes magazine 24, 77, 363 Forbes Russia 246, 272, 273 Ford, Tom 179 Foreign Office 7, 241, 261, 270, 282, 303, 307 Foreign Policy Centre (FPC) 225 Fortnum & Mason 24 Forus 40, 78, 79, 80 Forward Media Group 320 Fox, James 125 Fox and Gibbons 94 Foxwell, Gavin 8 France, affluent Russians move to 22 Francis I, King of France 149 Fraud Squad 261 Fredriksen, John 128, 132 Freeland, Chrystia 63 French Foreign Legion 108 French Special Forces 108 Freud, Lucian: Benefits Supervisor Sleeping 201 Fridman, Mikhail 49 Friedman, Thomas 61-2 Frieze Fair 188, 192 Frontline (American news programme) 63, 76 Frontline Club, London 36 FSB (Federal Security Service) 53, 62, 71, 74, 86, 103, 106, 115, 230, 231, 262, 267, 275, 281, 285, 286, 287, 289-90, 292, 293, 296, 305-9, 312, 313, 338 Fulham Football Club 163 Fyning Hill, Rogate, West Sussex 124, 130, 152, 161, 163, 200, 201, 353 G8 summits 259-60, 309, 360 Gagosian, Larry 202 Gallitzin, Prince Gregory 167 Garda Worldwide 130 GAZ 157 Gazprom 76, 157, 173, 233, 270-71, 317, 341, 362 Geffen, David 194 Geldof, Bob 172 General Motors 39, 244, 325 George V, King 114 Giacometti, Alberto 201 Gibraltar 19, 100, 104, 215, 216, 235, 236, 241 Gibraltar Criminal Intelligence Agency 241 Gillford, Lord (‘Paddy’) 226-7 Glencore 340 global economic crisis (2008) 17 Global Leadership Foundation (GLF) 275-6 Global Options Group Inc 335, 336 Glushkov, Nikolai 92, 96, 102-3, 279 Goldfarb, Alex 65, 80, 82-3, 275, 281, 291, 297, 298, 337 Goldfarb, Alex with Litivinenko, Marina: Death of a Dissident 307 Goldsmith, Sir James 55 Goldsmith, Lord (Peter) 279 Golubev, Yuri 245 Goodwin, James 334 Gorbachev, Mikhail 32, 35, 40, 171, 173, 199, 312 Gorbunova, Yelena 72, 110, 111, 113, 114 GPW Ltd 351 Grand Bleu, Le (yacht) 153, 154, 155, 203 Grand-Hôtel du Cap-Ferrat 203-4 Grayson, Patrick 351 Gref, German 330 Greig, Geordie 171, 172, 345-6, 365 Grey Advertising 222 Grigoriev, Boris Dmitrievich: Faces of Russia 194 Group Menatep Ltd (GML) 215-16, 227, 235, 236 Group of Seven 49 GRU 270, 287 GSS Global 248 Gstaad, Switzerland 19 Guardian 195, 268, 280, 281, 369 Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas, Moscow 43 Gucci 179 Guernsey 236 Guinness, Lady Honor 320-21 Gulf States 99 Gusinsky, Vladimir 49, 75-6, 82, 83, 86, 132, 196, 280 Gutseriyev, Mikhail 165, 360-62 Gyunel 169 Hague, Ian 80 Hakkasan restaurant, London 176 Hamnett, Professor Chris 353 Hampton Court Palace 171 Hamstone House, St George’s Hill, Weybridge 145 Hannant, Paul 8 Hanson, Lord 226 Hanson Plc 226 Harding, James 17 Harewood estate, near Windsor 142, 203 Harrods department store, London 26, 123, 125, 137, 163, 174 Harrods Estates 135 Harrogate Ladies’ College 166 Harrow School 165 Harry’s Bar restaurant, South Audley Street, London 101, 109 Hartlands 145-6 Harvard University-Dow Jones US-Russian Investment Symposium 328 Harvey, David 17-18 Harvey Nichols department store, London 174, 180 Fifth Floor Restaurant 26 Hascombe Court, near Godalming, Surrey 111-12 Haslam, Nicholas 105, 136 Hawksmoor, Nicholas 146 Hazlitt, William 191 Health Protection Agency 298, 300 Heath Lodge, Iver, Buckinghamshire 110 Heath, Sir Edward 304 Hello!

…

Goldfarb met Berezovsky when Soros was investing in Russia during the Yeltsin era and became one of the oligarch’s closest confidants. Once potential business partners, Berezovsky and Soros collided over Soros’s financial backing of a rival, Vladimir Potanin, in the bitterly contested auction for Svyazinvest, the giant state telecommunications company. They soon became irreconcilable and at the annual World Economic Forum in Davos in 1996 they clashed badly over Berezovsky’s business methods. In the 1990s Berezovsky outstripped even his fellow oligarchs in the vigour of his business techniques. Soros himself had long warned of the severe dangers of no-holds-barred markets and regarded many of the oligarchs as the architects of the ‘robber capitalism’ of the time.18 On one occasion he claimed that he started to fear Berezovsky.

Chaos Kings: How Wall Street Traders Make Billions in the New Age of Crisis by Scott Patterson

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, 4chan, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, asset allocation, backtesting, Bear Stearns, beat the dealer, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Bitcoin "FTX", Black Lives Matter, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Black Swan Protection Protocol, Black-Scholes formula, blockchain, Bob Litterman, Boris Johnson, Brownian motion, butterfly effect, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Carl Icahn, centre right, clean tech, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, Colonization of Mars, commodity super cycle, complexity theory, contact tracing, coronavirus, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, decarbonisation, disinformation, diversification, Donald Trump, Doomsday Clock, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse, effective altruism, Elliott wave, Elon Musk, energy transition, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, Extinction Rebellion, fear index, financial engineering, fixed income, Flash crash, Gail Bradbrook, George Floyd, global pandemic, global supply chain, Gordon Gekko, Greenspan put, Greta Thunberg, hindsight bias, index fund, interest rate derivative, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, Joan Didion, John von Neumann, junk bonds, Just-in-time delivery, lockdown, Long Term Capital Management, Louis Bachelier, mandelbrot fractal, Mark Spitznagel, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, mass immigration, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mohammed Bouazizi, money market fund, moral hazard, Murray Gell-Mann, Nick Bostrom, off-the-grid, panic early, Pershing Square Capital Management, Peter Singer: altruism, Ponzi scheme, power law, precautionary principle, prediction markets, proprietary trading, public intellectual, QAnon, quantitative easing, quantitative hedge fund, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, Ralph Nader, Ralph Nelson Elliott, random walk, Renaissance Technologies, rewilding, Richard Thaler, risk/return, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Rory Sutherland, Rupert Read, Sam Bankman-Fried, Silicon Valley, six sigma, smart contracts, social distancing, sovereign wealth fund, statistical arbitrage, statistical model, stem cell, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, systematic trading, tail risk, technoutopianism, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the scientific method, too big to fail, transaction costs, University of East Anglia, value at risk, Vanguard fund, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog

CHAPTER 16 THIS CIVILIZATION IS FINISHED Rupert Read—dapper, trim, sandy-haired Green Party politician, Oxford-educated philosopher, spokesman for the activist environmental group Extinction Rebellion—breathed in the crisp Alpine air as he stepped off a train in Davos Platz. Here he was in the very belly of the beast: Davos, Switzerland, home of the World Economic Forum’s annual gathering of the planet’s self-anointed movers and shakers, the millionaires and billionaires, the politicians and policy-makers. It was January 2020. Read had endured fourteen hours on a string of trains from London to the snowbound ski resort to avoid riding in a carbon-belching airplane (thereby passing up a one-and-a-half-hour flight from Heathrow).

…

Taleb told the bankers in the room that the multitrillion-dollar credit meltdown on Wall Street, by the time it was over, would wipe out all of the money the global banking industry had made. Ever. CHAPTER 10 DREAMS & NIGHTMARES In January 2009, the world’s top financiers, policy-makers, and so-called elite thinkers flocked to Davos, Switzerland, home of the World Economic Forum, to try to figure out how it all went wrong—and what to do next. Among the newly minted elite: Nassim Taleb. On a Wednesday night at the forum, Taleb sat on a podium alongside Niall Ferguson, the British professor of history and bestselling author; Nouriel Roubini, known as Dr.

…

See also Russia collapse of, 143, 256 University of Chicago, Project on Security and Threats, 34 Vanguard, 101, 230 Varela, Francisco, 208 Varieties of Democracy, 256 Venter, Craig, 123, 124 VIX (CBOE Volatility Index), 110, 154, 163, 167, 168 Volmageddon, 14, 154, 157 von Mises, Ludwig, 121, 136 VUCA World Risk Index, 262 Wagner, Gernot, 231, 240 Wall Street Journal, 15, 24, 43, 45, 46, 104, 111, 120, 129, 130–31, 154, 175, 176, 248, 251, 262, 276 Walsh, John, 29 Wapner, Scott, 5–6, 7 Washington Post, 34, 102, 282, 290 Webber, Melvin, 240 Webber, Susan, 23 Weinstein, Boaz, 176 Wells, David Wallace, 162 Welsh, Irvine, 243 Whitehouse, Sheldon, 223, 233 Why Stock Markets Crash (Sornette), 87, 88, 90 Wiliot, 214 Wolfram Mathematica, 18 World Economic Forum, 119, 183 World Health Organization (WHO), 2, 205, 241 Wright, Theodore, 249 Wright’s law, 249 Writers Rebel, 243–44 Yarckin, Brandon, 88, 137, 162, 165–66, 167 background of, 63–65 CalPERS investment and, 151, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159–60 Empirica experience of, 65, 69 Film investments of, 94–95 SALT conference and, 139–40 Universa and, 97–98, 100–2, 110–12 Zelenska, Olena, 279 Zelensky, Volodymyr, 279–80, 285–86 Zuckerberg, Mark, 19 Scribner An Imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 www.SimonandSchuster.com Copyright © 2023 by Scott Patterson All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.

When McKinsey Comes to Town: The Hidden Influence of the World's Most Powerful Consulting Firm by Walt Bogdanich, Michael Forsythe

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", "World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alistair Cooke, Amazon Web Services, An Inconvenient Truth, asset light, asset-backed security, Atul Gawande, Bear Stearns, Boris Johnson, British Empire, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, carbon footprint, Citizen Lab, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, compensation consultant, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, Corrections Corporation of America, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, crony capitalism, data science, David Attenborough, decarbonisation, deindustrialization, disinformation, disruptive innovation, do well by doing good, don't be evil, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, facts on the ground, failed state, financial engineering, full employment, future of work, George Floyd, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, global pandemic, illegal immigration, income inequality, information security, interchangeable parts, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, job satisfaction, job-hopping, junk bonds, Kenneth Arrow, Kickstarter, load shedding, Mark Zuckerberg, megaproject, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, mortgage debt, Multics, Nelson Mandela, obamacare, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, profit maximization, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Rutger Bregman, scientific management, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, smart cities, smart meter, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, tech worker, The future is already here, The Nature of the Firm, too big to fail, urban planning, WikiLeaks, working poor, Yogi Berra, zero-sum game

“Turning a Coal Mine into a Diamond” “can generate ideas capable”: ExxonMobil, “Five Big Ideas from the Aspen Ideas Festival,” press release, July 9, 2019. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT He quickly pivoted to the topic: “This Is Not Rocket Science: Rutger Bregman Tells Davos to Talk About Tax—Video,” Guardian, Jan. 29, 2019. The 2020 World Economic Forum at Davos took place before the global onset of COVID-19. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT In June 2019: For a description of the McKinsey partners speaking at Aspen, see “A Festival of Ideas, Shaped by McKinsey Insight” on the McKinsey website, posted July 31, 2019, www.mckinsey.com.

…

Make the world more beautiful with “wildflower seed bombs” from Standard Industries, the building materials company that planted thirty-five hundred trees in honor of this annual jamboree of the great and the good. Welcome to the Aspen Ideas Festival. At Aspen, and its Swiss cousin, the World Economic Forum in Davos, an invitation validates your importance, a recognition that you have something wise to say, that you belong in the company of the wealthy and the powerful. Vitally important issues get aired here in courteous panel discussions often moderated by prominent journalists who treasure the spotlight.

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., office, 26, 30–31 Washington Mutual bankruptcy, 188 Washington Nationals, 219 Washington Post, 63, 216, 253–54 Washington State, 72 water, 165, 206, 269 Waterman, Bob, 179 Waxman, Henry, 42 Weiss, Alexander, 232–34, 238, 240 Wen Jiabao, 97 West Point, 155 Wharton School, 83, 87–88, 212, 230 Whitney Museum, 116 “Why We Need Bolder Action to Combat the Opioid Epidemic” (Latkovic), 143–44 WikiLeaks, 65 wildfires, 151, 168 William Hill, 210 Wilson, Thomas, 198 Wilson, Tom, 114 wind power, 151, 158 Winickoff, Jonathan, 123 Winners Take all (Giridharadas), 26 Wirth, Mike, 164 Woetzel, Jonathan, 96 Women’s March (2017), 78 Wood, Eric, 234 Woodcock, Janet, 68 Working Nights (newsletter), 10 World Economic Forum (Davos), 149, 150, 262 World Health Organization (WHO), 118–19, 128 World Series, 216–17, 219 World Trade Center, 118 World Trade Organization (WTO), 96 World War II, 32, 258, 260 Wriston, Walter, 171, 175–76 X Xactimate computer program, 194 Xi Jinping, 26, 100–101 Xinjiang Province, 100, 104–6 Y Yale University, 25, 51, 165 Yanukovych, Viktor, 257 Yee, Lareina, 150 Yemen, 245–46 YouTube, 252–53 Yunnan Province, 108 Z Zelensky, Volodymyr, 279 zero tolerance policy, 83 zhongyang qiye, 92, 98, 108 Zondo, Raymond, 237, 239–41 Zucker, Brandon, 13 Zuckerberg, Mark, 149 Zuma, Jacob, 226–28 Zweig, Phillip, 176 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z What’s next on your reading list?

Tools and Weapons: The Promise and the Peril of the Digital Age by Brad Smith, Carol Ann Browne

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, AI winter, air gap, airport security, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, Bletchley Park, Blitzscaling, Boeing 737 MAX, business process, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Celtic Tiger, Charlie Hebdo massacre, chief data officer, cloud computing, computer vision, corporate social responsibility, data science, deep learning, digital divide, disinformation, Donald Trump, Eben Moglen, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Hacker News, immigration reform, income inequality, Internet of things, invention of movable type, invention of the telephone, Jeff Bezos, Kevin Roose, Laura Poitras, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, minimum viable product, national security letter, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, Nick Bostrom, off-the-grid, operational security, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, pattern recognition, precision agriculture, race to the bottom, ransomware, Ronald Reagan, Rubik’s Cube, Salesforce, school vouchers, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Skype, speech recognition, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, tech worker, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, Tim Cook: Apple, Wargames Reagan, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce

Success rarely comes to people who do nothing. Chapter 11 AI AND ETHICS: Don’t Ask What Computers Can Do, Ask What They Should Do When I arrived in Davos, Switzerland, at the World Economic Forum in January 2017 for the annual bellwether event discussing global trends, AI was the talk of the town. Every tech company was touting itself as an AI company. One night after dinner, I called on my northeastern Wisconsin roots and braved the snow and ice to walk the full two-mile length of Davos’s main boulevard. It looked more like the Las Vegas strip than an Alpine village. Other than a handful of banks, the ski town was dominated by the lit-up logos and slick signage of tech companies, each (Microsoft included) promoting their AI strategy to the business, government, and thought leaders spending the week in the Swiss Alps.

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Her commitment to the housing issue and her credibility across the region and political spectrum were instrumental in persuading us that it was a challenge we could help address in a meaningful way. Information about Challenge Seattle can be found at https://www.challengeseattle.com/. Back to note reference 40. CHAPTER 11: AI AND ETHICS Accenture, “Could AI Be Society’s Secret Weapon for Growth? – WEF 2017 Panel Discussion,” World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, YouTube video, 32:03, March 15, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i_4y4lSC5M. Back to note reference 1. Asimov posited three laws of robotics. First, “A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.” Second, “A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.”

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., 9 Bill of Rights, 7 First Amendment to, 12, 15, 33, 36, 102 Fourth Amendment to, 7–8, 14, 15, 23, 26, 33, 34, 36 Constitutional Convention, 77 consumer credit, 246 consumer privacy, see privacy Cook, Tim, 16, 252 Coons, Chris, 314n9 copyright, 284 Correal, Annie, 220 Courtois, Jean-Philippe, 181 Court TV, 104 Crovitz, Gordon, 104–5 Curie, Marie, 184 Customs and Border Protection, US (CBP), 215, 220–21 cyberattacks, 111, 112–14, 124, 205 attribution of, 118–19 denial-of-service attack in Estonia, 91–92 NotPetya, 69–72 WannaCry, 63–69, 71–74, 122, 294, 300, 301 Cyber Defense Operations Center, 111 cybersecurity, 61–76, 92, 112–15, 119, 123, 294–95, 300, 302 China and, 251, 252 data sharing and, 283 generational divide in views on, 71 national security and, 110–11 tech companies’ attitudes toward, 294–95 Cybersecurity Tech Accord, 119–21, 294, 300, 301 cybertribes, 92–93 cyberwar, cyberweapons, 69, 118, 130, 205–6, 289 Czechoslovakia, 40 D DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), 173–74 Daily, 219–20 Daily Beast, 83 Daily Princetonian, 13 Dartmouth College, 193 data, xiii, xiv, 195 creation of, 274 government, 283–84, 297 open, 269–86, 297 ownership of, 283 privacy and, 282–84; see also privacy sharing of, 275–76, 280–83 data centers, xiv–xv, xviii–xix, 8, 19, 21, 24, 42, 44–45, 52, 133, 303 of Microsoft, xiv–xix, 5, 14–15, 29–30, 34, 42–46, 48–56 data science, 181, 196, 207, 264, 323n9 biomedical science and, 273 Davos, World Economic Forum at, 191–93, 202 DCU (Digital Crimes Unit), 78–81, 85, 111, 112, 316n2 Declaration Networks Group, 167 Declaration of Independence, 7 deep fakes, 99 DelBene, Suzan, 314n9 democracy(ies), 10, 77–88, 89, 91, 95, 97, 107, 149, 227, 229, 289, 295, 301–4 disinformation campaigns and, 94, 289, 302 foreign interference in, 105–6 see also elections Democratic National Committee (DNC), 78, 278 Democratic National Convention (2016), 77, 78 Democrats, 82, 84–85, 106, 172, 278–81 denial-of-service attacks, 91–92 Denmark, 109–10, 112, 123, 130 Depression, Great, 164, 165, 171, 242–44 Deutsche Telekom, 122 Dick, Philip K., 211 Dickerson, Caitlin, 220 DeGeorge syndrome, 213 Dietterich, Thomas, 328n12 Digital Accountability and Transparency Act, 283–84 Digital Geneva Convention, 113–15, 128, 300 digital neutrality, 35 diplomacy, 109–30 disabilities, 200, 287–88 disinformation campaigns, 90, 94, 102, 104, 106–7, 289, 294, 302 Russia and, 95–98, 103 Downing, Richard, 59 DREAMers, 173–74 E Economic Graph, 181 economy, 241–43, 289, 299 Edelman Trust Barometer, 216–17 Edison, Thomas, 194 education, 156, 180, 182, 186, 207 computer science, 170, 177–81, 184 Microsoft’s school voucher program, 177 Microsoft’s Technology Education and Literacy in Schools program, 178–79 national talent strategy and, 175–76 Washington State Opportunity Scholarship program, 181–82 Workforce Education Investment Act, 182–84 Egan, Mike, 331n8 8chan, 99 Einstein, Albert, 129, 171, 209–10, 289 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 172 ElectionGuard, 87 elections, 84, 95 in France, 81 hacking and, 81, 86–88 U.S. presidential election of 2016, 81, 82, 139, 144, 157, 172, 189, 278–82, 331n8 voting machines and, 87 electricity, 70, 286, 289, 299 data centers and, xiv, xvi, 44 in rural areas, 159, 160, 163–66 Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), 22, 23, 33, 47 electronic grids and infrastructures, 70–71, 266, 299 El Paso, Tex., 233–35, 331n8 Ely, James, 110 email, 23, 24, 28, 49, 221, 237–38 phishing and, 79, 83 Russian hackers and, 81, 95 employee activism, 215–17 Empson, Mark, 70 encryption, 14–15, 19, 87, 149, 171, 283 endangered species, 288 engineering, 141–42 England, 316n2 National Health Service in, 62 see also United Kingdom Estonia, 89–93, 320n19 Étienne, Philippe, 123 European Commission, 131 European Court of Justice, 136, 137 European Union (EU), 43, 44, 47–48, 56, 124, 284, 314n10 Brexit and, 131–32, 139, 238 General Data Protection Regulation of, 131–32, 139–43, 146–49 International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles of, 133–36 Privacy Shield of, 137–38, 300 F FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), 336n10 Facebook, 2, 16, 44, 73–76, 85, 92, 95–99, 103, 104, 120–21, 124, 125, 133, 173, 253, 270, 272, 281, 285 Cambridge Analytica and, 144 Christchurch mosque shootings and, 99, 126 disinformation campaigns on, 90, 95–98 privacy and, 135, 144 facial recognition, 203, 211–30, 239, 264, 330n21 bias and, 198 legislation on, 226, 330nn19–20, 331n26 regulation of, 221–22, 224, 225, 228, 296 surveillance and, 227–28 Fancy Bear (APT28; Strontium), 78–81, 84–85 Fargo, N.Dak., 331n8 FarmBeats, 163 farmers, farming, 156, 163, 164, 171, 243–44 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 13, 22, 25, 27, 28, 36, 49, 63, 73, 78 data requested from Microsoft by, 31 FCC (Federal Communications Commission), 158, 323n17 Blue Book of, 101–2, 318nn27–28 broadband and, 153–56, 158, 322n6, 323n9 FedEx, 70 Ferguson, Bob, 173, 324n4 Ferry County, Wash., 151–55, 157, 166–67 fiber-optic cables, 13, 14, 42, 43, 153, 158, 159, 162, 163, 296 filing cabinets, xiv, 309n2 fire extinguishers, 236 fire horses, 231–32, 245, 247 First Amendment, 12, 15, 33, 36, 102 FISC (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court), 12 5G, 153, 266 Ford, Henry, 245, 246 4G, 158 Fourth Amendment, 7–8, 14, 15, 23, 26, 33, 34, 36 Fourth Geneva Convention, 113, 117–18 Fourth Industrial Revolution, 169 Fox News, 314n10 France, 126 National Assembly in, 224 presidential candidates in, 81 Revolution in, 319n36 1798 war with U.S., 9–10 terrorist attacks in Paris, 26–28 war between United Kingdom and, 105 Francis, James C., IV, 52, 314n10 Francis, Pope, 209–10 Frank, John, 3, 4, 8, 22 Franklin, Benjamin, 7, 77, 87, 107, 192 frauds and scams, 192–93, 316n2 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 272–74, 276, 284–86 Freedom House, 222 freedom of speech, 102 French Revolution, 319n36 Friedman, Nat, 277 FTC (Federal Trade Commission), 29, 146, 310n6 G Galileo, 209 Garnett, Paul, 167 Gates, Bill, xviii, 29, 194, 240, 252, 254, 277, 325n11 Gates, Melinda, 252 Gebru, Timnet, 198 Gellman, Bart, 13 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 131–32, 139–43, 146–49, 294 Genêt, Edmind Charles, 105–6, 319n36 Geneva, 129 Geneva Conventions, 113, 117–18, 320n16 Geography of Thought, The (Nisbett), 258, 261–62 George, John Earl, Sr., 165, 166 Germany, 39–41, 51–53, 56 Germany, Nazi, 39, 41, 61, 90, 129 Giant Company Software, xviii Gibson, Charlie, 314n10 Gilliland, Gary, 273 GitHub, 100, 277 Global Network Initiative (GNI), 333n16 Good, I.J., 328n12 Google, 16, 19, 44, 85, 97, 104, 120, 122, 124, 126, 133, 144, 173, 199, 216, 253, 256, 269, 272, 285 government sued by, 12, 18–19 Microsoft and, 12 military and, 203, 204, 215, 216 NSA and, 2, 4, 13 Plus, 270 YouTube, 2, 95, 99, 125, 126 GPS, 33–34, 228 Graham, Lindsey, 56, 57 Gramophone, 101 Graphika, 95 Great Depression, 164, 165, 171, 242–44 Greek philosophy, 259, 263 Green Bay, Wisc., 331n8 Green Bay Packers, 233, 331n8 Gregoire, Christine, 186, 189, 316n2, 325n20, 327n40 Guardian, 2–4, 8, 19 Gutenberg, Johannes, xiii, 209 Guterres, António, 205 Gutierrez, Horacio, 312–13n12 H hackers, hacking, 71, 79, 81, 86, 113, 266, 287 Chinese, 251, 263 elections and, 81, 86–88 hackers, Russian, 78, 82–83, 95 elections and, 81, 86 Strontium (Fancy Bear; APT28), 78–81, 84–85 Hamilton, 106, 249 Hamilton, Alexander, 105, 106 Harding, William, 100 Harvard Law Review, 330n24 Hastings, Reed, 16, 17, 335n7 Hatch, Orrin, 176, 314n9 He Huaihong, 261–62 Heiner, Dave, 194, 197 Heller, Dean, 314n9 Hippocratic oath for coders, 207–8 Hitachi, 122 Hoffman, Reid, 267, 292 Hogan-Burney, Amy, 25–26 Hollande, François, 28 HoloLens, 204, 238–39, 252 Hood, Amy, 174, 183, 188–89, 293–94, 306 horses, 240–45 fire, 231–32, 245, 247 Horvitz, Eric, 194, 199, 218, 327n5, 328n12 Hotmail, 21–22 Hour of Code, 179 House of Representatives, 7, 56, 57, 176 housing, 186–90, 302, 327n40 Houston, Tex., 96 Howard, David, 31–33, 35 HP, 120, 132 Huawei, 263 Hudson Institute, 84 Hu Jintao, 252 human rights, 260, 262–64, 292, 301–4, 333n16 Human Rights Watch, 206 Humphries, Fred, 55 Hutchinson, Bill, 272 Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 272–74, 276, 284–86 I I, Robot, 193 IBM, 192, 285, 310n6 ImageNet, 197 immigration, 169, 171–76, 290 DACA program and, 173–74 facial recognition and, 214–15 national talent strategy and, 175–76 separation of children from parents at the border, 214, 215, 220–21 Immigration and Customs Enforcement, US (ICE), 214–15 Immigration Innovation Act (I-Squared), 176 information bubbles, 95 information technology, 70, 253, 298–300 China and, 253, 258, 263–67 persuasion and, 107 weaponization of, 97 infrastructure and grids, 70–71, 266, 299 Inslee, Jay, 325n20 Instagram, 95–96 Intel, 253 intellectual property, 113, 175, 207, 284, 336n9 International Campaign to Ban Landmines, 127 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 113, 118, 127, 320n16 International Humanitarian Law, 117 International Monetary Fund, 97 International Republican Institute (IRI), 84 international rules, 302 arms control, 116–18, 128, 302 International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles, 133–36 internet, 24, 41, 91, 106, 107, 192–93, 299, 335n9 Communications Decency Act and, 98–99 rural broadband and, 151–67, 289, 296, 322n6, 323n9 Internet Research Agency (IRA), 95–96 Interstate Commerce Commission, 299–300 Iowa, 164–66 Iran, 71 Iraq, 81 Ireland, 42–46, 49–56, 133, 135 Ischinger, Wolfgang, 96 ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), 28 Israel, 81 J Jacobins, 319n36 Japan, xvii, 75, 122, 124, 129, 253 Japanese-Americans, internment of, 10 Jarrett, Valerie, 15–16 Jefferson, Thomas, 105, 106, 313n5 Jewish manuscripts, 288, 335n2 jobs, 186, 187, 297, 302 artificial intelligence and, 231–47 creation of, 156–58 digital content in, 177–78 Economic Graph and, 181 immigration seen as threat to, 175 unemployment, 152, 156 Jobs, Steve, 142, 241 Jones, Nate, 25–26, 49 Jourová, Věra, 136–37 Joyce, Rob, 73 Justice Department (DOJ), xx, 12, 13, 16, 18–19, 26, 31, 35, 36, 49, 53, 56, 148 K Kahan, John, 323n9 Kaljurand, Marina, 91–92 Kenya, 160 Kentucky School for the Blind, 287, 334n1 KGB, 92 Kids in Need of Defense (KIND), 220, 329n11 King County, Wash., 152, 157 Kirkpatrick, David, 192 Kissinger, Henry, 250, 259 Kistler-Ritso, Olga, 90–92, 317n2 Klobuchar, Amy, 176 Klynge, Casper, 109, 112, 123, 127, 128, 130 Kollar-Kotelly, Colleen, 335n7 Koontz, Elbert, 152–55, 167 Kubrick, Stanley, 328n12 Kushner, Jared, 173, 280 L Lagarde, Christine, 97 landmines, 127, 320n21 language translation, 197, 236, 239–40, 261 Law Enforcement and National Security (LENS), 24–26 Lay-Flurrie, Jenny, 334–35n1 Lazowska, Ed, 178, 325n11 LEADS Act (Law Enforcement Access to Data Stored Abroad), 314n9 League of Nations, 129 Lee, Kai-Fu, 269–70, 272, 273, 276 legal work, impact of technology on, 236, 237 Leibowitz, Jon, 29 LENS (Law Enforcement and National Security), 24–26 Leopard, HMS, 313n5 libraries, ancient, xiii, 309n1 Liddell, Chris, 173 Lincoln, Abraham, 10 LinkedIn, 100, 103, 126, 181, 325n18 Linux, 277 Long, Ronald, 43 LTE, 158, 162 M Macron, Emmanuel, 81, 123–24, 127 Mactaggart, Alastair, 144–49 Madison, James, 7 Maersk, 70–71 Mahabharata, The, 205 malware, 63, 68 see also cyberattacks Mamer, Louisan, 164–66 Manhattan Project, 171 Map to Prosperity, 157 Marino, Tom, 314n9 Markle Foundation, 325n18 Martin, “Smokey Joe,” 231 Martinon, David, 123 Mattis, James, 67 May, Theresa, 132, 238–39 Mayer, Marissa, 18 McCaskill, Claire, 83 McFaul, Michael, 117 McGuinness, Paddy, 56 McKinsey Global Institute, 241 Mercedes-Benz, 240, 326n31 Merck, 70 Meri, Lennart, 91 Merkel, Angela, 239 Mexico, 124 Microsoft: AccountGuard program of, 84, 85 AI ethics issues and, 199–201, 205, 218, 222, 223, 229–30, 294 AI for Earth team of, 288 antitrust cases against, xx, 12, 29, 96, 143, 148, 175–77, 291, 310n6, 335n7 Azure, 126, 140 Bing, 100, 104, 126, 140 board of directors of, 335n7 Brazil and, 48–49, 53 China and, 65, 250–52, 254–55, 259–61 Christchurch Call to Action and, 125–27 cloud commitments of, 30, 33, 292 Code.org and, 179 Cyber Defense Operations Center of, 111 Cybersecurity Tech Accord and, 119–21 data centers of, xiv–xix, 5, 14–15, 29–30, 34, 42–46, 48–56 Digital Crimes Unit (DCU) of, 78–81, 85, 111, 112, 316n2 ElectionGuard system of, 87 engineering structure at, 142 facial-recognition technology of, 213–15, 222–24, 226–27, 229–30 and FBI’s request for customer data, 31 Friday meetings of, 62 General Data Protection Regulation and, 140–43, 146–47, 294 Giant Company Software and, xviii GitHub, 100, 277 Google and, 12 government sued by, 12–13, 15, 16, 18–19, 33, 35–37, 83 housing initiative of, 186–90, 327n40 Immigration and Customs Enforcement and, 214–15 Ireland and, 42–45, 49–56 Law Enforcement and National Security (LENS) team of, 24–26 LinkedIn, 100, 103, 126, 181, 325n18 Muslim travel ban and, 173 NSA and, 1–4, 8, 13–14 Office, 84, 140, 253, 254 OneDrive, 126 open-source code and, 277–78 Patch Tuesdays of, 74 Philanthropies, 178–80 privacy legislation advocated by, 132, 146–48, 321n3 Research (MSR), 170–71, 194–95, 197, 237, 275, 328n12 Research Asia (MSRA), 255 Rural Airband Initiative of, 160–62, 166–67 Russia’s message to, 86 school voucher program of, 177 security feature development in, 111 Senior Leadership Team (SLT), 15, 62, 141, 221, 274, 307 Strontium and, 78–81, 84–85 Tay, 255–56 TechFest, 170–71 Technology Education and Literacy in Schools (TEALS) program of, 178–79 TechSpark program of, 233, 331n8 Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) of, 63, 78–79, 84 Windows, xx, 12, 29, 63–65, 203, 212, 253, 270 Word, 50, 264 Xbox, 72, 100, 126, 140, 160 military weapons, 117–18, 127, 202–6, 264, 329n29 artificial intelligence in, 202–6, 215, 216 nuclear, 116–17, 210 minimum viable product, 225–26, 296 Minority Report, 211–12 missiles, 66–67 MLATs (mutual legal assistance treaties), 47–49, 52 Mobility Fund, 158, 323n17 Moglen, Eben, 314n8 Mook, Robby, 279 Morrow, Frank, 125 MSTIC (Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center), 63, 78–79, 84 Munich Security Conference, 96–97, 208 Muslims, 288, 335n2 Christchurch mosque shootings, 99–100, 102, 125–26 travel ban on, 173 Myerson, Terry, 65 Myhrvold, Nathan, 194–95 Mylett, Steve, 187 N Nadella, Satya, 28–29, 62, 65, 66, 73, 115, 126–27, 141–43, 172–74, 186–88, 199, 200, 204–5, 218, 219, 221, 239–40, 252, 274, 276, 277, 289, 292 National Australia Bank, 213 National Federation for the Blind, 334n1 National Geographic Society, 161 National Health Service, 62 National Human Genome Research Institute, 213 National Institute of Standards and Technology, 221–22 nationalism, 112, 300–301 National Press Club, 29 national security: cybersecurity and, 110–11 individual freedoms vs., 9–10 National Security Council, 26 NATO, 82, 124, 204 Cooperative Cyber Defense Centre of Excellence, 92, 320n19 Nazi Germany, 39, 41, 61, 90, 129 negotiations, 175 Netflix, 16, 335n7 network effects, 270 neural networks, 196–97 New Deal, 164 NewsGuard, 104–5 New York, N.Y., 245 fire horses in, 231–32, 245, 247 New York Times, 63, 65–67, 99, 118, 219–20 New York University, 333n16 New Zealand, 75, 124, 125–27, 130 Christchurch mosque shootings in, 99–100, 102, 125–26 NGOs (nongovernmental organizations), 127, 128, 208, 302, 303 Nimitz, USS, 203 9/11 terrorist attacks, 8–9, 71, 72 1984 (Orwell), 227 Nisbett, Richard, 258, 261–62 North Korea, 63, 64, 67–69, 71–74 missile launch of, 67 Noski, Chuck, 335n7 NotPetya, 69–72 NSA (National Security Agency), 3, 8–9, 13, 15, 73 Google and, 2, 4, 13 Microsoft and, 1–4, 8, 13–14 PRISM program of, 1–4, 8, 9, 310–11n4 Snowden and, 4–5, 8, 9, 13–14, 17–19, 25, 41 Verizon and, 2–3 WannaCry and, 63–69, 71–74 and White House meeting with tech leaders, 16–19 nuclear power, 143–44 nuclear weapons, 116–17, 210 O Obama, Barack, 15–16, 26, 53, 83, 131, 174, 179–80, 278, 279, 284 meeting with tech leaders called by, 16–19 Office, 84, 140, 253, 254 Office of Personnel, US (OPM), 251, 263 O’Mara, Margaret, 297, 335n9 OneDrive, 126 Open Data Initiative, 285 Oracle, 120 Orwell, George, 227 O’Sullivan, Kate, 119–20 Otis, James, Jr., 6–7, 311nn14–15 Ottawa Convention, 320n21 Oxford University, 95 P Paglia, Vincenzo, 208–9 Pai, Ajit, 153–54 Pakistan, 21–22 Palais des Nations, 129 Paltalk, 2 Panke, Helmut, 335n7 paralegals, 236 Paris, terrorist attacks in, 26–28 Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace, 123–25, 127, 128, 300, 301 Paris Peace Forum, 123 Parscale, Brad, 280, 281 Partnership on AI, 200–201 Partovi, Hadi, 179 PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security), 288 PBS NewsHour, 85–86 Pearl, Daniel, 21–22 Pearl Harbor attack, 10 Pelosi, Nancy, 57 Penn, Mark, 312–13n12 Pettet, Zellmer, 242–44 Petya, 69 Pew Research Center, 155–56, 323n9 phishing, 79, 83 Pickard, Vincent, 101 Pincus, Mark, 17–18 poachers, 288 Posner, Michael, 333n16 post office, 7, 192 Prague Spring, 40–41 presidential election of 2016, 81, 82, 139, 144, 157, 172, 189, 278–82, 331n8 Preska, Loretta, 314n10 Priebus, Reince, 279–80, 282 Princeton University, 13, 174, 218, 288, 314n10, 335n2 printing press, xiii, 209 PRISM (Planning Tool for Resource Integration, Synchronization, and Management), 1–4, 8, 9, 310–11n4 Pritzker, Penny, 136, 137, 250 privacy, 5–6, 21, 22, 30, 39–59, 131–49, 193, 229, 289, 300, 301 artificial intelligence and, 171, 199–200, 207 California Consumer Privacy Act, 147–48 data sharing and, 282–84 differential privacy, 282–83 Facebook and, 135, 144 facial recognition and, see facial recognition Fourth Amendment and, 7–8, 14, 15, 26 General Data Protection Regulation and, 131–32, 139–43, 146–49 legislation on, 132, 146–48, 321n3 Privacy Shield and, 137–38, 300 public attitudes about, 143 public safety and, 21–37, 222 reasonable expectation of, 7–8, 34 right to, 330n24 Safe Harbor and, 133–34 search warrants and, see search warrants social media and, 145 Wilkes and, 5–6, 23 see also surveillance Privacy Shield, 137–38, 300 Private AI, 171 Progressive movement, 245 ProPublica, 197–98 Proposition 13, 146 Purdy, Abraham, 232 Q Quincy, Wash., xiv–xv, 5, 34, 42 R racial minorities, 184–85 radio, 95, 100–102, 106, 159 Radio Free Europe, 107 radiologists, 236–37 railroads, 110, 299–300 Railroads and American Law (Ely), 110 ransomware, 68 WannaCry, 63–69, 71–74, 122, 294, 300, 301 Rashid, Rick, 237, 238 Reagan, Nancy, 116 Reagan, Ronald, 23, 116, 146 Red Cross, 113, 118, 127, 320n16 Reddit, 99 Redmond, Wash., 187 Reform Government Surveillance, 16–17 regulation, 102, 143, 144, 192, 206–7, 219, 224, 266, 295–98, 300, 301, 303 of artificial intelligence, 192, 296 China and, 258 of facial recognition, 221–22, 224, 225, 228, 296 of governments, 301–2 of railroads, 299 of social media, 98, 100, 102–4, 144 Republic, Wash., 151–52, 155, 167 Republican National Committee (RNC), 279–82 Republicans, 82, 106, 172, 278–80 International Republican Institute, 84 Republic Brewing Company, 167 restaurants, fast-food, 235, 241 Ries, Eric, 225 Riley v.

Red Flags: Why Xi's China Is in Jeopardy by George Magnus

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, 9 dash line, Admiral Zheng, AlphaGo, Asian financial crisis, autonomous vehicles, balance sheet recession, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, BRICs, British Empire, business process, capital controls, carbon footprint, Carmen Reinhart, cloud computing, colonial exploitation, corporate governance, crony capitalism, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, demographic dividend, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial repression, fixed income, floating exchange rates, full employment, general purpose technology, Gini coefficient, global reserve currency, Great Leap Forward, high net worth, high-speed rail, hiring and firing, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, industrial robot, information security, Internet of things, invention of movable type, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Rogoff, Kickstarter, labour market flexibility, labour mobility, land reform, Malacca Straits, means of production, megacity, megaproject, middle-income trap, Minsky moment, money market fund, moral hazard, non-tariff barriers, Northern Rock, offshore financial centre, old age dependency ratio, open economy, peer-to-peer lending, pension reform, price mechanism, purchasing power parity, regulatory arbitrage, rent-seeking, reserve currency, rising living standards, risk tolerance, Shenzhen special economic zone , smart cities, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, special economic zone, speech recognition, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, total factor productivity, trade route, urban planning, vertical integration, Washington Consensus, women in the workforce, working-age population, zero-sum game

Simon Tisdall, ‘China Syndrome Dictates Barack Obama’s Asia-Pacific Strategy’, Guardian, 6 January 2012, <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/06/china-barack-obama-defence-strategy>. 3. ‘President Xi’s Speech to Davos in Full’, World Economic Forum, Davos, 17 January 2017, <https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/01/full-text-of-xi-jinping-keynote-at-the-world-economic-forum>. 4. Anna Wong, ‘China’s Current Account: External Rebalancing or Capital Flight?’ International Finance Discussion Papers 1208, Federal Reserve Board, 15 June 2017, <https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/ifdp/files/ifdp1208.pdf>. 5.

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Trump is much more interested in Americans as suppliers of a narrow range of products, not the economy’s broader interests, let alone those of the world trade system. It came as no surprise, therefore, that President Xi Jinping felt able to give a tour de force address to the global elite of policymakers and business people at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos a few days later. He told them how China had been hesitant about joining the WTO but summoned up the courage to do so, adjust, and make a virtue of free trade. Taking on the role of defender of globalisation, Xi said: ‘Whether you like it or not, the global economy is the big ocean that you cannot escape from.

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property price rises (i) SEZs (i), (ii) stock exchange opened (i), (ii) Shenzhen–Hong Kong Connect Scheme (i) shipping (i) Sichuan (i) Silk Road BRI and (i) historical routes and trade (i) Xi invokes (i), (ii), (iii) Silk Road Economic Belt (i) see also Belt and Road Initiative Silk Road Fund (i) n7 Singapore Asian Tiger economies (i) fertility rates (i), (ii) high growth maintained (i) high-speed rail links (i) middle- to high-income (i) RCEP (i) SCIOs and (i) TPP member (i) Singapore Airlines (i) Sino IC Fund (i) Sino-Japanese war (1895) (i) see also Japan Sinochem (i) Sinopec (i) skyscrapers (i) Slovenia (i) smaller banks at risk (i) Smith, Adam (i), (ii) Social Insurance Law (2011) (i), (ii) social security (i), (ii), (iii) social unrest (i) socialism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) SOEs (state-owned enterprises) (i), (ii) attempts to strengthen (i) debt for equity programmes (i) debts of (i), (ii) expansion (i) imprudent lending to (i) lagging behind private firms (i) more required of (i) privatisation (i) public-private partnerships (i) reform of (i), (ii) n16 viability (i) Sony (i) sorghum (i) Soros, George (i) South Africa BRICS (i), (ii) Chinese interests in (i) education completion rate (i) middle- to high-income (i) Renminbi reserves (i) South China Sea contested islands (i) global sea-borne trade (i) maritime goals in (i) rimland (i) Scarborough Shoal (i) Taiwan and (i) South Korea see also Korea ASEAN (i) Asian crisis (i) Asian Tiger economies (i) attitude to Renminbi bloc (i) China restricts tourism (i) external surplus comparison (i) fertility rates (i), (ii) high growth maintained (i) middle- to high-income (i), (ii) old-age dependency ratio (i) protectionist barriers (i) protests against (i) RCEP (i) retirement in (i) robots (i) US steel imports (i) Southern Tour (Deng) (i), (ii), (iii) Soviet Communist Party (i), (ii) Soviet Union backs Mao (i) fall of (i) see also Russia models adopted from (i) relations with (i) technological expertise (i) Xi learns lessons from (i) Spain (i), (ii), (iii) Special Drawing Rights (IMF) see also IMF importance of Remninbi (i) lack of practical purpose for China (i), (ii) prestige associated with (i) Renminbi admitted to (i) special economic zones (SEZs) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Spykman, Nicholas John (i), (ii) Sri Lanka (i), (ii), (iii) Starbucks (i) State Administration for Foreign Exchange (SAFE) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) n7 State Council Development Research Center (i) Financial Stability and Development Committee (i) housing reform (i), (ii) Made in China 2025 (MIC25) (i) merger of Regulatory Commissions (i) regulations for migrants (i) SOEs regulation (i) state intervention (i), (ii) State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC) (i), (ii) steel (i), (ii) Stern, Lord Nicholas (i) stock market (i) structure of banking system (i) sub-Saharan Africa (i) see also Africa Suez Canal (i) Sun Yat-sen (i), (ii) Sun Zhigang (i) Sunseeker (i) Sweden (i), (ii) SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications) (i) Swissport (i) Switzerland (i), (ii) Taiping Rebellion (i), (ii) Taiwan ageing population (i) agricultural produce of (i) Asian Tiger economies (i) diplomatic relations established (i) fertility rate (i) ‘first island chain’ (i) Foxconn (i) high growth maintained (i) loss of suzerainty (i), (ii) middle- to high-income (i) old-age dependency ratio (i) Renminbi bloc, attitude to (i) Ryukyu islands (i) separatism issue (i), (ii) US arms sales (i) Tanzania (i), (ii) Tariff Act 1930 (i) technology (i), (ii) Tencent (i), (ii) TFP (total productivity factor) (i) Thailand ASEAN (i) Asian crisis (i) disputes (i) high growth maintained (i) middle-income country (i) rail projects (i), (ii) Thames Estuary (i) Third Front Initiative (i) Tiananmen Gate (i) Tiananmen Square (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Tianjin (Tientsin) coal mines (i) colonial architecture (i) demilitarised zone (i) free trade zone (i), (ii) growing role (i) water shortages (i) Tibet (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Tientsin, Treaty of (i) tiers (classification of cities) (i) Togo (i) Tomorrow Group (i) TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) (i), (ii), (iii) Trade Act 1974 (i) trains (i), (ii) Transparency International (i) transport 13th Five-Year Plan (i) BRI initiatives (i), (ii) car sales (i), (ii) freight trains (i) rail network (i) traps (four economic) (i), (ii) Treasury (US) (i) treaty ports (i), (ii), (iii) Trump, Donald AI budget proposals (i) America First (i) China accused (i) China aided by (i) China’s edgy response (i) focus of (i) takes issue with China (i) TPP withdrawal (i) views on trade (i) Tsingtao brewery (i) TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership) (i) Turkey (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Turkic language speakers (i) TVEs (town and village enterprises) (i), (ii) UK see Britain unemployment (i) UNESCO (i) United Nations Population Division (i), (ii) United States (i) America First (i), (ii) arms sales to Taiwan (i) Asian economies and the dollar (i) Bretton Woods (i) challenges from (i) China and, a progress report (i) China and the dollar (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) China as Trump’s major target (i) China’s direct investment (i) dollar’s survival (i) future administrations (i) Japan and (i) Marshall Plan (i), (ii) Mexican border (i) North Korea (i) products sold to China (i) Renminbi ‘manipulation’ (i) retreat from global leadership (i) rimland (i) rivalry with (i) tariffs (i) trade and technology disputes (i) trade deficit with China (i), (ii) Trump accuses China (i) Trump’s effect on (i) University of Wisconsin-Madison (i) Unlikely Partners (Julian Gewirtz) (i) Ural Mountains (i) urban living (i), (ii), (iii) Vanke Real Estate Corporation (i) Vasco da Gama (i) VAT (i) Venezuela (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Versailles, Treaty of (i), (ii) vested interests (i) Vientiane (i) Vietnam 18th century (i) American steel imports (i) ASEAN (i) Chinese claims (i) Human Freedom Index (i) low value manufacturing moves to (i), (ii) TPP (i) Voltaire (i) Waldorf Astoria, Manhattan (i) Walmart (i) Wang Qishan (i) WAP (working-age population) see also population statistics child dependency and (i) defining (i) falls for first time (i), (ii) immigration rates and (i) low-cost workers (i) productivity and (i) retirement age and (i) water scarcity (i), (ii), (iii) Wellington Street (Hong Kong) (i) Wen Jiabao (i), (ii), (iii) West, the bad decisions written off by (i) China and, reviewed (i) financial crisis (i), (ii), (iii) individualism (i) rising tensions with (i) Western mindsets (i) Western skills used (i) ‘Western values’ (i) Xi minded to press his advantage (i) West Point Military Academy (i) Why Nations Fail (Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson) (i) WMPs (wealth management products) nature of (i), (ii) regulatory issues (i), (ii) small and medium size banks (i) women (i), (ii) World Bank 2015 research paper (i) ‘China 2030’ (i) China’s integration (i) Chinese cities controlled (i) ‘Governance Indicators’ (i) labour force participation (i) laissez-faire reconsidered (i) LGFV liabilities (i) MES and (i) middle income nations (i), (ii) world dominance (i) World Economic Forum (i) World Health Organization (i) World Heritage Sites (i) World Intellectual Property Organization (i) World Trade Organization (WTO) admitted (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) balance of payments surge (i) export booms from (i) GATT and (i) globalisation effects (i), (ii) preparations for joining (i), (ii) retaliation rules (i) Wu Xiaohui (i) Wuhan (i) Wuhan Greenland Tower (i) Wuhan Iron and Steel (i) Wuhan Motor Engines (i) Xcerra (i) Xi Jinping see also Communist Party all-powerful (i) anti-corruption campaigns (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) Belt and Road Initiative see Belt and Road Initiative capital controls (i) Chinese Dream invoked (i), (ii) Communist Party and see Communist Party emperor-like status (i), (ii) energy and pollution aims (i) financial security campaign (i), (ii) first Belt and Road Forum (i) jeopardy (i) Leading Small Groups (i) Mao and (i), (ii), (iii) Mao, Deng and (i) president for life?

MegaThreats: Ten Dangerous Trends That Imperil Our Future, and How to Survive Them by Nouriel Roubini

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, 3D printing, 9 dash line, AI winter, AlphaGo, artificial general intelligence, asset allocation, assortative mating, autonomous vehicles, bank run, banking crisis, basic income, Bear Stearns, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bletchley Park, blockchain, Boston Dynamics, Bretton Woods, British Empire, business cycle, business process, call centre, carbon tax, Carmen Reinhart, cashless society, central bank independence, collateralized debt obligation, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, credit crunch, crony capitalism, cryptocurrency, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, data is the new oil, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, decarbonisation, deep learning, DeepMind, deglobalization, Demis Hassabis, democratizing finance, Deng Xiaoping, disintermediation, Dogecoin, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, energy transition, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, eurozone crisis, failed state, fake news, family office, fiat currency, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial repression, fixed income, floating exchange rates, forward guidance, Fractional reserve banking, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, friendshoring, full employment, future of work, game design, geopolitical risk, George Santayana, Gini coefficient, global pandemic, global reserve currency, global supply chain, GPS: selective availability, green transition, Greensill Capital, Greenspan put, Herbert Marcuse, high-speed rail, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, inflation targeting, initial coin offering, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invention of movable type, Isaac Newton, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge worker, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, low skilled workers, low-wage service sector, M-Pesa, margin call, market bubble, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, meme stock, Michael Milken, middle-income trap, Mikhail Gorbachev, Minsky moment, Modern Monetary Theory, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, moral hazard, mortgage debt, Mustafa Suleyman, Nash equilibrium, natural language processing, negative equity, Nick Bostrom, non-fungible token, non-tariff barriers, ocean acidification, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, paradox of thrift, pets.com, Phillips curve, planetary scale, Ponzi scheme, precariat, price mechanism, price stability, public intellectual, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, Ralph Waldo Emerson, ransomware, Ray Kurzweil, regulatory arbitrage, reserve currency, reshoring, Robert Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, Savings and loan crisis, Second Machine Age, short selling, Silicon Valley, smart contracts, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, TED Talk, The Great Moderation, the payments system, Thomas L Friedman, TikTok, too big to fail, Turing test, universal basic income, War on Poverty, warehouse robotics, Washington Consensus, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, working-age population, Yogi Berra, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game, zoonotic diseases

The panel’s moderator said aloud, “I think perhaps we need a stiff drink.” That drew a laugh from a skeptical audience. The speaker after me noted that my predictions did not use mathematical models. He rejected my analysis as mere hunches of a perennial pessimist. In February 2007 I stressed my concern again, on a panel on the global outlook at the annual World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Denial was still powerful. US Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke had declared that a housing correction was due, but he ruled out any dire spillover effects. He foresaw no financial crisis, much less a systemic threat to the banking system. I respectfully disagreed, warning instead that we should brace for a bumpy ride and a global—not just US—financial crisis.

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Manu Kumar and Brad Setser are longtime friends and intellectual colleagues: I learned a lot from both of them and very much appreciate their friendship. I benefited a lot from feedback received at many conferences and other venues where I presented my views over the years, including the World Economic Forum at Davos, the Ambrosetti Forum, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Bank for International Settlements, the Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee, the Milken Institute Global Conference, the NBER, and the CEPR. Many academic colleagues—some with invaluable policy and/or markets experience—have been a source of great food for thought and important ideas: Ken Rogoff, Barry Eichengreen, Dani Rodrik, Maury Obstfeld, Jeff Frankel, Bill Nordhaus, Larry Kotlikoff, Jeff Sachs, Michael Pettis, Alberto Alesina, Richard Portes, Helen Rey, Paul Krugman, Carmen Reinhart, Nassim Taleb, Raghu Rajan, Joe Stiglitz, Niall Ferguson, Robert Shiller, Kishore Mahbubani, Willem Buiter, Giancarlo Corsetti, Brad DeLong, and Steven Mihm (my co-author of Crisis Economics).

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My reception affirmed that even the prominent experts at Davos may not see trouble before it’s too late. It’s a classic bias in human thinking: most of us never want to imagine the worst. We are optimists by nature. Personally, I find the zeitgeist at Davos every year to be a contrarian indicator of the future. If everyone in the Davos set believes something will happen—good or bad, as it may be—they are highly likely to be wrong. Consensus groupthink often rules among the world’s elites. The same event gave me another chance to voice my contrarian perspective. My second Davos presentation probed the future of the European monetary union with an eye to the risks ahead.

Extreme Money: Masters of the Universe and the Cult of Risk by Satyajit Das

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", "there is no alternative" (TINA), "World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic trading, Andy Kessler, AOL-Time Warner, Asian financial crisis, asset allocation, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, banks create money, Basel III, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Black Swan, Bonfire of the Vanities, bonus culture, book value, Bretton Woods, BRICs, British Empire, business cycle, buy the rumour, sell the news, capital asset pricing model, carbon credits, Carl Icahn, Carmen Reinhart, carried interest, Celtic Tiger, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, corporate governance, corporate raider, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, deal flow, debt deflation, Deng Xiaoping, deskilling, discrete time, diversification, diversified portfolio, Doomsday Clock, Dr. Strangelove, Dutch auction, Edward Thorp, Emanuel Derman, en.wikipedia.org, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, eurozone crisis, Everybody Ought to Be Rich, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, financial independence, financial innovation, financial thriller, fixed income, foreign exchange controls, full employment, Glass-Steagall Act, global reserve currency, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Goodhart's law, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Greenspan put, happiness index / gross national happiness, haute cuisine, Herman Kahn, high net worth, Hyman Minsky, index fund, information asymmetry, interest rate swap, invention of the wheel, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", job automation, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, John Bogle, John Meriwether, joint-stock company, Jones Act, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, Kevin Kelly, laissez-faire capitalism, load shedding, locking in a profit, Long Term Capital Management, Louis Bachelier, low interest rates, margin call, market bubble, market fundamentalism, Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, mega-rich, merger arbitrage, Michael Milken, Mikhail Gorbachev, Milgram experiment, military-industrial complex, Minsky moment, money market fund, Mont Pelerin Society, moral hazard, mortgage debt, mortgage tax deduction, mutually assured destruction, Myron Scholes, Naomi Klein, National Debt Clock, negative equity, NetJets, Network effects, new economy, Nick Leeson, Nixon shock, Northern Rock, nuclear winter, oil shock, Own Your Own Home, Paul Samuelson, pets.com, Philip Mirowski, Phillips curve, planned obsolescence, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, price anchoring, price stability, profit maximization, proprietary trading, public intellectual, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, random walk, Ray Kurzweil, regulatory arbitrage, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, rent control, rent-seeking, reserve currency, Richard Feynman, Richard Thaler, Right to Buy, risk free rate, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, road to serfdom, Robert Shiller, Rod Stewart played at Stephen Schwarzman birthday party, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Satyajit Das, savings glut, shareholder value, Sharpe ratio, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, six sigma, Slavoj Žižek, South Sea Bubble, special economic zone, statistical model, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, survivorship bias, tail risk, Teledyne, The Chicago School, The Great Moderation, the market place, the medium is the message, The Myth of the Rational Market, The Nature of the Firm, the new new thing, The Predators' Ball, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, trickle-down economics, Turing test, two and twenty, Upton Sinclair, value at risk, Yogi Berra, zero-coupon bond, zero-sum game

The media celebrated George Soros’ 1992 attack on the pound sterling as victory over an inept and poor government. Bankers joined industrialists and celebrities as Davos men and women.13 At the Davos World Economic Forum, the Boao Forum in Asia and the IMF/World Bank annual meetings, the financial elite meets to exchange views, coordinate strategies, and shape policy, captured by the paparazzi. The events are open to people whose adoring and uncritical media profiles promote their purported business genius and ability to walk on water. Believing that they are special, they associate only with special others who understand them. At Davos the diverse mix is confusing—celebrities wanting to be intellectuals, intellectuals wanting to be celebrities, and bankers wanting to be both celebrities and intellectuals.

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Joseph Akermann, head of Germany’s Deutsche Bank, thought that adding women to the firm’s men-only management board would make the forum “more colorful and prettier.”22 In 2007 Morgan Stanley agreed to pay $62 million to settle a number of gender discrimination claims bought by female employees. Writing about her experiences at the 2011 World Economic Forum in Davos, journalist Anya Schiffrin, the wife of economist Joseph Stiglitz, recorded the humiliation of the women who make up a small portion of attendees. In a world where titles on conference badges are everything, the plain white name badges defined a wife’s low status. The only position that is worse is that of a Davos mistress, who usually does not get a badge at all.23 Smiling and Killing French philosopher Michel Foucault identified a carceral continuum, the system of cruelty, power, supervision, surveillance, and enforcement of acceptable behavior affecting working and domestic lives.

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But “he did not know that it was already behind him.”20 This Time, It Is No Different! Failure is generally not fatal but failure to change can be. But no real progress is possible until everybody faces up to the fundamental problems. Yet no one seems to have learned anything at all. At the 2011 World Economic Forum at Davos, a Report—More Credit with Fewer Crises: Responsibly Meeting the World’s Growing Demand for Credit—forecasts that global borrowings will double between 2009 and 2020 to $213 trillion, a growth rate of 6.3 percent per annum. This follows a doubling of global credit between 2000 and 2009 from $57 trillion to $109 trillion, a 7.5 percent compound annual growth rate.

After the New Economy: The Binge . . . And the Hangover That Won't Go Away by Doug Henwood

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, AOL-Time Warner, Asian financial crisis, barriers to entry, Benchmark Capital, book value, borderless world, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, business cycle, California energy crisis, capital controls, corporate governance, corporate raider, correlation coefficient, credit crunch, deindustrialization, dematerialisation, deskilling, digital divide, electricity market, emotional labour, ending welfare as we know it, feminist movement, fulfillment center, full employment, gender pay gap, George Gilder, glass ceiling, Glass-Steagall Act, Gordon Gekko, government statistician, greed is good, half of the world's population has never made a phone call, income inequality, indoor plumbing, intangible asset, Internet Archive, job satisfaction, joint-stock company, Kevin Kelly, labor-force participation, Larry Ellison, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, low interest rates, manufacturing employment, Mary Meeker, means of production, Michael Milken, minimum wage unemployment, Naomi Klein, new economy, occupational segregation, PalmPilot, pets.com, post-work, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, rewilding, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, rolling blackouts, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, statistical model, stock buybacks, structural adjustment programs, tech worker, Telecommunications Act of 1996, telemarketer, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, total factor productivity, union organizing, War on Poverty, warehouse automation, women in the workforce, working poor, zero-sum game

There are also legal arrangements Hke NAFTA, and organizations Hke the IMF and WTO, which are the cells of an embryonic transnational state. Robinson and Harris single out the World Economic Forum (WEF), a group founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab, a Swiss professor of business, policy entrepreneur, and social cHmber. At first it was quiet and mostly European, but it grew over time, and by the 1990s had evolved into a gathering of a global business, government, and media eHte—most famous for its annual meetings in Davos (though the 2002 edition was held in New York). It's undoubtedly one of the ways by which that world elite has constituted itself, learning to think, feel, and act in common.

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So even that project of integration, which has everything going for it, has a long way to go. And again, it's fairer to call it regional, involving as it does only half the European continent, rather than truly global. Back to the World Economic Forum. In the 1990s, the meetings were reportedly much giddier afiairs, when the U.S. economy was booming, the new economy was still new, and the creature that Thomas Friedman of the New York Times calls Davos Man seemed young and healthy. For the last few years, the WEF was convening against a backdrop of very bad news—^Enron, Argentina, recession, terrorism, and protests outside directed against them and all they stand for.

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"^ Of course, good American individualists don't like to talk about the public sector, since their hero is the plucky entrepreneur. This entrepreneur's contribution is frirther called into question by the unpleasant fact that the stodgy social democracies of Scandinavia are among the most wired countries around. In early 2003, the World Economic Forum proclaimed Finland the most tech-sawy nation in the world. Fact-checking the Ukes of Allen Sinai is pretty unrewarding work, even though someone has to. But fact may never have had much to do with it. A good bit of the New Economy discourse was a product of fantasy, a symptom of American triumphaUsm—^very much like the globalization narrative that Paul Smith takes apart in Millennial Dreams (Smith 1996).

The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power by Jacob Helberg

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 2021 United States Capitol attack, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air gap, Airbnb, algorithmic management, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bike sharing, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Brexit referendum, cable laying ship, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Cass Sunstein, cloud computing, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, crisis actor, data is the new oil, data science, decentralized internet, deep learning, deepfake, deglobalization, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, deplatforming, digital nomad, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, dual-use technology, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, end-to-end encryption, fail fast, fake news, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, geopolitical risk, glass ceiling, global pandemic, global supply chain, Google bus, Google Chrome, GPT-3, green new deal, information security, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, knowledge economy, Larry Ellison, lockdown, Loma Prieta earthquake, low earth orbit, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Mary Meeker, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Mohammed Bouazizi, move fast and break things, Nate Silver, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, one-China policy, open economy, OpenAI, Parler "social media", Peter Thiel, QAnon, QR code, race to the bottom, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, reshoring, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Russian election interference, Salesforce, Sam Altman, satellite internet, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart grid, SoftBank, Solyndra, South China Sea, SpaceX Starlink, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, supply-chain attack, Susan Wojcicki, tech worker, techlash, technoutopianism, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, TSMC, Twitter Arab Spring, uber lyft, undersea cable, Unsafe at Any Speed, Valery Gerasimov, vertical integration, Wargames Reagan, Westphalian system, white picket fence, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, zero-sum game

Securities and Exchange Commission, January 31, 2020, https://investors.zoom.us/static-files/09a01665-5f33-4007-8e90-de02219886aa. 29 Betsy Woodruff Swan, “State report: Russian, Chinese and Iranian disinformation narratives echo one another,” Politico, April 21, 2020, https://www.politico.com/news/2020/04/21/russia-china-iran-disinformation-coronavirus-state-department-193107. 30 Yuval Harari, “Read Yuval Harari’s blistering warning to Davos in full,” World Economic Forum, January 24, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/yuval-hararis-warning-davos-speech-future-predications/. 31 Chris Brose, The Kill Chain: Defending America in the Future of High-Tech Warfare (New York: Hachette, 2020), xii. 32 Jane Zhang, “China created a unicorn every 3.8 days in 2018,” South China Morning Post, January 27, 2019, https://www.scmp.com/tech/start-ups/article/2183717/china-created-unicorn-every-38-days-2018. 33 John Adams, “To Thomas Jefferson from John Adams, 6 December 1787,” Founders Online, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-12-02-0405. 34 Josh Constine, “AOL Instant Messenger is shutting down after 20 years,” TechCrunch, October 6, 2017, https://techcrunch.com/2017/10/06/aol-instant-messenger-shut-down/. 35 Angus King, “CSC Final Report,” Cyberspace Solarium Commission, March 2020, https://www.solarium.gov/report. 36 Sir Winston S.

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China’s Artificial Intelligence Push into Africa,” Council on Foreign Relations, December 17, 2018, https://www.cfr.org/blog/exporting-repression-chinas-artificial-intelligence-push-africa. 100 Adrian Shahbaz, “The Rise of Digital Authoritarianism,” Freedom House, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/2018/rise-digital-authoritarianism. 101 Ghalia Kadiri, “A Addis-Abeba, le siège de l’Union africaine espionné par Pékin,” Le Monde, January. 26, 2018, https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2018/01/26/a-addis-abeba-le-siege-de-l-union-africaine-espionne-par-les-chinois_5247521_3212.html. 102 Joe Parkinson, Nicholas Bariyo, and Josh Chin, “Huawei Technicians Helped African Governments Spy on Political Opponents,” Wall Street Journal, August 15, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/huawei-technicians-helped-african-governments-spy-on-political-opponents-11565793017. 103 Yuval Harari, “Read Yuval Harari’s blistering warning to Davos in full,” World Economic Forum, January 24, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/yuval-hararis-warning-davos-speech-future-predications/. 104 Vincent, “Watch Jordan Peele use AI to make Barack Obama deliver a PSA about fake news.” Chapter 5: THE HILL AND THE VALLEY 1 “Transcript with Rep. Cicilline,” Rev, https://www.rev.com/transcript-editor/shared/_FX24Jlb75YkV0wn0tdgEzn7hr3YnKHiYFRaJHC36cpuN8-hRZCoC_eanIZkNRqAAoCUFtC5429mmv3rvjnTX3PpTLo?

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“Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind,” Barlow wrote. “On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.”41 Ironically, Barlow penned his declaration in Davos, Switzerland, home to the World Economic Forum, which draws top global leaders and thinkers—hardly a hotbed of nonconformity. Yet the twenty-five-year-old manifesto makes clear that even if Edward Snowden had never absconded with the National Security Agency’s secrets, and even if Putin’s Internet Research Agency had never heard of Twitter, Silicon Valley and Washington were perhaps destined to end up at odds with each other.

The Raging 2020s: Companies, Countries, People - and the Fight for Our Future by Alec Ross

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", "World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, air gap, air traffic controllers' union, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, An Inconvenient Truth, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, benefit corporation, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, big-box store, British Empire, call centre, capital controls, clean water, collective bargaining, computer vision, coronavirus, corporate governance, corporate raider, COVID-19, deep learning, Deng Xiaoping, Didi Chuxing, disinformation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Donald Trump, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, drone strike, dumpster diving, employer provided health coverage, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, general purpose technology, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global supply chain, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, high-speed rail, hiring and firing, income inequality, independent contractor, information security, intangible asset, invisible hand, Jeff Bezos, knowledge worker, late capitalism, low skilled workers, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, mass immigration, megacity, military-industrial complex, minimum wage unemployment, mittelstand, mortgage tax deduction, natural language processing, Oculus Rift, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, open economy, OpenAI, Parag Khanna, Paris climate accords, profit motive, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Bork, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, self-driving car, shareholder value, side hustle, side project, Silicon Valley, smart cities, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, sovereign wealth fund, sparse data, special economic zone, Steven Levy, stock buybacks, strikebreaker, TaskRabbit, tech bro, tech worker, transcontinental railway, transfer pricing, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, vertical integration, working poor

In the thirty-five years Trumka has been the president of a union, he has played the insider’s game. He attends the World Economic Forum in Davos every year, and while in Washington he frequents the Hay-Adams, a power-meal mecca with twenty-five-dollar lobster omelets on the menu. (In fairness, he notes it’s a union shop.) He’s making a mistake to think that you have to wear the camouflage of the corporate elite to get the C-suite and the halls of Congress to respond to you. It’s the opposite. In my experience, with every mouthful of lobster omelet in Washington and canapé in Davos, the union leaders lose their edge. They are dulled. They are members of the Davos crowd, but junior members.

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Similarly, while it is unrealistic to expect that the janitor of a company will make anywhere near the same wage as the CEO, it is reasonable to have a measure and judge the company based on whether the difference in that compensation is ten times or one hundred times or ten thousand times. I remember being at a party in Davos during the World Economic Forum, held in the chalet of a billionaire. Stakeholder capitalism critic Dan Loeb was talking to a fellow billionaire, Sean Parker, discussing the costs of private jets relative to the altitudes they can reach. “I won’t pay $10 million for another five thousand feet of altitude,” Parker said to Loeb.

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When Gregg Lemkau suggested setting a diversity threshold for IPOs, Solomon jumped at the idea. “Can we do that?” he asked Lemkau. “We can do anything we want,” Lemkau replied. There was not much time to shop it around: it was December 2019, and Solomon wanted to announce the initiative the following month at the World Economic Forum in Davos. As Lemkau hammered out the details of the policy, he met some resistance. Certain energy companies and family-owned businesses asked for exceptions. Within Goldman Sachs, some people feared the decision would cost Goldman business. Emails between Solomon and Lemkau pegged the number of new US listings they had done since 2016 without female directors at approximately 20 percent.

Don't Be Evil: How Big Tech Betrayed Its Founding Principles--And All of US by Rana Foroohar

"Susan Fowler" uber, "World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic bias, algorithmic management, AltaVista, Andy Rubin, autonomous vehicles, banking crisis, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Bernie Madoff, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, book scanning, Brewster Kahle, Burning Man, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, cashless society, clean tech, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, computer age, corporate governance, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, cryptocurrency, data is the new oil, data science, deal flow, death of newspapers, decentralized internet, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, digital rights, disinformation, disintermediation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Filter Bubble, financial engineering, future of work, Future Shock, game design, gig economy, global supply chain, Gordon Gekko, Great Leap Forward, greed is good, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, information asymmetry, intangible asset, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, job satisfaction, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, life extension, light touch regulation, low interest rates, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, move fast and break things, Network effects, new economy, offshore financial centre, PageRank, patent troll, Paul Volcker talking about ATMs, paypal mafia, Peter Thiel, pets.com, price discrimination, profit maximization, race to the bottom, recommendation engine, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Bork, Sand Hill Road, search engine result page, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, smart cities, Snapchat, SoftBank, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, stock buybacks, subscription business, supply-chain management, surveillance capitalism, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, tech worker, TED Talk, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Chicago School, the long tail, the new new thing, Tim Cook: Apple, too big to fail, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, Upton Sinclair, warehouse robotics, WeWork, WikiLeaks, zero-sum game

Alex Shephard, “Facebook Has a Genocide Problem,” The New Republic, March 15, 2018. 14. Edelman Trust Barometer, ibid. 15. Rana Foroohar, “The Dangers of Digital Democracy,” Financial Times, January 28, 2018. 16. George Soros, “Remarks Delivered at the World Economic Forum,” January 24, 2019, https://www.georgesoros.com/​2019/​01/​24/​remarks-delivered-at-the-world-economic-forum-2/. 17. Rana Foroohar, “Facebook’s Data Sharing Shows It Is Not a US Champion,” Financial Times, June 6, 2018. 18. Kate Conger and Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Employees Protest Secret Work on Censored Search Engine for China,” The New York Times, August 16, 2018. 19.

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It was following the “move fast and break things” ethos long before Facebook.2 I’ve been following the company for over twenty years, and I first encountered the celebrated Google founders, Page and Brin, not in the Valley, but in Davos, the Swiss gathering spot of the global power elite, where they’d taken over a small chalet to meet with a select group of media.3 The year was 2007. The company had just purchased YouTube a few months back, and it seemed eager to convince skeptical journalists that this acquisition wasn’t yet another death blow to copyright, paid content creation, and the viability of the news publications for which we worked. Unlike the buttoned-up consulting types from McKinsey and BCG, or the suited executives from the old guard multinational corporations that roamed the promenades of Davos, their tasseled loafers slipping on the icy paths, the Googlers were the cool bunch.

…

Rana Foroohar, “China’s Xi Jinping Is No Davos Man,” Financial Times, January 20, 2019. 13. Ibid. 14. Jordan Robertson and Michael Riley, “The Big Hack: How China Used a Tiny Chip to Infiltrate U.S. Companies,” Bloomberg Businessweek, October 4, 2018. 15. Lee outlines some of this in his book AI Superpowers as I do in Makers and Takers. 16. Rana Foroohar, “Advantage China in the Race to Control AI?” Financial Times, September 21, 2018. 17. Rana Foroohar, “Fight the FAANGs, Not China,” Financial Times, May 6, 2018. 18. Foroohar, “China’s Xi Jinping Is No Davos Man.” 19. Lauren Easton, “How I Got That Photo of Zuckerberg’s Notes,” Associated Press, April 11, 2018. 20.

The Human City: Urbanism for the Rest of Us by Joel Kotkin

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alvin Toffler, autonomous vehicles, birth tourism , blue-collar work, British Empire, carbon footprint, Celebration, Florida, citizen journalism, colonial rule, crony capitalism, deindustrialization, demographic winter, Deng Xiaoping, Downton Abbey, edge city, Edward Glaeser, financial engineering, financial independence, Frank Gehry, gentrification, Gini coefficient, Google bus, housing crisis, illegal immigration, income inequality, informal economy, intentional community, Jane Jacobs, labor-force participation, land reform, Lewis Mumford, life extension, market bubble, mass immigration, McMansion, megacity, megaproject, microapartment, new economy, New Urbanism, Own Your Own Home, peak oil, pensions crisis, Peter Calthorpe, post-industrial society, RAND corporation, Richard Florida, rising living standards, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Seaside, Florida, self-driving car, Shenzhen was a fishing village, Silicon Valley, starchitect, Stewart Brand, streetcar suburb, Ted Nelson, the built environment, trade route, transit-oriented development, upwardly mobile, urban planning, urban renewal, urban sprawl, Victor Gruen, Whole Earth Catalog, women in the workforce, young professional

“Your Commute is Shrinking/Bay Area workers drive less as more jobs move out of suburbs,” SFGate, http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/YOUR-COMMUTE-IS-SHRINKING-Bay-Area-workers-2540280.php. HOLTHAUS, Eric. (2015, January 23). “Hundreds of Private Jets Delivered People to Davos. Also, It’s Climate Change Day at Davos,” Slate, http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/01/23/davos_climate_change_hundreds_of_private_jets_at_the_world_economic_forum.html. HOOI, Joyce. (2012, October 9). “More than half of S’poreans would migrate if given a choice: Survey,” AsiaOne, http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20121007-376116.html. HOPE, Katie. (2014, March 24).

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Increasingly, those calling for more densification are people who, as one Los Angeles newspaper found, enjoy the very lifestyle—in gated communities and large houses located far from transit routes—they wish to eradicate for others.111 The ultimate absurdity of this new approach to urbanity was on display at the World Economic Forum’s 2015 Davos meeting, epitomized in the focus on climate change by people who used some 1,700 private jets to attend the Swiss event.112 The people blowing fuel on private jets somehow feel empowered to ask everyone else to live more modestly. One has to wonder about Davos-goers like billionaire real estate investor Jeff Greene, who says that to fight climate change, America needs to “live a smaller existence.” This coming from a man who has owned as many as five houses, including an un-small $195 million Beverly Hills estate that was, at the time, possibly the country’s priciest residence.113 SEARCHING FOR THE HUMAN CITY In many ways, we are faced with a crisis that parallels that of the industrial city, with ever-widening inequality, widespread poverty, and social alienation.

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“The Life and Death of Great American Cities,” American Enterprise Institute, http://www.aei.org/publication/the-life-and-death-of-great-american-cities/. SCHWAB, Klaus. (2013). “The Global Competitiveness Report: 2013-2014,” World Economic Forum, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2013-14.pdf. SCHWEIZER, Peter. (2015, January 20). “1,700 Private Jets Fly to Davos to Discuss Global Warming,” http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/01/20/1700-private-jets-fly-to-davos-to-discuss-global-warming/. SCOMMENGA, Paola. (2014, September). “U.S. Baby Boomers Likely to Delay Retirement,” Population Reference Bureau, http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2014/us-babyboomers-retirement.aspx.

Investing to Save the Planet: How Your Money Can Make a Difference by Alice Ross

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, An Inconvenient Truth, barriers to entry, British Empire, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, clean tech, clean water, coronavirus, corporate governance, COVID-19, creative destruction, decarbonisation, diversification, Elon Musk, energy transition, Extinction Rebellion, family office, food miles, Future Shock, global pandemic, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, green transition, Greta Thunberg, high net worth, hiring and firing, impact investing, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Jeff Bezos, lockdown, low interest rates, Lyft, off grid, oil shock, passive investing, Peter Thiel, plant based meat, precision agriculture, risk tolerance, risk/return, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, social distancing, sovereign wealth fund, TED Talk, Tragedy of the Commons, uber lyft, William MacAskill

While some oil billionaires with the ear of government officials are certainly contributing to climate change, other billionaires like Bloomberg and Bill Gates are actively seeking to mitigate it. A lot of billionaires do see climate change as a risk. Respondents to the 2020 Global Risks Report, produced in advance of the World Economic Forum in Davos, an annual gathering of some of the world’s most influential billionaires and policymakers, listed environmental worries as the five main risks to the global economy – the first time the environment had taken all five top slots. The top three risks were deemed to be extreme weather, climate action failure, and natural disasters – as they had been in 2019 as well.

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Rowe Price 88 Trump, Donald 188 Twitter 77, 135 UBS 5, 88, 100–101, 102, 163, 188, 195, 197 ‘unicorn’ companies 34, 128, 146 Unilever 153, 161–2, 174 United Nations (UN): Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030) 4; COP25 climate change convention, Madrid (2019) 188; COP26 climate change convention, Glasgow (2021) 189, 200–201; Earth Day 201; Environment Programme (UNEP) 198–9; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 152; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2, 5, 149; Paris Agreement (2015) 4–5, 10, 42, 73, 74, 76, 78, 93, 109, 111, 117, 132, 165, 188, 193; Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) 13, 97, 181–2, 183, 184, 185, 199–200, 203; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4, 10–11, 12, 40, 42 university endowment funds 45–7, 51–2, 55–7, 60, 65, 67, 74–5 Unreasonable Group 159 Vanguard 88, 89, 97 vegan diet 15, 22, 28, 146, 149–55, 163 Vegetarian Butcher, The 153 Velocys 142 venture capital 3, 18, 36–9, 41, 44, 114, 121, 122, 124, 135–6, 137, 140, 144, 148, 152, 153, 157, 162, 171, 178 Veolia 174 Vestas 7, 124–5 Virgin Atlantic 141 Viridor 174–5 Volkswagen 76, 129, 133, 137 Volvo 77 voting records, company climate-related resolutions 74, 87–9 waste-to-energy 174–5 water funds 12 wealth boom 17–19 Webber, Simon 73, 134 White, Neville 12 wind power 3, 7, 15, 21, 107–8, 110, 111, 114, 115, 120–21, 124–5, 134, 137, 138 Winnow 160 Wirth Research 38 World Economic Forum, Davos: (2019) 6; (2020) 17, 172, 191 World Energy 142 YCloset 175 Yin, Samuel 127–8 ZeroAvia 142 Zouk Capital 139–40 THIS IS JUST THE BEGINNING Find us online and join the conversation Follow us on Twitter twitter.com/penguinukbooks Like us on Facebook facebook.com/penguinbooks Share the love on Instagram instagram.com/penguinukbooks Watch our authors on YouTube youtube.com/penguinbooks Pin Penguin books to your Pinterest pinterest.com/penguinukbooks Listen to audiobook clips at soundcloud.com/penguin-books Find out more about the author and discover your next read at penguin.co.uk PENGUIN BOOKS UK | USA | Canada | Ireland | Australia New Zealand | India | South Africa Penguin Books is part of the Penguin Random House group of companies whose addresses can be found at global.penguinrandomhouse.com.

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Politicians and celebrities alike burnished their green credentials. New poster children for the movement emerged – literally, in the case of Greta Thunberg, the Swedish environmental activist who shot to fame at the age of just 15, having pioneered the movement for school students to strike over the climate in 2018, and who told attendees of the 2019 Davos summit that ‘our house is on fire’. Waking up to climate change in the investment world means looking to see where risks can be avoided and profits can be made. A report by Bank of America declared that the 2020s ‘are shaping up to be the decade of climate opportunity’, predicting that what it calls the climate solutions market could double in value from $1tn to $2tn by 2025.

A Game as Old as Empire: The Secret World of Economic Hit Men and the Web of Global Corruption by Steven Hiatt; John Perkins

"RICO laws" OR "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations", "World Economic Forum" Davos, accelerated depreciation, addicted to oil, airline deregulation, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, Berlin Wall, big-box store, Bob Geldof, book value, Bretton Woods, British Empire, capital controls, centre right, clean water, colonial rule, corporate governance, corporate personhood, deglobalization, deindustrialization, disinformation, Doha Development Round, energy security, European colonialism, export processing zone, financial deregulation, financial independence, full employment, global village, high net worth, land bank, land reform, large denomination, liberal capitalism, Long Term Capital Management, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, moral hazard, Naomi Klein, new economy, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, oil shock, Ponzi scheme, race to the bottom, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, Scramble for Africa, Seymour Hersh, statistical model, structural adjustment programs, Suez crisis 1956, Tax Reform Act of 1986, too big to fail, trade liberalization, transatlantic slave trade, transfer pricing, union organizing, Washington Consensus, working-age population, Yom Kippur War

He was hailed in the Nigerian press: “The move will bolster international commercial confidence in investing in Nigeria,” proclaimed Business Day. 46 His first appearance as OPEC president was at the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland, the annual get-together of the world’s business and political elite. Davos nestles snugly in the Swiss Alps; outside the conference hall, clear, crisp blue skies formed the backdrop to chalets laden with snow. Inside the hall, some 2,300 delegates had come to the ultimate exclusive networking event. OPEC had been represented at Davos for over a decade, but this year it was putting on a special program featuring an “Energy Summit” with the theme of “Managing Tectonic Shifts.”

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., and administration 66, 271, 278 and Iraq War 13, 28 Bush Agenda, The (Juhasz) 4, 275 Cabot Corporation 104, 112n32 Cameroon, foreign debt of 249 Canada 99, 101, 201, 268, 271 Canadian Export Development Corp. 201, 202, 203, 204, 206 capital flight 24, 43–44, 231–36, 253, 258n27 Carter, Jimmy 76, 140 Casey, William 70, 82, 90 Cavallo, Domingo Felipe 238 Cayman Islands, as offshore banking haven 65, 72, 73, 74, 75, 86 Center for Global Energy Studies 145 Center for Strategic and International Studies 119, 120 Central African Republic 231 Central Intelligence Agency 3, 5, 15 Afghan rebels and 70–71 BCCI and 69, 70, 71–72, 73, 76, 78, 79–82, 85 Saudi intelligence services and 75 Chad, foreign debt of 249 Chavez, Hugo 3, 25, 273 Cheney, Dick 28, 133 Chevron Oil 135, 138, 139, 144, 153 in Nigeria 123–24 Chile 236 1973 coup in 27 China 4, 229, 236 foreign debt 222–23 Third World resources and 5, 117–18, 120–21, 124, 126–27, 130 Chomsky, Noam Hegemony or Survival 4 Christian Peacemaker Team 96, 106–8 Citibank, Citigroup 75, 100, 130, 138, 226, 238, 268 Clifford, Clark 78–79, 85, 86, 88 Clinton, Bill, and administration 119, 120, 126, 212, 271 Coalition of Immokalee Workers 272, 280 COFACE 201, 205, 212 Cogecom 100 cold war 4 and decolonization 16–17 Colombia, human rights in 107 colonialism, decline of formal 13–14 coltan: efforts to control 5, 26, 95 shortages of 95 uses for 94 Commission for Africa 251 Communism: appeal of 14 fall of 4, 13, 27, 137–38, 238 Confessions of an Economic Hit Man (Perkins) 1–4, 6, 17 Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire): civil war in 26, 94–96, 108n3 corruption in 24, 254 foreign debt 220, 230, 247, 249 human rights in 107–8 rape as a weapon of war in 93, 96–98 Western role in 98–105, 109n4, 111n29 World Bank and 158 Congo Republic 230, 247, 249 cooperatives 276–77 corporations, as legal persons 277 CorpWatch 278 corruption: culture of 51–54 IMF/World Bank and 24–25, 157–74 offshore banking and 44–45, 52- power and 24 privatization and 24–25, 256n12 COSEC 209–10 Council on Foreign Relations 119–20 dam projects, 209–12 Dar al-Mal al-Islami 89 Daukoru, Edmund 125–27, 128 Davos see World Economic Forum DeBeers Group 101, 103 decolonization 13, 16–17 debt/flight cycle 231–36, 253, 258n27 debt relief, campaigns for 246, 252–55, 268 in U.S. 235 debt, Third World 32, 35 amount of relief 224–29 banks and 226–27, 229, 232–34 business loans 35–37, 227 cold war strategy and 17 corruption and 230, 231, 232, 253, 254, 257n23 1982 crisis 39, 55 disunity among debtor nations 237–39 dubious debts and 230, 235, 247, 253, 257n23, 261n68 growth of 18–19, 181, 229–36 as means of control 17, 23, 183–84 payments on 19, 190–91, 223, 228, 231, 247–48, 275 relief plans 220–22, 225–29, 239–52, 274 size of 221–24, 259n37, 260n46 social/economic impacts of 190–91, 231–36, 247–48 democracy: debt crisis and 236 economic reform and 276–79 global justice and 279–81 in Iraq 151–54 Deutsche Bank 226 drug trade 70, 80, 87 Dubai 73 Dulles, Alan 15 Eagle Wings Resources International 104 East Timor 205 economic development strategies: “big projects” and 16–17 debt-led 18–19 state-led 16–17, 19 economic forecasting 3 economic hit men 5 definition 1, 3, 18 John Perkins and 1–4, 17 types of 5, 18 Ecuador 236, 266 foreign debt 244 Egypt 14 Suez Crisis 15–16 Eisenhower, Dwight, and administration 15 elites, wealthy 4, 18, 57, 176, 183, 228, 232, 253 use of tax havens 43–44, 54–56, 65–66, 226, 232–34 El Salvador 26 empire see imperialism Eni SpA 144, 153 Enron 53, 54, 208–9 Ethiopia 230, 249 European Union 51 agricultural subsidies 22 environment degradation: development projects and 199, 200–211, 257n23 oil production and 115–16 export credit agencies: arms exports and 204–5 campaigns against 209–16 corruption and 200, 202–3, 205, 207–8 debt and 200 environmental effects 199, 200–211 nuclear power and 202, 205–6 operation of 197–201 secrecy of 205, 210–12 size of 201 World Bank and 199, 201, 202, 204 Export Credit Group 210, 215 Export Credits Guarantee Department 201, 205, 211 Export Finance and Investment Corp. 203, 204 export processing zones 178 Export Risk Guarantee 203, 211, 213 ExxonMobil 144 fair trade movement 280 Faisal, Mohammad al-89 Faux, Jeff Global Class War, The 4 Federal Bureau of Investigation 71 Federal Reserve Bank of New York 87 Federal Reserve System 78, 82, 88 Ferguson, Niall 13 First American Bankshares 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 88 First Quantum Materials 101 First, Ruth 26 Focus on the Global South 187, 273 foreign aid 19 in Congo civil war 99–100 France 236, 244 empire 13 Suez Crisis and 15 free trade 4, 19, 21–23, 268, 271 British development and 21 U.S. development and 21 Free Trade Area of the Americas 271 Friends of the Earth 104, 269 G8 summits 212, 213, 219–20, 221, 246, 250, 271, 275 Gambia 243, 249 García, Alan 74 Gates, Robert 85 Gécamines 100, 104 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade agricultural trade 186–87 establishment of 267 TRIPS 23 Uruguay Round 23, 267 General Union of Oil Employees 135–36, 141–44 Georgia 207 Germany 212, 213, 216, 236 export credit agency 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 209–11, 212, 215–16 Green Party 206, 215 Ghana 16 development projects in 16, 207 foreign debt 230, 247, 249 impact of IMF SAP 5, 22 Giuliani, Carlo 271 Global Awareness Collective 278 Global Class War, The (Faux) 4 Global Exchange 278 globalization 3 alternatives to corporate 275–79 economic 176–79, 230, 236 impacts of 185–90, 234, 236, 263–65 of the financial system 55, 63–66 Globalization and Its Discontents (Stiglitz) 3, 4 Global justice movement: achievements of 276–79 campaigns 269–72, 274–75 in Global North 268–69, 271–72, 274 in Global South 271–74 origins of 268–69 proposals of 275–79 protests by 265–66, 270–71 Global South see Third World Gonzalez, Henry 72, 90 Gorbachev, Mikhail 137 Goulart, João 27 Groupement pour le Traitment des Scories du Terril de Lubumbashi 104 Guatemala 14, 236 Arbenz government 26 Guinea, foreign debt of 249 Guinea-Bassau 26, 247, 249 Guyana: export credit agencies and 203 environmental problems 203 foreign debt 241, 243, 244, 246, 247, 249 Haiti 236, 249 World Bank and 158 Halliburton 3, 133, 278 Hankey, Sir Maurice 145 Harken Energy Corp. 77, 78 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative 221, 225, 226, 230, 242–48, 275 conditions of 243–45 results of 248–50 Hegemony or Survival (Chomsky) 4 Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 70 Helms, Richard 82 Henwood, Doug 23, 177–79 Heritage Foundation 121 Heritage Oil and Gas 100 Hermes Guarantee 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 215–16 Honduras, foreign debt of 249 Hope in the Dark (Solnit) 281 Hungary, Soviet intervention in 16 Hussein, Saddam 28, 90, 141–42 and BCCI 72 Hutu people 94–96 Hypovereinsbank 209 Ijaw people 116, 121–23, 128 Illaje people 123 immigrant rights movement 281 imperialism 13–14 coups d’état and 27 divide-and-rule tactics 25, 26, 265 post-cold war changes 4–5 pressure on uncooperative countries 25, 142 resistance to 28, 115–17, 121–30, 143–44, 151–54, 176, 191–92, 265–66 resources and 98–106, 118–21, 133–34, 136, 139–40, 145 as system of control 17–28, 176 use of force 5, 25–28, 111n22, 113–14, 115–17, 123, 111n22 India 16, 119, 229, 236, 266 foreign debt 222, 223 export credit agencies and 206, 208 Maheshwar Dam 209–10 Indonesia 236 corruption in 202–3 export credit agencies and 200, 202–3, 205, 207, 216 foreign debt 228, 230, 244 inequality 44 Institute for Policy Studies 278 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 157 International Development Association 157, 242 International Forum on Globalization 266 International Monetary Fund 3, 4, 19, 135, 275 conflicts of interest 244 debt relief and 221–22, 224, 226, 237, 240, 243–46, 250–51, 252 Iraq and 151–53 Malaysia and 273 neoliberalism and 176–79, 222 offshore banking and 43, 234 protests against 266 structural adjustment programs 22, 23, 245, 265–66 Rwanda and 100 Uganda and 100 International Tax and Investment Center 134–35, 138–39, 144–54 International Trade Organization 267 Iran 14, 90, 145, 200 coup against Mossadegh 14–15 nationalization of oil industry 14 Iran-Contra affair 71–72 Iraq: BCCI and 72 foreign debt 152 Gulf War and 28, 72, 140, 141, 146 human rights in 105–6 oil production and reserves 135–36, 139–54 production sharing agreements in 147–54 sanctions against 72, 142 social conditions in 135, 142, 143 U.S. occupation of 28, 140, 141–42, 146, 250, 275, 278 Israel: and Suez Crisis 15 Yom Kippur War and 17 Ivory Coast 230 foreign debt 244, 249 “jackals” 25–26 James, Deborah 273 Japan 216, 236 Japan Bank for International Cooperation 201, 202, 203, 241 Jersey 88 banking boom in 46–47 impact on island 46, 51–52, 56–62 as offshore banking haven 43, 45, 56–61 Johnson, Chalmers Sorrows of Empire 4 Jordan 241, 266 Jordan, Vernon 100 JPMorganChase 226, 238 Jubilee South 190 Jubilee 2000 268 Juhasz, Antonia Bush Agenda, The 4, 275 Juma’a, Hassan 135–36, 140, 142–44, 154 Kabila, Joseph 96 Kabila, Laurent 94, 96, 99 Kagame, Paul 94, 98–99 ties to U.S. 99 Kazakhstan 138, 139, 144, 150 Keating, Charles 83 Kenya 236 foreign debt 243, 244 Kerry, John 76 investigation of BCCI 79–83, 87, 89 Kirchner, Nestor 273 Korea, Republic of 229, 272 Korten, David When Corporations Rule the World 4 KPMG 52 Krauthammer, Charles 13 Krushchev, Nikita 16 Kurdistan 211–12, 214 Kuwait 133, 141, 146, 152, 154 labor exports 235–36 Lake, Anthony 119–20 Lance, Bert 77 Lawson, Nigel 242 Lawson Plan 221, 242 Lee Kyung Hae 272 Liberia, World Bank lending to 159–67 Liberty Tree Foundation 276 Li Zhaoxing 117–18, 124 Lu Guozeng 117 Lumumba, Patrice 26 Luxembourg, as offshore banking haven 72, 73, 74 Madagascar, foreign debt of 249 Mahathir, Mohamad 273 Malawi 254 foreign debt 243, 249 Malaysia 41–43, 229 defiance of IMF 273 Mali, foreign debt of 246, 249 Marcos, Ferdinand 31, 48, 175, 176, 181–85 markets, corporate domination of 16 Martin, Paul 54 mass media, manipulation of 25 Mauritania, foreign debt of 247, 249 McKinney, Cynthia; hearing on Congo 98–99, 110n11 McLure, Charles 137–39 mercenaries: in Congo 111n22 in Nigeria 5, 25–26, 113–14, 115–17 Mexico 207, 256n14, 273 foreign debt 55, 227, 228, 230, 233, 240–41, 244 labor exports 236 Zapatista uprising 272 Middle East, and struggle for oil 27–28 military-industrial complex 99 military interventions 27–28 Mizban, Faraj Rabat 141 Mitterand Plan 221 Mobutu Sese Seko 24, overthrow of 94 Mondlane, Eduardo 26 Mongolia 207 Morales, Evo 277 Morganthau, Robert 69, 84–87 Moscow, John 58, 87 Mossadegh, Mohammad 3, 14–15, 27 Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta 122–24, 129 Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (Landless Workers’ Movement) 272 Mozambique 26, 27, 230 foreign debt 241, 246, 249 Mueller, Robert 87 mujahadeen (Afghanistan): and BCCI 70 and drug trade 70 Mulroney, Brian 100 Multilateral Agreement on Investment 269–70, 281 Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative 222, 225, 230, 250–52 Multilateral Investment Agreement 269 multinational corporations: export credit agencies and 209–11 export processing zones and 178 globalization, pressure for 138, 268, 275 mercenaries, use of 25–26, 111n22, 113–14, 115–17, 123 resources and 101–6, 111n29, 112n31, 112n32 scandals 5 transfer mispricing by 49–51 offshore banks, use of 24, 49–51 patents, control of 23 Museveni, Yoweri 95 Myanmar, foreign debt of 230 Nada, Youssef Mustafa 71–72 Namibia 95 export credit agencies and 207 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 15–16 National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia 88–89 National Family Farm Coalition 272 nationalism: pan-Arab 15 Iranian 14 Nehru, Jawaharlal 16 neocolonialism see imperialism neoliberalism 4, 19 critique of 176–79, 190–92, 234, 236 defined 176–77 economic development and 176–79, 232 economic strategies 178–81, 222, 230, 231, 236 Netherlands, overseas empire of 13 Newmont Mining Corp. 244 New World Order 27–28 Nicaragua 207 foreign debt 225, 230, 247, 249 U.S. proxy war against 26, 27, 79 Nicpil, Liddy 190–91, 192 Nidal, Adu 73 Niger, foreign debt of 241, 249 Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force 121, 123 Niger Delta Volunteer Service 122 Niger Delta region: attack on oil platforms 116–17 as “Next Gulf” 118–21 pollution from oil production 115–16 struggle against Shell 115–16, 121–24 Nigeria 200, 266 China and 117–18 colonial rule 115 corruption in 44–45, 230 foreign debt 223, 230, 233, 243, 244 oil production 115–16, 125–27 World Bank lending in 158, 167–69 Nkrumah, Kwame 16 nongovernmental organizations 239, 250 Noriega, Manuel 80 and BCCI 72, 79 North American Free Trade Agreement 4, 268, 272 nuclear power 205–6, 210 Obasanjo, Olusegun 125, 127 Obiang, Teodoro 48 O’Connor, Brian 144–45 OECD Watch 105 offshore banking havens: arms trade and 71–73 campaign against 62–64 central role in world trade 44, 47–48, 64–65 corruption and 24, 44–45, 52–56, 64, 231–33, 253 drug trade and 70 extraction of wealth 43, 54–56, 64–65, 226, 231–33, 253, 258n58 financial centers and 234, ignored by academia 44, 234 secrecy and 47–48, 53, 66 tax evasion and 43, 48, 49–51, 54, 57–59, 64–65, 226, 232 terrorism and 71, 88 Ogoni people 122–23, 125 Okadigbo, Chuba 116 Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi 118 Okuntimo, Paul 123 Oil Change International 278 oil price spikes 236 oil production and reserves: future shortages of 28, 140 Indonesia 207 Iraqi 135–36, 144–54 Nigerian 113–14, 128–29 strategies to control 25–26, 27–28, 139–40 OM Group, Inc. 104, 112n31 OPEC 125–26, 128 1973 oil embargo by 17 dollar deposits in First World 17–18 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 135, 269 “Action Statement on Bribery” 216 export credit agencies and 210, 215 Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 101, 102, 105–6, 112n31 “OECD Arrangement” 215 Overseas Private Investment Corp. 204, 206–9 Oxfam 43, 62–63, 250 Pakistan 90 Afghan mujahadeen and 70–71 BCCI and 70 export credit agencies and 207 foreign debt 244 Panama 3, 26, 72 as offshore banking haven 73, 74 Papua New Guinea: export credit agencies and 204 mining and environmental problems 204 Paris Club of creditors 220, 225–26, 227, 228, 242, 252 Peru 74 foreign debt 241 impact of IMF SAP 22 petrodollars, recycling of 17–18 Perkins, John 19 Confessions of an Economic Hit Man 1–2, 17 Pharaon, Ghaith 76, 77, 86, 87, 88 Philippines, the 31–34, 35–36 corruption in 181–82 democratic movements in 182–85, 236 economic decline in 187–89 emigration from 189, 236 foreign debt 181, 190–91, 230, 241, 244 Marcos regime 31, 34, 175, 176, 180–85, 261n61 martial law in 180–85 social conditions in 179–80, 185–86, 189–91 U.S. rule 175–76 World Bank and 158, 178–81 Pinochet, General Augusto 27, 45–46, 48 PLATFORM 140, 156n28 Portugal 209–10 Posada Carriles, Luis 26 poverty reduction strategy programs see structural adjustment programs Price Waterhouse 83–84 privatization 191 production sharing agreements 147–54 protectionism 21, 181, 186–87 proxy wars 27, 70–71 Public Citizen 269, 273 public utilities, privatization of 191, 261n61, 277 Rahman, Masihur 85 Reagan, Ronald, and administration 19, 79, 87, 136–37, 239 Iran-Contra affair 72 Rich, Marc 90 Rights and Accountability in Development 101, 104, 105 Rio Tinto Zinc 204 Ritch, Lee 79–80 Robson, John 138 Roldós, Jaime 3, 26 Roosevelt, Kermit 15 Rumsfeld, Donald 138 rural economic development 183, 186–87 Russia: debt relief and 225 oil industry 154 transition to capitalism 137–39, 258n28 Rutledge, Ian 149 Rwanda 94–96, 98, 249 massacre in 94, 99 SACE 201 Sachs Plan 221 Saleh, Salim 95 Saõ Tomé, foreign debt of 247, 249 Saud al-Fulaij, Faisal 86, 87 Saudi Arabia 3, 88 and BCCI 70, 75 Saro-Wiwa, Ken 125–26 Scholz, Wesley S. 104 Scowcroft, Brent 72 Senegal 16, 249 Senghor, Léopold 16 September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks 71 Shell Oil 144 Nigeria and 113–15, 122, 123, 125–29 at World Economic Forum 127 Shinawatra, Thaksin 54 Sierra Club 269 Sierra Leone 247 SmartMeme 276 Solnit, Rebecca Hope in the Dark 281 Somalia 251 Sorrows of Empire (Johnson) 4 South Africa 236 military interventions 27 Truth and Reconciliation Commission 26 Soviet Union 13, 14 de-Stalinization 16 Hungary, intervention in 16 influence in Third World 14 U.S. and 137 Stephens, Jackson 76, 77 Stiglitz, Joseph 24 Globalization and Its Discontents 3, 4 structural adjustment programs (SAPs) 19, 229–30 in Ghana 5, 22 in Peru 22 in the Philippines 176–79, 183–85, 190–92 in Zambia 22 Sudan 230, 251 Suharto 200, 202–3 Syria 211 Switzerland, as offshore banking haven 45, 65, 72 Taco Bell, boycott of 280 Tanzania, foreign debt of 247, 249 tax evasion 43, 48, 49–51, 54, 57–59, 64–65 Tax Foundation 137–38 tax havens see offshore banking havens Tax Justice Network 63 Tax Reform Act of 1986 138 Tenke Mining 99 terrorism: as EHM strategy 26, 72 financing of 42, 88–89 inequality and 44 Islamist 71–72, 89 Palestinian 73 Thatcher, Margaret 19, 138 Third World: as commodity producers 17, 23 conditions in 5, 96–97, 106–8, 116, 179–80, 185–90, 234, 236 development strategies 176–79 divisions among countries 265–68 elites in 25, 28, 43–44, 176, 226, 232–34 emergence of 14 lack of development in 232, 237 terms of trade and 22, 178–79 Third World Network 269 Tidewater Inc. 113 Torrijos, Omar 3, 26 Total S.A. 144, 153 trade unions 135–36, 141–44, 180, 186, 269, 274 transfer mispricing 49–51 cost to Third World 50 Transparency International 45 Turkey: export credit agencies and 206 Ilisu Dam 211–14 Turkmenistan 200 Uganda 94–96 foreign debt 241, 246, 249 Union Bank of Switzerland 57, 58, 77, 226, 250 United Arab Emirates 69, 73 United Fruit Company 15 United Kingdom 213 NCP for Congo 102–3 empire 13–14, 115, 129, 145 Iran and 14–15 Iraq occupation and 146, 151, 152 offshore banking and; Suez Crisis and 15 United Nations: trade issues and 265, 276 Panel of Experts, Congo 100–106, 112n32 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 220, 265, 267 United States: agricultural subsidies 22 aid 98 as empire 13, 28 cold war strategy of 16, 17, 24, 26 in Congo 99, 104, 105 debt-led development strategy of 176–79 Iran coup and 14–15 Iraqi oil and 133–34, 136, 139–40 Iraq wars 72, 133, 141–42 Islamists and 26 Nigerian oil and 118–21 Philippines and 175–76, 180 strategic doctrines 27–28, 118–19 support of Contras 72 trade deficit 23 trade policies 267 U.S.

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., and administration 66, 271, 278 and Iraq War 13, 28 Bush Agenda, The (Juhasz) 4, 275 Cabot Corporation 104, 112n32 Cameroon, foreign debt of 249 Canada 99, 101, 201, 268, 271 Canadian Export Development Corp. 201, 202, 203, 204, 206 capital flight 24, 43–44, 231–36, 253, 258n27 Carter, Jimmy 76, 140 Casey, William 70, 82, 90 Cavallo, Domingo Felipe 238 Cayman Islands, as offshore banking haven 65, 72, 73, 74, 75, 86 Center for Global Energy Studies 145 Center for Strategic and International Studies 119, 120 Central African Republic 231 Central Intelligence Agency 3, 5, 15 Afghan rebels and 70–71 BCCI and 69, 70, 71–72, 73, 76, 78, 79–82, 85 Saudi intelligence services and 75 Chad, foreign debt of 249 Chavez, Hugo 3, 25, 273 Cheney, Dick 28, 133 Chevron Oil 135, 138, 139, 144, 153 in Nigeria 123–24 Chile 236 1973 coup in 27 China 4, 229, 236 foreign debt 222–23 Third World resources and 5, 117–18, 120–21, 124, 126–27, 130 Chomsky, Noam Hegemony or Survival 4 Christian Peacemaker Team 96, 106–8 Citibank, Citigroup 75, 100, 130, 138, 226, 238, 268 Clifford, Clark 78–79, 85, 86, 88 Clinton, Bill, and administration 119, 120, 126, 212, 271 Coalition of Immokalee Workers 272, 280 COFACE 201, 205, 212 Cogecom 100 cold war 4 and decolonization 16–17 Colombia, human rights in 107 colonialism, decline of formal 13–14 coltan: efforts to control 5, 26, 95 shortages of 95 uses for 94 Commission for Africa 251 Communism: appeal of 14 fall of 4, 13, 27, 137–38, 238 Confessions of an Economic Hit Man (Perkins) 1–4, 6, 17 Congo, Democratic Republic of (Zaire): civil war in 26, 94–96, 108n3 corruption in 24, 254 foreign debt 220, 230, 247, 249 human rights in 107–8 rape as a weapon of war in 93, 96–98 Western role in 98–105, 109n4, 111n29 World Bank and 158 Congo Republic 230, 247, 249 cooperatives 276–77 corporations, as legal persons 277 CorpWatch 278 corruption: culture of 51–54 IMF/World Bank and 24–25, 157–74 offshore banking and 44–45, 52- power and 24 privatization and 24–25, 256n12 COSEC 209–10 Council on Foreign Relations 119–20 dam projects, 209–12 Dar al-Mal al-Islami 89 Daukoru, Edmund 125–27, 128 Davos see World Economic Forum DeBeers Group 101, 103 decolonization 13, 16–17 debt/flight cycle 231–36, 253, 258n27 debt relief, campaigns for 246, 252–55, 268 in U.S. 235 debt, Third World 32, 35 amount of relief 224–29 banks and 226–27, 229, 232–34 business loans 35–37, 227 cold war strategy and 17 corruption and 230, 231, 232, 253, 254, 257n23 1982 crisis 39, 55 disunity among debtor nations 237–39 dubious debts and 230, 235, 247, 253, 257n23, 261n68 growth of 18–19, 181, 229–36 as means of control 17, 23, 183–84 payments on 19, 190–91, 223, 228, 231, 247–48, 275 relief plans 220–22, 225–29, 239–52, 274 size of 221–24, 259n37, 260n46 social/economic impacts of 190–91, 231–36, 247–48 democracy: debt crisis and 236 economic reform and 276–79 global justice and 279–81 in Iraq 151–54 Deutsche Bank 226 drug trade 70, 80, 87 Dubai 73 Dulles, Alan 15 Eagle Wings Resources International 104 East Timor 205 economic development strategies: “big projects” and 16–17 debt-led 18–19 state-led 16–17, 19 economic forecasting 3 economic hit men 5 definition 1, 3, 18 John Perkins and 1–4, 17 types of 5, 18 Ecuador 236, 266 foreign debt 244 Egypt 14 Suez Crisis 15–16 Eisenhower, Dwight, and administration 15 elites, wealthy 4, 18, 57, 176, 183, 228, 232, 253 use of tax havens 43–44, 54–56, 65–66, 226, 232–34 El Salvador 26 empire see imperialism Eni SpA 144, 153 Enron 53, 54, 208–9 Ethiopia 230, 249 European Union 51 agricultural subsidies 22 environment degradation: development projects and 199, 200–211, 257n23 oil production and 115–16 export credit agencies: arms exports and 204–5 campaigns against 209–16 corruption and 200, 202–3, 205, 207–8 debt and 200 environmental effects 199, 200–211 nuclear power and 202, 205–6 operation of 197–201 secrecy of 205, 210–12 size of 201 World Bank and 199, 201, 202, 204 Export Credit Group 210, 215 Export Credits Guarantee Department 201, 205, 211 Export Finance and Investment Corp. 203, 204 export processing zones 178 Export Risk Guarantee 203, 211, 213 ExxonMobil 144 fair trade movement 280 Faisal, Mohammad al-89 Faux, Jeff Global Class War, The 4 Federal Bureau of Investigation 71 Federal Reserve Bank of New York 87 Federal Reserve System 78, 82, 88 Ferguson, Niall 13 First American Bankshares 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 88 First Quantum Materials 101 First, Ruth 26 Focus on the Global South 187, 273 foreign aid 19 in Congo civil war 99–100 France 236, 244 empire 13 Suez Crisis and 15 free trade 4, 19, 21–23, 268, 271 British development and 21 U.S. development and 21 Free Trade Area of the Americas 271 Friends of the Earth 104, 269 G8 summits 212, 213, 219–20, 221, 246, 250, 271, 275 Gambia 243, 249 García, Alan 74 Gates, Robert 85 Gécamines 100, 104 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade agricultural trade 186–87 establishment of 267 TRIPS 23 Uruguay Round 23, 267 General Union of Oil Employees 135–36, 141–44 Georgia 207 Germany 212, 213, 216, 236 export credit agency 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 209–11, 212, 215–16 Green Party 206, 215 Ghana 16 development projects in 16, 207 foreign debt 230, 247, 249 impact of IMF SAP 5, 22 Giuliani, Carlo 271 Global Awareness Collective 278 Global Class War, The (Faux) 4 Global Exchange 278 globalization 3 alternatives to corporate 275–79 economic 176–79, 230, 236 impacts of 185–90, 234, 236, 263–65 of the financial system 55, 63–66 Globalization and Its Discontents (Stiglitz) 3, 4 Global justice movement: achievements of 276–79 campaigns 269–72, 274–75 in Global North 268–69, 271–72, 274 in Global South 271–74 origins of 268–69 proposals of 275–79 protests by 265–66, 270–71 Global South see Third World Gonzalez, Henry 72, 90 Gorbachev, Mikhail 137 Goulart, João 27 Groupement pour le Traitment des Scories du Terril de Lubumbashi 104 Guatemala 14, 236 Arbenz government 26 Guinea, foreign debt of 249 Guinea-Bassau 26, 247, 249 Guyana: export credit agencies and 203 environmental problems 203 foreign debt 241, 243, 244, 246, 247, 249 Haiti 236, 249 World Bank and 158 Halliburton 3, 133, 278 Hankey, Sir Maurice 145 Harken Energy Corp. 77, 78 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative 221, 225, 226, 230, 242–48, 275 conditions of 243–45 results of 248–50 Hegemony or Survival (Chomsky) 4 Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 70 Helms, Richard 82 Henwood, Doug 23, 177–79 Heritage Foundation 121 Heritage Oil and Gas 100 Hermes Guarantee 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 215–16 Honduras, foreign debt of 249 Hope in the Dark (Solnit) 281 Hungary, Soviet intervention in 16 Hussein, Saddam 28, 90, 141–42 and BCCI 72 Hutu people 94–96 Hypovereinsbank 209 Ijaw people 116, 121–23, 128 Illaje people 123 immigrant rights movement 281 imperialism 13–14 coups d’état and 27 divide-and-rule tactics 25, 26, 265 post-cold war changes 4–5 pressure on uncooperative countries 25, 142 resistance to 28, 115–17, 121–30, 143–44, 151–54, 176, 191–92, 265–66 resources and 98–106, 118–21, 133–34, 136, 139–40, 145 as system of control 17–28, 176 use of force 5, 25–28, 111n22, 113–14, 115–17, 123, 111n22 India 16, 119, 229, 236, 266 foreign debt 222, 223 export credit agencies and 206, 208 Maheshwar Dam 209–10 Indonesia 236 corruption in 202–3 export credit agencies and 200, 202–3, 205, 207, 216 foreign debt 228, 230, 244 inequality 44 Institute for Policy Studies 278 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 157 International Development Association 157, 242 International Forum on Globalization 266 International Monetary Fund 3, 4, 19, 135, 275 conflicts of interest 244 debt relief and 221–22, 224, 226, 237, 240, 243–46, 250–51, 252 Iraq and 151–53 Malaysia and 273 neoliberalism and 176–79, 222 offshore banking and 43, 234 protests against 266 structural adjustment programs 22, 23, 245, 265–66 Rwanda and 100 Uganda and 100 International Tax and Investment Center 134–35, 138–39, 144–54 International Trade Organization 267 Iran 14, 90, 145, 200 coup against Mossadegh 14–15 nationalization of oil industry 14 Iran-Contra affair 71–72 Iraq: BCCI and 72 foreign debt 152 Gulf War and 28, 72, 140, 141, 146 human rights in 105–6 oil production and reserves 135–36, 139–54 production sharing agreements in 147–54 sanctions against 72, 142 social conditions in 135, 142, 143 U.S. occupation of 28, 140, 141–42, 146, 250, 275, 278 Israel: and Suez Crisis 15 Yom Kippur War and 17 Ivory Coast 230 foreign debt 244, 249 “jackals” 25–26 James, Deborah 273 Japan 216, 236 Japan Bank for International Cooperation 201, 202, 203, 241 Jersey 88 banking boom in 46–47 impact on island 46, 51–52, 56–62 as offshore banking haven 43, 45, 56–61 Johnson, Chalmers Sorrows of Empire 4 Jordan 241, 266 Jordan, Vernon 100 JPMorganChase 226, 238 Jubilee South 190 Jubilee 2000 268 Juhasz, Antonia Bush Agenda, The 4, 275 Juma’a, Hassan 135–36, 140, 142–44, 154 Kabila, Joseph 96 Kabila, Laurent 94, 96, 99 Kagame, Paul 94, 98–99 ties to U.S. 99 Kazakhstan 138, 139, 144, 150 Keating, Charles 83 Kenya 236 foreign debt 243, 244 Kerry, John 76 investigation of BCCI 79–83, 87, 89 Kirchner, Nestor 273 Korea, Republic of 229, 272 Korten, David When Corporations Rule the World 4 KPMG 52 Krauthammer, Charles 13 Krushchev, Nikita 16 Kurdistan 211–12, 214 Kuwait 133, 141, 146, 152, 154 labor exports 235–36 Lake, Anthony 119–20 Lance, Bert 77 Lawson, Nigel 242 Lawson Plan 221, 242 Lee Kyung Hae 272 Liberia, World Bank lending to 159–67 Liberty Tree Foundation 276 Li Zhaoxing 117–18, 124 Lu Guozeng 117 Lumumba, Patrice 26 Luxembourg, as offshore banking haven 72, 73, 74 Madagascar, foreign debt of 249 Mahathir, Mohamad 273 Malawi 254 foreign debt 243, 249 Malaysia 41–43, 229 defiance of IMF 273 Mali, foreign debt of 246, 249 Marcos, Ferdinand 31, 48, 175, 176, 181–85 markets, corporate domination of 16 Martin, Paul 54 mass media, manipulation of 25 Mauritania, foreign debt of 247, 249 McKinney, Cynthia; hearing on Congo 98–99, 110n11 McLure, Charles 137–39 mercenaries: in Congo 111n22 in Nigeria 5, 25–26, 113–14, 115–17 Mexico 207, 256n14, 273 foreign debt 55, 227, 228, 230, 233, 240–41, 244 labor exports 236 Zapatista uprising 272 Middle East, and struggle for oil 27–28 military-industrial complex 99 military interventions 27–28 Mizban, Faraj Rabat 141 Mitterand Plan 221 Mobutu Sese Seko 24, overthrow of 94 Mondlane, Eduardo 26 Mongolia 207 Morales, Evo 277 Morganthau, Robert 69, 84–87 Moscow, John 58, 87 Mossadegh, Mohammad 3, 14–15, 27 Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta 122–24, 129 Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (Landless Workers’ Movement) 272 Mozambique 26, 27, 230 foreign debt 241, 246, 249 Mueller, Robert 87 mujahadeen (Afghanistan): and BCCI 70 and drug trade 70 Mulroney, Brian 100 Multilateral Agreement on Investment 269–70, 281 Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative 222, 225, 230, 250–52 Multilateral Investment Agreement 269 multinational corporations: export credit agencies and 209–11 export processing zones and 178 globalization, pressure for 138, 268, 275 mercenaries, use of 25–26, 111n22, 113–14, 115–17, 123 resources and 101–6, 111n29, 112n31, 112n32 scandals 5 transfer mispricing by 49–51 offshore banks, use of 24, 49–51 patents, control of 23 Museveni, Yoweri 95 Myanmar, foreign debt of 230 Nada, Youssef Mustafa 71–72 Namibia 95 export credit agencies and 207 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 15–16 National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia 88–89 National Family Farm Coalition 272 nationalism: pan-Arab 15 Iranian 14 Nehru, Jawaharlal 16 neocolonialism see imperialism neoliberalism 4, 19 critique of 176–79, 190–92, 234, 236 defined 176–77 economic development and 176–79, 232 economic strategies 178–81, 222, 230, 231, 236 Netherlands, overseas empire of 13 Newmont Mining Corp. 244 New World Order 27–28 Nicaragua 207 foreign debt 225, 230, 247, 249 U.S. proxy war against 26, 27, 79 Nicpil, Liddy 190–91, 192 Nidal, Adu 73 Niger, foreign debt of 241, 249 Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force 121, 123 Niger Delta Volunteer Service 122 Niger Delta region: attack on oil platforms 116–17 as “Next Gulf” 118–21 pollution from oil production 115–16 struggle against Shell 115–16, 121–24 Nigeria 200, 266 China and 117–18 colonial rule 115 corruption in 44–45, 230 foreign debt 223, 230, 233, 243, 244 oil production 115–16, 125–27 World Bank lending in 158, 167–69 Nkrumah, Kwame 16 nongovernmental organizations 239, 250 Noriega, Manuel 80 and BCCI 72, 79 North American Free Trade Agreement 4, 268, 272 nuclear power 205–6, 210 Obasanjo, Olusegun 125, 127 Obiang, Teodoro 48 O’Connor, Brian 144–45 OECD Watch 105 offshore banking havens: arms trade and 71–73 campaign against 62–64 central role in world trade 44, 47–48, 64–65 corruption and 24, 44–45, 52–56, 64, 231–33, 253 drug trade and 70 extraction of wealth 43, 54–56, 64–65, 226, 231–33, 253, 258n58 financial centers and 234, ignored by academia 44, 234 secrecy and 47–48, 53, 66 tax evasion and 43, 48, 49–51, 54, 57–59, 64–65, 226, 232 terrorism and 71, 88 Ogoni people 122–23, 125 Okadigbo, Chuba 116 Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi 118 Okuntimo, Paul 123 Oil Change International 278 oil price spikes 236 oil production and reserves: future shortages of 28, 140 Indonesia 207 Iraqi 135–36, 144–54 Nigerian 113–14, 128–29 strategies to control 25–26, 27–28, 139–40 OM Group, Inc. 104, 112n31 OPEC 125–26, 128 1973 oil embargo by 17 dollar deposits in First World 17–18 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 135, 269 “Action Statement on Bribery” 216 export credit agencies and 210, 215 Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 101, 102, 105–6, 112n31 “OECD Arrangement” 215 Overseas Private Investment Corp. 204, 206–9 Oxfam 43, 62–63, 250 Pakistan 90 Afghan mujahadeen and 70–71 BCCI and 70 export credit agencies and 207 foreign debt 244 Panama 3, 26, 72 as offshore banking haven 73, 74 Papua New Guinea: export credit agencies and 204 mining and environmental problems 204 Paris Club of creditors 220, 225–26, 227, 228, 242, 252 Peru 74 foreign debt 241 impact of IMF SAP 22 petrodollars, recycling of 17–18 Perkins, John 19 Confessions of an Economic Hit Man 1–2, 17 Pharaon, Ghaith 76, 77, 86, 87, 88 Philippines, the 31–34, 35–36 corruption in 181–82 democratic movements in 182–85, 236 economic decline in 187–89 emigration from 189, 236 foreign debt 181, 190–91, 230, 241, 244 Marcos regime 31, 34, 175, 176, 180–85, 261n61 martial law in 180–85 social conditions in 179–80, 185–86, 189–91 U.S. rule 175–76 World Bank and 158, 178–81 Pinochet, General Augusto 27, 45–46, 48 PLATFORM 140, 156n28 Portugal 209–10 Posada Carriles, Luis 26 poverty reduction strategy programs see structural adjustment programs Price Waterhouse 83–84 privatization 191 production sharing agreements 147–54 protectionism 21, 181, 186–87 proxy wars 27, 70–71 Public Citizen 269, 273 public utilities, privatization of 191, 261n61, 277 Rahman, Masihur 85 Reagan, Ronald, and administration 19, 79, 87, 136–37, 239 Iran-Contra affair 72 Rich, Marc 90 Rights and Accountability in Development 101, 104, 105 Rio Tinto Zinc 204 Ritch, Lee 79–80 Robson, John 138 Roldós, Jaime 3, 26 Roosevelt, Kermit 15 Rumsfeld, Donald 138 rural economic development 183, 186–87 Russia: debt relief and 225 oil industry 154 transition to capitalism 137–39, 258n28 Rutledge, Ian 149 Rwanda 94–96, 98, 249 massacre in 94, 99 SACE 201 Sachs Plan 221 Saleh, Salim 95 Saõ Tomé, foreign debt of 247, 249 Saud al-Fulaij, Faisal 86, 87 Saudi Arabia 3, 88 and BCCI 70, 75 Saro-Wiwa, Ken 125–26 Scholz, Wesley S. 104 Scowcroft, Brent 72 Senegal 16, 249 Senghor, Léopold 16 September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks 71 Shell Oil 144 Nigeria and 113–15, 122, 123, 125–29 at World Economic Forum 127 Shinawatra, Thaksin 54 Sierra Club 269 Sierra Leone 247 SmartMeme 276 Solnit, Rebecca Hope in the Dark 281 Somalia 251 Sorrows of Empire (Johnson) 4 South Africa 236 military interventions 27 Truth and Reconciliation Commission 26 Soviet Union 13, 14 de-Stalinization 16 Hungary, intervention in 16 influence in Third World 14 U.S. and 137 Stephens, Jackson 76, 77 Stiglitz, Joseph 24 Globalization and Its Discontents 3, 4 structural adjustment programs (SAPs) 19, 229–30 in Ghana 5, 22 in Peru 22 in the Philippines 176–79, 183–85, 190–92 in Zambia 22 Sudan 230, 251 Suharto 200, 202–3 Syria 211 Switzerland, as offshore banking haven 45, 65, 72 Taco Bell, boycott of 280 Tanzania, foreign debt of 247, 249 tax evasion 43, 48, 49–51, 54, 57–59, 64–65 Tax Foundation 137–38 tax havens see offshore banking havens Tax Justice Network 63 Tax Reform Act of 1986 138 Tenke Mining 99 terrorism: as EHM strategy 26, 72 financing of 42, 88–89 inequality and 44 Islamist 71–72, 89 Palestinian 73 Thatcher, Margaret 19, 138 Third World: as commodity producers 17, 23 conditions in 5, 96–97, 106–8, 116, 179–80, 185–90, 234, 236 development strategies 176–79 divisions among countries 265–68 elites in 25, 28, 43–44, 176, 226, 232–34 emergence of 14 lack of development in 232, 237 terms of trade and 22, 178–79 Third World Network 269 Tidewater Inc. 113 Torrijos, Omar 3, 26 Total S.A. 144, 153 trade unions 135–36, 141–44, 180, 186, 269, 274 transfer mispricing 49–51 cost to Third World 50 Transparency International 45 Turkey: export credit agencies and 206 Ilisu Dam 211–14 Turkmenistan 200 Uganda 94–96 foreign debt 241, 246, 249 Union Bank of Switzerland 57, 58, 77, 226, 250 United Arab Emirates 69, 73 United Fruit Company 15 United Kingdom 213 NCP for Congo 102–3 empire 13–14, 115, 129, 145 Iran and 14–15 Iraq occupation and 146, 151, 152 offshore banking and; Suez Crisis and 15 United Nations: trade issues and 265, 276 Panel of Experts, Congo 100–106, 112n32 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 220, 265, 267 United States: agricultural subsidies 22 aid 98 as empire 13, 28 cold war strategy of 16, 17, 24, 26 in Congo 99, 104, 105 debt-led development strategy of 176–79 Iran coup and 14–15 Iraqi oil and 133–34, 136, 139–40 Iraq wars 72, 133, 141–42 Islamists and 26 Nigerian oil and 118–21 Philippines and 175–76, 180 strategic doctrines 27–28, 118–19 support of Contras 72 trade deficit 23 trade policies 267 U.S.

The Green New Deal: Why the Fossil Fuel Civilization Will Collapse by 2028, and the Bold Economic Plan to Save Life on Earth by Jeremy Rifkin

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy, 2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, autonomous vehicles, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bike sharing, blockchain, book value, borderless world, business cycle, business process, carbon footprint, carbon tax, circular economy, collective bargaining, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, decarbonisation, digital rights, do well by doing good, electricity market, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, failed state, general purpose technology, ghettoisation, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, high-speed rail, hydrogen economy, impact investing, information asymmetry, intangible asset, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, invisible hand, it's over 9,000, Joseph Schumpeter, means of production, megacity, megaproject, military-industrial complex, Network effects, new economy, off grid, off-the-grid, oil shale / tar sands, peak oil, planetary scale, prudent man rule, remunicipalization, renewable energy credits, rewilding, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, sovereign wealth fund, Steven Levy, subprime mortgage crisis, the built environment, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, union organizing, urban planning, vertical integration, warehouse automation, women in the workforce, zero-sum game

Climate change is no longer only an academic issue and long-term policy concern but, rather, a frightening reality for millions of Americans who sense that the country and the world are facing a new and harrowing future unlike any previous period in human history. The American public is not the only constituency that is running scared and motivated to act. The global elite of heads of state, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and billionaires meeting in Davos, Switzerland, at the annual get-together of the World Economic Forum in January 2019 were abuzz about the dire warnings from scientists. Conversation about the impacts that climate change is having on economies, businesses, and the financial community dominated the public sessions and private huddles. In a survey of attendees, climate issues accounted for four of the top five risks that could cause the most damage to the economy.11 Gillian Tett of the Financial Times reported that even though “Davosians apparently fear that extreme weather events are becoming more common,” they agreed that “the world has no effective mechanism to respond.”12 At the same time that the World Economic Forum was meeting in Davos, a group of twenty-seven Nobel laureates, fifteen former chairs of the Council of Economic Advisers to the President, four former chairpersons of the Federal Reserve, and two former US secretaries of the treasury joined together in an urgent appeal to the US government to enact a carbon emission tax as the best and quickest means to help cut carbon dioxide emissions and encourage businesses to transition into the new green energies, technologies, and infrastructure of a zero-carbon era.

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In a survey of attendees, climate issues accounted for four of the top five risks that could cause the most damage to the economy.11 Gillian Tett of the Financial Times reported that even though “Davosians apparently fear that extreme weather events are becoming more common,” they agreed that “the world has no effective mechanism to respond.”12 At the same time that the World Economic Forum was meeting in Davos, a group of twenty-seven Nobel laureates, fifteen former chairs of the Council of Economic Advisers to the President, four former chairpersons of the Federal Reserve, and two former US secretaries of the treasury joined together in an urgent appeal to the US government to enact a carbon emission tax as the best and quickest means to help cut carbon dioxide emissions and encourage businesses to transition into the new green energies, technologies, and infrastructure of a zero-carbon era.

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., “The Green New Deal Has Strong Bipartisan Support,” Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, December 14, 2018, http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/the-green-new-deal-has-strong-bipartisan-support/ (accessed February 7, 2019). 11.  Aengus Collins, The Global Risks Report 2019 (Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2019), 6. 12.  Gillian Tett, “Davos Climate Obsessions Contain Clues for Policymaking,” Financial Times, January 17, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/369920f2-19b4-11e9-b93e-f4351a53f1c3 (accessed January 28, 2019). 13.  Leslie Hook, “Four Former Fed Chairs Call for US Carbon Tax,” Financial Times, January 16, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/e9fd0472-19de-11e9-9e64-d150b3105d21 (accessed January 28, 2019). 14.  

The New Prophets of Capital by Nicole Aschoff

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, American Legislative Exchange Council, Anthropocene, antiwork, basic income, biodiversity loss, Bretton Woods, clean water, collective bargaining, commoditize, crony capitalism, do what you love, feminist movement, follow your passion, food desert, Food sovereignty, glass ceiling, global supply chain, global value chain, helicopter parent, hiring and firing, income inequality, Khan Academy, late capitalism, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, means of production, microapartment, performance metric, post-Fordism, post-work, profit motive, rent-seeking, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, school vouchers, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, structural adjustment programs, Susan Wojcicki, TED Talk, Tim Cook: Apple, urban renewal, women in the workforce, working poor, zero-sum game

. ________ 1Randall Smith,”As His Foundation Has Grown, Gates Has Slowed His Donations,” New York Times, May 26, 2014. 2Bill Gates, Harvard commencement speech, June 7, 2007. 3Matthew Bishop and Michael Green, Philanthrocapitalism: How the Rich Can Save the World, New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2008, p. 12. 4Bill Gates, Harvard commencement speech. 5Bill Gates, “A New Approach to Capitalism in the 21st Century,” speech at the World Economic Forum 2008, Davos, Switzerland, January 24, 2008. 6See www.gatesfoundation.org. 7Melinda Gates, Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders Seminar, Stanford Center for Professional Development, November 14, 2012. 8Bill Gates, Harvard commencement speech. 92014 Gates Annual Letter, http://annualletter.gatesfoundation.org/. 10Phillip McMichael, Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective, Newbury Park, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2008. 11See http://files.amnesty.org/INGO/INGOAC.pdf. 12Bishop and Green, Philanthrocapitalism, p. 21. 13Joan Roelofs, “Foundations and Collaboration,” Critical Sociology 33: 3, May 2007, 479–504; see also G.

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At tech companies only 2 to 4 percent of engineers are women; at Fortune 500 firms, 4 percent of CEOs are women. Boardrooms are a bastion of maleness, and many companies, like Twitter, have no women on their board. This disparity extends beyond corporate America: globally, 90 percent of heads of state are men, and at the 2014 World Economic Forum only 400 of the 2,600 representatives present were women, a 17 percent drop from the previous year. And 2013 marked the first time women held twenty seats in the US Senate. This is the world into which Sheryl Sandberg, the chief operating officer of Facebook, launched her “sort of manifesto”, as she called it, in 2013.1 Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead addressed the persistent gender imbalance in elite jobs and announced Sandberg’s entrance into the century-old struggle for equality in the workplace.

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For Bill and Melinda Gates, the answer to both questions is inefficiencies in capitalist markets. “In a system of capitalism, as people’s wealth rises, the financial incentive to serve them rises. As their wealth falls, the financial incentive to serve them falls, until it becomes zero,” Gates remarked at the World Economic Forum in 2008. “Why do people benefit in inverse proportion to their need? Well, market incentives make that happen.”15 Even though poor people need more than wealthy people, there is no incentive to meet their needs because the needs are not coupled with the ability to pay. Thus, the Gateses contend that poor children are dying from disease and malnutrition, or not succeeding in school, because capitalist markets are not serving them.

The Pay Off: How Changing the Way We Pay Changes Everything by Gottfried Leibbrandt, Natasha de Teran

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Alan Greenspan, Ayatollah Khomeini, bank run, banking crisis, banks create money, Bear Stearns, Big Tech, bitcoin, blockchain, call centre, cashless society, Clayton Christensen, cloud computing, coronavirus, COVID-19, Credit Default Swap, cross-border payments, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, financial exclusion, global pandemic, global reserve currency, illegal immigration, information asymmetry, initial coin offering, interest rate swap, Internet of things, Irish bank strikes, Julian Assange, large denomination, light touch regulation, lockdown, low interest rates, M-Pesa, machine readable, Money creation, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, move fast and break things, Network effects, Northern Rock, off grid, offshore financial centre, payday loans, post-industrial society, printed gun, QR code, RAND corporation, ransomware, Real Time Gross Settlement, reserve currency, Rishi Sunak, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart contracts, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, tech billionaire, the payments system, too big to fail, transaction costs, WikiLeaks, you are the product

Figures on large sovereign wealth funds taken from: www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings Jamie Dimon quotes on Bitcoin taken from: www.pymnts.com/blockchain/bitcoin/2018/jpmorgan-chase-jamie-dimon-dapper-labs-funding/ Chapter 24 For more on Che Guevara’s stint as Cuba’s central bank governor, see: https://sociable.co/web/fidel-castro-appointed-che-guevara-bank/ Chapter 25 Figures on global frequent flyer miles taken from: www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-logistics-and-transport-infrastructure/our-insights/miles-ahead-how-to-improve-airline-customer-loyalty-programs# For Citibank and its New York ATM network, see: https://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/Interoperability_in_Electronic_Payments.pdf For the EU investigations into Apple Pay and Qualcomm, see: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_1075; https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_18_421 George Soros delivered this remark at the World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, 25 January 2018; see: www.georgesoros.com/2018/01/25/remarks-delivered-at-the-world-economic-forum/ Chapter 26 For US Executive Order banning eight apps, including Alipay and WeChat, see: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/08/2021-00305/addressing-the-threat-posed-by-applications-and-other-software-developed-or-controlled-by-chinese Carmen Balber, Washington Director for Consumer Watchdog, made the suggestion that the Federal Reserve Board consumer watchdog would be a lapdog (https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dodd-proposal-to-give-the-federal-reserve-consumer-protection-authority-would-create-an-industry-lapdog-not-a-public-watchdog-85971237.html) For forensic analysis of the attack on Bangladesh Bank, see: www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-fed-bangladesh-investigation/exclusive-bangladesh-bank-remains-compromised-months-after-heist-forensics-report-idUSKCN0Y40SM Chapter 27 For comment on INSTEX, see: W.

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A payment initiation services provider, or PISP, provides online services to initiate payment orders at the request of payment service users with respect to payment accounts held at other payment service providers. 22. In code we trust: meeting the cryptocurrencies Late in January 2018, I was attending the World Economic Forum in Davos. Walking back to my hotel one day, I passed a gaggle of people hanging about on the pavement. Sporting beards, face and neck tattoos and partly shaven heads, they looked like clubbers on a vape break. They were standing outside a door marked ‘CryptoHQ’. I was intrigued. CryptoHQ was packed.

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Watch this case because, open or closed, the Commission’s findings will affect a far wider payments universe than Apple Pay. And Vestager has form. In January 2018, the day after she hit the US chip giant Qualcomm with a near €1 billion fine, she was flagged up by billionaire investor George Soros in his annual speech to the World Economic Forum in Davos: ‘It is only a matter of time before the global dominance of the US IT monopolies is broken . . . Regulation and taxation will be their undoing and EU Competition Commissioner Vestager will be their nemesis.’ ______________________________________________________________________ 1 In the wake of Epic’s move, Apple announced in November 2020 that smaller developers making up to $1 million would have to pay only 15 per cent rather than 30 per cent from January 2021.

Lonely Planet Switzerland by Lonely Planet

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, bike sharing, car-free, carbon footprint, Eyjafjallajökull, Frank Gehry, G4S, Guggenheim Bilbao, Higgs boson, Kickstarter, Large Hadron Collider, low cost airline, messenger bag, Nelson Mandela, New Urbanism, offshore financial centre, smart cities, starchitect, trade route

The first visitors came to Davos from 1865, when it was discovered that the high-altitude climate proved effective in fighting tuberculosis. These days they come for the excitement of this Alpine resort, both in winter and summer. Davos is the annual meeting point for the crème de la crème of world capitalism: the World Economic Forum. Global chat fests aside, Davos inspired Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (of Sherlock Holmes fame) to don skis and Thomas Mann to pen The Magic Mountain. Davos comprises two contiguous areas, each with a train station: Davos Platz and the older Davos Dorf. Davos 1Top Sights 1Kirchner MuseumB2 1Sights 2WintersportmuseumA2 2Activities, Courses & Tours 3Eau-là-làC2 4Luftchraft – Flugschule DavosA3 4Sleeping 5Davos YouthpalaceD1 6Waldhotel DavosC1 5Eating 7Hänggi'sB3 8Kaffee KlatschB2 6Drinking & Nightlife 9Mountain's AktB2 1Sights oKirchner MuseumMUSEUM ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %081 410 63 00; www.kirchnermuseum.ch; Promenade 82; adult/child Sfr12/5; h11am-6pm Tue-Sun) This giant cube of a museum showcases the world's largest Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880–1938) collection.

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Eau-là-làSWIMMING ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; www.eau-la-la.ch; Promenade 90; pool adult/child Sfr10/7, day spa Sfr28; h10am-10pm Mon-Sat, to 6pm Sun) If you prefer horizontal sightseeing to vertical drops, try this leisure centre, with heated outdoor pools, splash areas for the kids and a spa with mountain views. zFestivals & Events SchwingenCULTURAL (www.davos.ch; hAug) Swiss craziness peaks at Sertig Schwinget, with Schwingen (Swiss wrestling) champs doing battle in the sawdust. Davos FestivalMUSIC (www.davosfestival.ch; hAug) Classical music resounds for two weeks at the Davos Festival. FIS Cross-Country World CupSPORTS (www.davosnordic.ch; hDec) Davos hosts a round of the FIS Cross-Country World Cup each December. 4Sleeping Davos is full-on in winter and room rates can plunge by up to 30% in summer. Davos YouthpalaceHOSTEL€ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %081 410 19 20; www.youthhostel.ch; Horlaubenstrasse 27; dm/s/d from Sfr39/110/114; pW) This one-time sanatorium has been transformed into a groovy backpacker palace.

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Regular trains run between Davos Platz and Davos Wiesen (18 minutes). Schraemli's LengmattaB&B€€ ( GOOGLE MAP ; %081 413 55 79; www.lengmatta-davos.ch; Lengmattastrasse 19, Davos Frauenkirch; per person from Sfr80; pW) Big mountain views await at this sun-blackened timber chalet, which fits the bill nicely. You'll feel bug-snug in pine-clad rooms with checked fabrics and downy bedding. There's a children's playground, a peak-facing terrace and a fine restaurant dishing up Bündner specialities (from Sfr17). Half-board per person is Sfr35. From Davos Platz, it's a three-minute train ride to Davos-Frauenkirch.

The Fourth Revolution: The Global Race to Reinvent the State by John Micklethwait, Adrian Wooldridge

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Admiral Zheng, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Asian financial crisis, assortative mating, banking crisis, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, bike sharing, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, cashless society, central bank independence, Chelsea Manning, circulation of elites, classic study, Clayton Christensen, Corn Laws, corporate governance, credit crunch, crony capitalism, Deng Xiaoping, Detroit bankruptcy, disintermediation, Disneyland with the Death Penalty, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Etonian, failed state, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, Gunnar Myrdal, income inequality, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", junk bonds, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Kodak vs Instagram, labor-force participation, laissez-faire capitalism, land reform, Les Trente Glorieuses, liberal capitalism, Martin Wolf, means of production, Michael Milken, minimum wage unemployment, mittelstand, mobile money, Mont Pelerin Society, Nelson Mandela, night-watchman state, Norman Macrae, obamacare, oil shale / tar sands, old age dependency ratio, open economy, Parag Khanna, Peace of Westphalia, pension reform, pensions crisis, personalized medicine, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, popular capitalism, profit maximization, public intellectual, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, road to serfdom, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, school choice, school vouchers, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, Skype, special economic zone, TED Talk, the long tail, three-martini lunch, too big to fail, total factor productivity, vertical integration, War on Poverty, Washington Consensus, Winter of Discontent, working-age population, zero-sum game

Above all, China’s current leadership shares three of Lee’s convictions: that Western democracy is no longer efficient; that both capitalism and society need to be directed; and that getting government right is the key to their regime’s success and survival. The success so far is what makes westerners swoon. The one thing that the world’s tycoons agree upon when they meet at the World Economic Forum in Davos is that the Chinese state is a paragon of efficiency—especially compared with the fevered gridlock of Washington or the panicky incompetence of Brussels. “Beijing really gets things done,” sighs one American chief executive. “Their government people are so much smarter: it’s terrifying,”24 enthuses one of the world’s richest men.

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This is a country where in the run-up to the Chinese New Year supermarkets sell briefcases with two bottles of whiskey prepacked inside as a necessary “thank you” to local officials: One Western retailer was furious when sales fell by a fifth in 2013 because Xi Jinping had thundered against bribery.28 China finishes eightieth in Transparency International’s 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index, ­seventy-five places below Singapore. Indeed, if you look at any of the global measures of comparative effectiveness, the vaunted mandarin state that so impresses Davos man is full of holes: It finished only thirtieth in the World Economic Forum’s own Global Competitiveness Report in 2013–14, with lousy marks for bureaucracy as well as graft. The further you go down the Chinese system, the less impressive it appears. Most Chinese cities make ends meet through landgrabs. They buy property on the edge of town, using compulsory-purchase orders that seldom pay the landowners properly, and then sell it on to developers, who in turn sell on the houses they build to the richer urban middle classes.

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Two canny optimists are Martin Wolf (“The Reality of America’s Fiscal Future,” Financial Times, October 22, 2013) and Lawrence Summers (“The Battle over the US Budget Is the Wrong Fight,” Financial Times, October 13, 2013). 11. Ezra Klein, “The U.S. Government: An Insurance Conglomerate Protected by a Large, Standing Army,” Ezra Klein: Economic and Domestic Policy, and Lots of It (blog), WashingtonPost.com, February 14, 2011. 12. Merkel used these numbers in remarks to the World Economic Forum in January 2013. 13. John Maynard Keynes, The End of Laissez-Faire (London: Hogarth Press, 1927). This was first delivered as a lecture at Oxford University in 1924. CHAPTER 1 THOMAS HOBBES AND THE RISE OF THE NATION-STATE 1. One of us (AW) was a colleague of Finer’s when he was writing his book and still recalls with awe the diminutive man’s determination to scale the mighty mountain he had fixated upon and his enthusiasm for discussing his findings of the day over lunch, tea, dinner, and late-night drinks. 2.

The Internet Is Not the Answer by Andrew Keen

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, AltaVista, Andrew Keen, AOL-Time Warner, augmented reality, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Swan, Bob Geldof, Boston Dynamics, Burning Man, Cass Sunstein, Charles Babbage, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, collective bargaining, Colonization of Mars, computer age, connected car, creative destruction, cuban missile crisis, data science, David Brooks, decentralized internet, DeepMind, digital capitalism, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, Donald Davies, Downton Abbey, Dr. Strangelove, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, fail fast, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Frank Gehry, Frederick Winslow Taylor, frictionless, fulfillment center, full employment, future of work, gentrification, gig economy, global village, Google bus, Google Glasses, Hacker Ethic, happiness index / gross national happiness, holacracy, income inequality, index card, informal economy, information trail, Innovator's Dilemma, Internet of things, Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Perry Barlow, Joi Ito, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, Kodak vs Instagram, Lean Startup, libertarian paternalism, lifelogging, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Martin Wolf, Mary Meeker, Metcalfe’s law, military-industrial complex, move fast and break things, Nate Silver, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, nonsequential writing, Norbert Wiener, Norman Mailer, Occupy movement, packet switching, PageRank, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Patri Friedman, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer rental, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Potemkin village, power law, precariat, pre–internet, printed gun, Project Xanadu, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, reality distortion field, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Metcalfe, Robert Solow, San Francisco homelessness, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, smart cities, Snapchat, social web, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, subscription business, TaskRabbit, tech bro, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, Ted Nelson, telemarketer, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, the long tail, the medium is the message, the new new thing, Thomas L Friedman, Travis Kalanick, Twitter Arab Spring, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban planning, Vannevar Bush, warehouse robotics, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, work culture , working poor, Y Combinator

This was most memorably articulated by John Perry Barlow, an early WELL member and lyricist for the Grateful Dead, in his later 1996 libertarian manifesto “Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace.” “Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of mind,” Barlow announced from, of all places, Davos, the little town in the Swiss Alps where the wealthiest and most powerful people meet at the World Economic Forum each year. “I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.”38 The real explanation of the Internet’s early popularity was, however, more prosaic. Much of it was both the cause and the effect of a profound revolution in computer hardware.

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According to its founder, Scott Phoenix, Vicarious’s goal is to replicate the neocortex, thus creating a “computer that thinks like a person . . . except that it doesn’t have to sleep.”37 Phoenix told the Wall Street Journal that Vicarious will eventually “learn how to cure diseases, create cheap renewable energy, and perform the jobs that employ most human beings.”38 What Phoenix didn’t clarify, however, is what exactly human beings will do with themselves all day when every job is performed by Vicarious. The threat of artificial intelligence to jobs is becoming such a huge problem that even Eric Schmidt, Google’s normally glib executive chairman, now acknowledges its seriousness. “The race between computers and people,” Schmidt declared at the 2014 World Economic Forum in Davos, will be the “defining one” in the world economy over the next twenty-five years.39 And “people need to win,” he said. But given their massive investment in artificial intelligence, can we really trust Google to be on our side in this race between computers and people over the next quarter century?

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Best of all, at least from Page, Brin, and Schmidt’s point of view, Google has even been subsidized by NASA for cheap fuel, after what the agency’s inspector general described as a “misunderstanding” over pricing.78 So many of their jaunts around the world—from charity events in Africa to their presence at the World Economic Forum in Davos—are actually in part funded by public money. Google’s determination to reinvent reality can be seen in its plans to create a new Googleplex office, a medieval-style walled city called “Bay View”—featuring entirely self-enclosed offices, restaurants, gyms, laundries, crèches, even dormitories—that will, in good feudal fashion, cut off its privileged workers from everything around them.

Making Globalization Work by Joseph E. Stiglitz

"World Economic Forum" Davos, affirmative action, Alan Greenspan, Andrei Shleifer, Asian financial crisis, banking crisis, barriers to entry, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, blood diamond, business process, capital controls, carbon tax, central bank independence, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, currency manipulation / currency intervention, Doha Development Round, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Firefox, full employment, Garrett Hardin, Gini coefficient, global reserve currency, Global Witness, Great Leap Forward, Gunnar Myrdal, happiness index / gross national happiness, illegal immigration, income inequality, income per capita, incomplete markets, Indoor air pollution, informal economy, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inventory management, invisible hand, John Markoff, Jones Act, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, low interest rates, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, microcredit, moral hazard, negative emissions, new economy, North Sea oil, offshore financial centre, oil rush, open borders, open economy, price stability, profit maximization, purchasing power parity, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, race to the bottom, reserve currency, rising living standards, risk tolerance, Seymour Hersh, Silicon Valley, special drawing rights, statistical model, the market place, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, trade liberalization, Tragedy of the Commons, trickle-down economics, union organizing, Washington Consensus, zero-sum game

They have not sought to create a fair set of rules, let alone a set of rules that would promote the well-being of those in the poorest countries of the world. After speaking at the World Social Forum, Mary Robinson, Delhi University chancellor Deepak Nayaar, International Labour Organization president Juan Somavia, and I were among the few who went on to the World Economic Forum in Davos, the Swiss ski resort where the global elite gather to mull over the state of the world. Here, in this snowy mountain town, the world’s captains of industry and finance had very different views about globalization from those we heard in Mumbai. The World Social Forum had been an open meeting, bringing together vast numbers from all over the world who wanted to discuss social change and how to make their slogan, “Another world is possible,” a reality.

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UNDP, Investing in Development, op. cit. 28.According to the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, total expenditure on HIV/AIDS vaccine R&D as of 2002 has been between $430 million and $470 million, only between $50 million and $70 million of which has come from private industry. In contrast, total biopharmaceutical research and development expenditure has been about $50 billion a year. International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, “Delivering an AIDS Vaccine: A Briefing Paper,” World Economic Forum Briefing Document, 2002. 29.See Shantayanan Devarajan, Margaret J. Miller, and Eric V. Swanson, “Goals for Development: History, Prospects and Costs,” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2819, April 2002. 30.There is one argument for direct transfers: In many developing countries, the quality of publicly provided health and education services is deficient.

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Networking is also one of the main reasons that the movers and shakers of the world attend the invitation-only event at Davos. The Davos meetings have always been a good place to take the pulse of the world’s economic leaders. Though largely a gathering of white businessmen, supplemented by a roster of government officials and senior journalists, in recent years the invitation list has been expanded to include a number of artists, intellectuals, and NGO representatives. In Davos there was relief, and a bit of complacency. The global economy, which had been weak since the bursting of the dot-com bubble in America, was finally recovering, and the “war on terror” seemed to be under control.

Super Continent: The Logic of Eurasian Integration by Kent E. Calder

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, air freight, Asian financial crisis, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, blockchain, Bretton Woods, business intelligence, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, classic study, cloud computing, colonial rule, Credit Default Swap, cuban missile crisis, deindustrialization, demographic transition, Deng Xiaoping, disruptive innovation, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, energy transition, European colonialism, export processing zone, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, foreign exchange controls, geopolitical risk, Gini coefficient, high-speed rail, housing crisis, income inequality, industrial cluster, industrial robot, interest rate swap, intermodal, Internet of things, invention of movable type, inventory management, John Markoff, liberal world order, Malacca Straits, Mikhail Gorbachev, mittelstand, money market fund, moral hazard, new economy, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, purchasing power parity, quantitative easing, reserve currency, Ronald Reagan, seigniorage, Shenzhen special economic zone , smart cities, smart grid, SoftBank, South China Sea, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, special economic zone, Suez canal 1869, Suez crisis 1956, supply-chain management, Thomas L Friedman, trade liberalization, trade route, transcontinental railway, UNCLOS, UNCLOS, union organizing, Washington Consensus, working-age population, zero-sum game

Internationally, Alibaba founder Jack Ma, although not involved in any formal Chinese political activity, has been a prominent international spokesman for President Xi’s global economic initiatives, including the BRI. Ma met with president-elect Donald Trump just before Trump’s inauguration, for example, to discuss ways of promoting US small-business exports through e-commerce.58 And he spoke again in support of President Xi’s initiatives at the 2018 Davos World Economic Forum meetings.59 Through its e-commerce activities, Alibaba is continually promoting a next-generation version of the BRI.60 Taken together, the three types of Chinese national champions—SOEs, government-supported private firms, and employee-owned collectives—all play central, if varied, roles in deepening Eurasian connectivity.

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Capitalizing on its continuing rapid growth, positive relations with major global power centers in Europe, and failures of US global leadership under Donald Trump, however, China is expanding its connectivity initiatives, both to other continents and also to the global agenda-setting stage. In January 2017 at the World Economic Forum in Davos, and again in May 2017 at the inaugural Belt and Road Forum in Beijing, President Xi emphasized the global scope of the BRI and its role in promoting global communication, interdependence, and sustainable growth. Xi reiterated these themes at the 2018 Boao Forum for Asia. Premier Li Keqiang stressed similar themes in extensive meetings with European leaders in the immediate aftermath of Donald Trump’s controversial visit to NATO headquarters and Trump’s decision to withdraw the US from the historic COP-21 global environmental agreement.

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., 262n2, 285n46 Voltaire, 162, 163, 164 Volvo, 175 Vostok 2018 military exercise, 158 Wang Gungwu, 225 Warsaw Pact, 13, 56, 57, 122, 165, 167, 172, 210 Washington (as government). See United States Washington Consensus, 95 Water security challenges, 197 Weapons of mass destruction (WMD), 195 –197, 196t Wen Jiabao, 95, 116 White, Harry Dexter, 207 Wilson, Harold, 220 Witte, Sergius, 32, 48 World Bank, 46, 94, 207, 208, 209 –210, 230 World Economic Forum in Davos, 114, 230, 236 World Health Organization (WHO), 199 World Trade Organization (WTO), 46, 118, 168, 208, 212, 224, 299n2 Xi Jinping: and Belt and Road Forum, 97, 117, 236; and Belt and Road Initiative, 4, 11, 32, 44, 46, 48, 96, 107, 108, 115, 116, 121, 203, 226, 230, 234; and Boao Forum for Asia, 236; as Chinese leader, 43, 251; and G-2, 239 –240; Eurasian diplomacy, 137, 139; and Europe, 68, 178, 204, 219; and Russia, 32, 41, 84, 101, 151–154, 204, 219; and Southeast Asia, 116, 135, 204; and Xi Zhongxun, 102 Xinjiang, 110, 112, 141, 142, 148, 189, 192, 194, 195 Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Bingtuan), 110 Xiongnu, 25 –26, 257–258n9 Index Yakutia, 34, 144 Yamal LNG project, 147, 284n33 Yanukovych, Viktor, 66 – 67, 153, 171, 286n63 Yan Xuetong, 225 Yaowarat: and Bangkok Chinese, 124 Yeltsin, Boris, 55, 56, 60, 151 Yergin, Daniel, 210 Yiwu: and London rail service, 181 Yuan dynasty, 28, 161 325 Yukos, 142, 283n15 Yunnan, 115, 127, 130, 134, 135, 139 Zakaria, Fareed, 191 Zeng Peiyan, 95 Zhang Qian, and classic Silk Roads, 24, 25, 26, 28, 47, 257n3 Zheng He, 30, 44, 123 Zhou Enlai, 51, 101 Zhu Rongji, 187

Live Work Work Work Die: A Journey Into the Savage Heart of Silicon Valley by Corey Pein

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, 4chan, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Anne Wojcicki, artificial general intelligence, bank run, barriers to entry, Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL), Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, Build a better mousetrap, California gold rush, cashless society, colonial rule, computer age, cryptocurrency, data is the new oil, deep learning, digital nomad, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Douglas Hofstadter, driverless car, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, Extropian, fail fast, fake it until you make it, fake news, gamification, gentrification, gig economy, Google bus, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Greyball, growth hacking, hacker house, Hacker News, hive mind, illegal immigration, immigration reform, independent contractor, intentional community, Internet of things, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, job automation, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Larry Ellison, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lean Startup, life extension, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, minimum viable product, move fast and break things, mutually assured destruction, Neal Stephenson, obamacare, Parker Conrad, passive income, patent troll, Patri Friedman, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer lending, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, platform as a service, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-work, public intellectual, Ray Kurzweil, regulatory arbitrage, rent control, RFID, Robert Mercer, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Ross Ulbricht, Ruby on Rails, Sam Altman, Sand Hill Road, Scientific racism, self-driving car, selling pickaxes during a gold rush, sharing economy, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Singularitarianism, Skype, Snapchat, Social Justice Warrior, social software, software as a service, source of truth, South of Market, San Francisco, Startup school, stealth mode startup, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, tech bro, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, technological singularity, technoutopianism, telepresence, too big to fail, Travis Kalanick, tulip mania, Tyler Cowen, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, unit 8200, upwardly mobile, Vernor Vinge, vertical integration, Virgin Galactic, X Prize, Y Combinator, Zenefits

According to Forbes, some wealthy landowners have taken additional exclusionary measures, like securing the perimeter of their estates with infrared cameras and booby-trapping the interiors with smoke screens and pepper-spray grenades. When fortification fails, there is retreat. At the 2015 Davos World Economic Forum, Robert Johnson, an economist close to the liberal financier George Soros, said he knew “hedge fund managers all over the world who are buying airstrips and farms in places like New Zealand because they think they need a getaway.” Thiel, it seemed, would have company. Another Davos participant, the former World Bank economist Stewart Wallis, linked elite fears of wealth confiscation to the Singularitarian dream of space colonization.

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Chaturbate Chen, Tim Chi, Tom Cisco Systems Citibank Clinkle Clinton, Bill CNBC CNET Cohen, Aron Community Foundation Compliance Company Conrad, Parker Corbis Corporation Counsyl Coursera Cowen, Tyler Craigslist Cryptonomicon (Stephenson) CutiePieMarzia Daily Caller Damore, James Davos World Economic Forum de Grey, Aubrey Deloitte Demotix DeveloperWeek Diamandis, Peter Dickman, Steve Discover Disney Dourdil, Steve Duplan, Lucas Dvorsky, George EATR Eaze eBay Ellison, Larry Ellul, Jacques Entrepreneur magazine Eventbrite Evernote Eviction Defense Collaborative Evola, Julius Eyal, Nir Facebook Factory FarmVille Fascism Viewed from the Right (Evola) Federal Trade Commission Feinstein, Dianne Fernandez, Manny Ferreira, Corey Fields, James Alex, Jr.

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Although he was content to sip his beer and silently observe the proceedings from a distance, his presence could not be ignored. He seemed above it all. I had heard it said that in Silicon Valley, those most slovenly in appearance possessed the largest bank accounts. By that rule, this guy might’ve been a Davos-class billionaire. A well-worn backpack lay between his feet. His jeans were faded, his plaid shirt dull. Thick black curls poured from beneath his baseball cap. I’d been in a grouchy mood, but something about this man made me feel sociable. I took a seat by his side. By way of making conversation, I asked about his phone.

Switzerland by Damien Simonis, Sarah Johnstone, Nicola Williams

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Albert Einstein, bank run, car-free, clean water, financial engineering, Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Bilbao, haute couture, haute cuisine, indoor plumbing, Kickstarter, low cost airline, Nelson Mandela, offshore financial centre, the market place, trade route, young professional

At the Sportzentrum (%081 415 36 00; Talstrasse 41) you can get into handball, volleyball and more – it is free for overnight guests. 12 17 e 18 15 nad me Pro str Orientation & Information Activities Schatzalp Funicular res e Ob 500 m 0.3 miles C eid Nine kilometres on from Klosters, Davos is the brasher of the two resorts and frankly not that attractive. Once a famous health resort, it has recently got a name for itself as the annual meeting point for the crème de la crème of world capitalism, the World Economic Forum (WEF to those in the know). Global chat fests aside, the serious business here is skiing. Those bold of body and swift of ski brave some savage slopes, including the legendary Parsenn-Weissfluh area, where runs descend up to 2000m. 1 tr B ssw pop 10,900 / elevation 1560m ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ A Davos Platz Ro DAVOS the world’s largest collection of works by the German expressionist painter (1880– 1938).

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ArtHaus Hotel Quisisana (%081 413 51 04; www .arthaushotel.ch; Platzstrasse 5; s/d Sfr149/258) Two themes dominate the rooms: light, timber B1 B1 D1 B1 B1 A1 8 To Färich (1km); Flüela Pass (15km) Dorfstr 4 e nad e rom w nd t er 2 zgä ba str Sal Ta iss To Davoser See (2km); SYHA Hostel (4km); Hubli's Landhaus (5km); Klosters (10km) Parsenn Funicular Train Station Bü nd a ast r Train Station Jakobshorn Funicular Talstr awe g Bahnhofstr Ernst-LudwigKirchner Platz Regin 2 9 st a t Platzstr tr 7 6 Ric h 11 Davos Dorf Buols Mühiestr .davos.ch; Promenade 67; h8.30am-6.30pm Mon-Fri, 9am5.30pm Sat, 10am-noon & 3-5.30pm Sun) is in Platz. 3 D str Davos is a 4km-long strip beside the train line and the Landwasser river. It comprises two contiguous areas, each with a train station: Davos Platz and the older Davos Dorf. The main tourist office (%081 415 21 21; www The Weissfluh ski area goes as high as 2844m, from where you can ski to Küblis, more than 2000m lower and 12km away.

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Those bold of body and swift of ski brave some savage slopes, including the legendary Parsenn-Weissfluh area, where runs descend up to 2000m. 1 tr B ssw pop 10,900 / elevation 1560m ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ ᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲᝲ A Davos Platz Ro DAVOS the world’s largest collection of works by the German expressionist painter (1880– 1938). Kirchner, afflicted by pulmonary problems and later a weakness in the hands that made painting difficult, first came to Davos for treatment in 1917. He later returned and, as the Nazis rose to power in his home country, remained and painted some extraordinary scenes of the area around Davos. When the Nazis classified Kirchner as a ‘degenerate artist’ and emptied German galleries of his works, he was overcome with despair and took his own life in 1938. 0 0 DAVOS Sportweg See Davos (p278), as Klosters is on the same train route between Landquart and Filisur.

Break Through: Why We Can't Leave Saving the Planet to Environmentalists by Michael Shellenberger, Ted Nordhaus

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Abraham Maslow, affirmative action, An Inconvenient Truth, anti-communist, Berlin Wall, bread and circuses, carbon credits, carbon tax, clean water, conceptual framework, David Brooks, deindustrialization, Easter island, facts on the ground, falling living standards, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, Great Leap Forward, Herbert Marcuse, illegal immigration, Indoor air pollution, insecure affluence, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), invisible hand, knowledge economy, land reform, loss aversion, market fundamentalism, McMansion, means of production, meta-analysis, Michael Shellenberger, microcredit, new economy, oil shock, postindustrial economy, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Florida, science of happiness, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Stewart Brand, Ted Nordhaus, the strength of weak ties, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, trade liberalization, War on Poverty, We are as Gods, winner-take-all economy, World Values Survey, zero-sum game

On January 27, 2005, standing before the Davos World Economic Forum, Prime Minister Tony Blair put at the center of his vision of global interdependence two issues that had never before played such a prominent role in any geopolitical agenda: extreme poverty and global warming. “Why do it?” Blair asked. “Not just because they matter. But because on both there are differences that need to be reconciled; and if they could be reconciled or at least moved forward, it would make a huge difference to the prospects of international unity; as well as to people’s lives and our future survival.” For environmentalists, Blair’s Davos speech was a breakthrough.

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See environmental justice groups Coutinho, Leonardo, 48–49, 51–52, 64 Coyle, Marcia, 70–72 creative ethos, 247 Crichton, Michael, 139–40 Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism, The (Bell), 247 Cuyahoga River fire (1969), 21, 22–24, 279 (n3) D Darwin, Charles, 151 Davidson, Pamela, 71–72, 298 (n43) Davos World Economic Forum, 262–63 “Death of Environmentalism: Global Warming Politics in a Post-Environmental World, The” (Shellenberger essay), 1, 8, 10, 111–12, 128–29 debt. See consumer debt; dictatorship debt debt-for-nature idea, 57–61 deforestation. See Amazon forest; Brazil Democratic Party deficit reduction and, 261–62 health care fixes and, 180–84 interest-group politics and, 231–32 need for new vision in, 13–15, 241–43, 256–59 as party of victims, 184–85 political failures and, 260–61 Dennehy, Kevin, 104 depression, 216–17, 220, 239 developing nations.

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Even so, the announcement further undermined Blair and positioned Bush as a champion of economic development in the developing world. A senior Downing Street official correctly described the secretly negotiated agreement and surprise announcement as a “slap in the face.”32 9. What went wrong with Tony Blair’s crusade on global warming? To answer this question, we must take a closer look at the speech he gave at Davos. “There are facts that are accepted,” Blair began. Ever since Arrhenius first predicted global warming in 1896, it has been fiercely debated. I am not a scientific expert. I only see that the balance of evidence has shifted one way. Some argue this warming is part of a natural cycle such as, by contrast, the mini ice age in the Middle Ages.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution by Klaus Schwab

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Anthropocene, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, bitcoin, blockchain, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, circular economy, clean water, collaborative consumption, commoditize, conceptual framework, continuous integration, CRISPR, cross-border payments, crowdsourcing, digital divide, digital twin, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, distributed ledger, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, epigenetics, Erik Brynjolfsson, future of work, global value chain, Google Glasses, hype cycle, income inequality, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invention of the steam engine, job automation, job satisfaction, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, life extension, Lyft, Marc Benioff, mass immigration, megacity, meta-analysis, more computing power than Apollo, mutually assured destruction, Narrative Science, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, nuclear taboo, OpenAI, personalized medicine, precariat, precision agriculture, Productivity paradox, race to the bottom, randomized controlled trial, reshoring, RFID, rising living standards, Sam Altman, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, smart cities, smart contracts, social contagion, software as a service, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, supercomputer in your pocket, synthetic biology, TaskRabbit, The Future of Employment, The Spirit Level, total factor productivity, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, women in the workforce, working-age population, Y Combinator, Zipcar

It is only by bringing together and working in collaboration with leaders from business, government, civil society, faith, academia and the young generation that it becomes possible to obtain a holistic perspective of what is going on. In addition, this is critical to develop and implement integrated ideas and solutions that will result in sustainable change. This is the principle embedded in the multistakeholder theory (what the World Economic Forum communities often call the Spirit of Davos), which I first proposed in a book published in 1971.70 Boundaries between sectors and professions are artificial and are proving to be increasingly counterproductive. More than ever, it is essential to dissolve these barriers by engaging the power of networks to forge effective partnerships.

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It is incumbent on us all to make sure that the latter is what happens. Acknowledgements All of us at the World Economic Forum are aware of our responsibility, as the international organization for public private cooperation, to serve as a global platform to help define the challenges associated the fourth industrial revolution and help all stakeholders shape appropriate solutions in a proactive and comprehensive manner, in collaboration with our partners, members, and constituents. For this reason, the theme of the Forum’s Annual Meeting 2016 in Davos-Klosters is “Mastering the Fourth Industrial Revolution”. We are committed to catalysing constructive discussions and partnerships around this topic across all our challenges, projects and meetings.

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World Economic Forum® © 2016 – All rights reserved. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the World Economic Forum. ISBN-13: 978-1-944835-01-9 ISBN-10: 1944835016 REF: 231215 World Economic Forum 91–93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland www.weforum.org Contents Introduction 1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution 1.1 Historical Context 1.2 Profound and Systemic Change 2. Drivers 2.1 Megatrends 2.1.1 Physical 2.1.2 Digital 2.1.3 Biological 2.2 Tipping Points 3.

Rich White Men: What It Takes to Uproot the Old Boys' Club and Transform America by Garrett Neiman

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Albert Einstein, basic income, Bernie Sanders, BIPOC, Black Lives Matter, Branko Milanovic, British Empire, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, clean water, confounding variable, coronavirus, COVID-19, critical race theory, dark triade / dark tetrad, data science, Donald Trump, drone strike, effective altruism, Elon Musk, gender pay gap, George Floyd, glass ceiling, green new deal, high net worth, Home mortgage interest deduction, Howard Zinn, impact investing, imposter syndrome, impulse control, income inequality, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, liberal capitalism, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, mandatory minimum, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, means of production, meritocracy, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, microaggression, mortgage tax deduction, move fast and break things, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, occupational segregation, offshore financial centre, Paul Buchheit, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, randomized controlled trial, rent-seeking, Ronald Reagan, Rutger Bregman, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Jobs, subprime mortgage crisis, TED Talk, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, Travis Kalanick, trickle-down economics, uber lyft, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, War on Poverty, white flight, William MacAskill, winner-take-all economy, women in the workforce, work culture , working poor

When education reform and extreme inequality duel, extreme inequality tends to win, since well-heeled parents ensure well-resourced schools. Yet philanthropists like Morgan continue to be surprised that it is so difficult to reform schools in low-wealth communities of color, even when those communities lack resources. When historian Rutger Bregman attended the World Economic Forum at Davos, he made a similar observation. Like Milken attendees, Davos participants were also searching for ways to drive systemic change without addressing wealth inequality. “It feels as if I’m at a firefighters’ conference,” Bregman remarked, “and no one is allowed to speak about water.”5 The view that education reform is the linchpin to fighting poverty is so commonly held among wealthy philanthropists that there is now a term for it.

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While few studies to date have explored the relative impact of income and wealth on long-term life outcomes, the Institute for Fiscal Studies has found that children born into wealthy families are six times as likely to be wealthy as adults, a disparity that is far greater than the impact of the income divide.13 In America, wealth inequality is more extreme than income inequality. While America’s top 1 percent capture 19 percent of income, they hold 32 percent of the wealth—about $40 trillion.14 When the World Economic Forum surveyed 103 countries in 2018, it found that the United States had the sixth-highest wealth inequality.15 That level of inequality is on par with Russia—infamous for its oligarchs—and South Africa, which has struggled to dismantle its apartheid legacy.16 Among “developed” countries, American wealth inequality is unique.

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If that sounds fantastical, consider Melinda Gates, who opens up in her book The Moment of Lift about her decades-long struggle to get her husband, Bill, to see her as an equal partner.38 Although the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation bears both of their names, Melinda did not have equal decision rights, which kept a $1 billion initiative to advance gender equality on the back burner. It was only after Melinda convinced Bill to capitalize Pivotal Ventures, a separate fund that she oversees, that she was able to launch the initiative. Apparently Bill saw advancing gender equality as women’s work that was unfit for the foundation that bears his name. In 2019, a World Economic Forum study estimated that it will take the United States another 268 years to reach gender equality.39 How much time did America lose because one rich white man didn’t see his wife as an equal and treat her as a full partner? How much could this country gain if even a few powerful white men took that step?

Boundless: The Rise, Fall, and Escape of Carlos Ghosn by Nick Kostov

"World Economic Forum" Davos, airport security, bitcoin, business logic, collapse of Lehman Brothers, corporate governance, COVID-19, cryptocurrency, Donald Trump, glass ceiling, Google Earth, Les Trente Glorieuses, lockdown, Masayoshi Son, offshore financial centre, rolodex, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, the payments system

They were filled with darkness. * * * The World Economic Forum kicked off in Davos on January 22, 2019. Heads of state, economic pundits, and financial market luminaries congregated in the resort town surrounded by snowcapped mountains to discuss the state of the world and attempt to adjust the trajectory of human affairs. As it had been every year since 1971, the idea was for the participants to leave behind their earthly worries and gain some perspective in the rarefied heights of the Alpine retreat. This year, however, the man who had come to symbolize globalization and incarnated the Davos spirit more than any other corporate leader was notably absent.

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His was the type of work trajectory Ghosn respected in others: Bahwan had gone from working at his father’s small import business to helming a sprawling conglomerate spanning everything from IT outsourcing to Rolls-Royce distribution. Juffali was a Saudi billionaire whom Ghosn had recently hired to help jump-start Nissan sales in the Gulf region. Ghosn knew the sheikh from his Michelin days, and the two men regularly met at the annual World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Though he didn’t fall into the self-made category that Bahwan did (his predecessors formed the “Juffali Group” conglomerate in the 1970s, managing one of the largest corporate enterprises in Saudi Arabia), Ghosn respected the sheikh’s ability to cultivate international connections.

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See arrests/detention center Ghosn’s defense strategy, 271 Ghosn’s point-by-point rebuttal to charges, 257–58 Imazu’s meeting with, 173 interrogation techniques, 193–94 Kelly arrest, 183–84 Nada cuts deal with, 178 Nada’s meeting with, 175 Ohnuma and, 175 “the Oman route” focus, 220–21 raiding Nissan headquarters, 185–86 Seki, Yoshitaka, 192–94, 223 Tournaire, Serge, 266–67 Turrini, Régis, 137–40 Uniroyal Goodrich, 39–42 Vial, Martin, 141–42, 161, 208 Wagoner, Rick, 80 Wall Street Journal, 48 Wheels of Innovation (statue), 3 World Economic Forum, 200–201 Yokohama Prison, 273 Zayek, George-Antoine, 233, 234, 237, 265. See also escape operation Zetsche, Dieter, 113 Zi-A Capital, 104, 107, 109, 169–70 About the Authors NICK KOSTOV has worked for the Wall Street Journal for the last seven years, covering business and general news from Paris.

The Road to Ruin: The Global Elites' Secret Plan for the Next Financial Crisis by James Rickards

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, asset allocation, asset-backed security, bank run, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bayesian statistics, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, Benoit Mandelbrot, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bitcoin, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, blockchain, Boeing 747, Bonfire of the Vanities, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, British Empire, business cycle, butterfly effect, buy and hold, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Carmen Reinhart, cellular automata, cognitive bias, cognitive dissonance, complexity theory, Corn Laws, corporate governance, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, cuban missile crisis, currency manipulation / currency intervention, currency peg, currency risk, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, Deng Xiaoping, disintermediation, distributed ledger, diversification, diversified portfolio, driverless car, Edward Lorenz: Chaos theory, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, fiat currency, financial repression, fixed income, Flash crash, floating exchange rates, forward guidance, Fractional reserve banking, G4S, George Akerlof, Glass-Steagall Act, global macro, global reserve currency, high net worth, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, information asymmetry, interest rate swap, Isaac Newton, jitney, John Meriwether, John von Neumann, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, labor-force participation, large denomination, liquidity trap, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, machine readable, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, market bubble, Mexican peso crisis / tequila crisis, Minsky moment, Money creation, money market fund, mutually assured destruction, Myron Scholes, Naomi Klein, nuclear winter, obamacare, offshore financial centre, operational security, Paul Samuelson, Peace of Westphalia, Phillips curve, Pierre-Simon Laplace, plutocrats, prediction markets, price anchoring, price stability, proprietary trading, public intellectual, quantitative easing, RAND corporation, random walk, reserve currency, RFID, risk free rate, risk-adjusted returns, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, Silicon Valley, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, stock buybacks, stocks for the long run, tech billionaire, The Bell Curve by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, Thomas Bayes, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, too big to fail, transfer pricing, value at risk, Washington Consensus, We are all Keynesians now, Westphalian system

Central bankers gather in August at the Jackson Hole, Wyoming, conference sponsored by the Kansas City Federal Reserve. Military and intelligence elites gather at the Munich Security Conference in early February. Thought leaders and public intellectuals can take their pick from among the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, the Milken Institute Global Conference in Beverly Hills, and the TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) conference in Vancouver. These super-elite venues are not run-of-the-mill industry conventions. They are by invitation only, or come with admission and sponsorship conditions that self-select for power elite participation.

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S. Eliot had a vision: T. S. Eliot, The Waste Land (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2000). CHAPTER 2: ONE MONEY, ONE WORLD, ONE ORDER “Massive progress has been made”: Remarks of Christine Lagarde, managing director of the International Monetary Fund, at a Bloomberg Panel, World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, January 22, 2015, accessed August 7, 2016, www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2015-01-22/lagarde-cohn-summers-botin-dalio-on-bloomberg-panel. “You never want a serious crisis to go to waste”: Rahm Emanuel, as quoted in Gerald F. Seib, “In Crisis, Opportunity for Obama,” The Wall Street Journal, November 21, 2008, accessed August 7, 2016, www.wsj.com/articles/SB122721278056345271.

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Capital markets were condemned to a succession of calamities while academics-turned-central-bankers waited decades for more data to convince them of their failures. Faust and I ended the evening at the aptly named Bull and Bear bar in the Waldorf Astoria hotel about a block from the restaurant. We sipped straight Scotch, an aged batch selected with care by our friend Dave “Davos” Nolan, the hedge fund billionaire, and shared with another dinner companion, world-class biologist Beverly Wendland. Davos, Beverly, and I toasted Jon’s recent return to academia—what I called his “escape from the Fed.” Unfortunately there is no escape for the global economy. The Power of Gold Simply seeing market collapse, even through a complexity theory lens, is unsatisfying to investors who don’t care why things end, but want to know when.

Trees on Mars: Our Obsession With the Future by Hal Niedzviecki

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Ada Lovelace, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, Albert Einstein, Alvin Toffler, Amazon Robotics, anti-communist, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, big-box store, business intelligence, Charles Babbage, Colonization of Mars, computer age, crowdsourcing, data science, David Brooks, driverless car, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Flynn Effect, Ford Model T, Future Shock, Google Glasses, hive mind, Howard Zinn, if you build it, they will come, income inequality, independent contractor, Internet of things, invention of movable type, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John von Neumann, knowledge economy, Kodak vs Instagram, life extension, Lyft, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Neil Armstrong, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Ponzi scheme, precariat, prediction markets, Ralph Nader, randomized controlled trial, Ray Kurzweil, ride hailing / ride sharing, rising living standards, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Steve Jobs, TaskRabbit, tech worker, technological singularity, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, Ted Kaczynski, TED Talk, Thomas L Friedman, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, Virgin Galactic, warehouse robotics, working poor

Entities like the Push Institute (“pushthefuture.org”), Technology Futures, The Foresight Institute, and Institute for the Future issue ever more-lavish directives on seizing the coming day. Consulting firms, companies, and leading tech organizations release their annual proclamations on the future. These include Frog Design, an industrial design company that has worked with Apple and Sony, and its annual “Tech Trends” report; the World Economic Forum’s annual “Top 10 Emerging Technologies” report; Accenture’s “Technology Vision” report; Deloitte’s annual “predictions for the technology, media, and telecommunications (TMT) sectors”; and consulting firm Gartner’s annual “Gartner Predicts—Gartner’s Predictions for the Year Ahead.”24 These and many more missives are dispensed at must-attend conferences.

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The Big Data authors write about “systems” as in, “systems perform well because they are fed with lots of data on which to base their predictions.”12 This is the implementation of an overall resetting of priorities around, “the ability of society to harness information in novel ways.”13 The Big Data authors talk about data as the “raw material of business, a vital economic input, used to create a new form of economic value.” They talk about how “data can be cleverly reused to become a fountain of innovation and new services.” They assure us that big data will “produce useful insights or goods and services of significant value.”14 In 2011, the World Economic Forum announced that big data would henceforth “be considered a new class of economic asset,” a thing you can own and profit from, the fuel that will finally power us to the future.15 So it is that more and more companies are signing up with ESRI. Collecting, accessing and parsing huge quantities of data, paying fees for systemic access to the future, is becoming just another cost of doing business.

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Mayer-Scho¨nberger and Cukier, Big Data, 140. 39. Jeremy Rifkin, “The Rise of Anti-Capitalism,” The New York Times, March 15, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/16/opinion/sunday/the-rise-of-anti-capitalism.html. 40. Don Tapscott, “Davos: Delight over the Recovery, Fear for the Bigger Picture,” The Globe and Mail, January 28, 2014, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/international-business/davos-delight-over-the-recovery-fear-for-the-bigger-picture/article16540650/. 41. Brynjolfsson and McAfee, Race Against the Machine. 42. Lanier, Who Owns the Future?, 60. 43. Paul Beaudry, David A. Green, and Benjamin M.

Why We Can't Afford the Rich by Andrew Sayer

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, Anthropocene, anti-globalists, asset-backed security, banking crisis, banks create money, basic income, biodiversity loss, bond market vigilante , Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, Bullingdon Club, business cycle, call centre, capital controls, carbon footprint, carbon tax, collective bargaining, corporate raider, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, crony capitalism, David Graeber, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, decarbonisation, declining real wages, deglobalization, degrowth, deindustrialization, delayed gratification, demand response, don't be evil, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, en.wikipedia.org, Etonian, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Fractional reserve banking, full employment, G4S, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, green new deal, high net worth, high-speed rail, income inequality, information asymmetry, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), investor state dispute settlement, Isaac Newton, James Carville said: "I would like to be reincarnated as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.", James Dyson, job automation, Julian Assange, junk bonds, Kickstarter, labour market flexibility, laissez-faire capitalism, land bank, land value tax, long term incentive plan, low skilled workers, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, moral hazard, mortgage debt, negative equity, neoliberal agenda, new economy, New Urbanism, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, patent troll, payday loans, Philip Mirowski, plutocrats, popular capitalism, predatory finance, price stability, proprietary trading, pushing on a string, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, retail therapy, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, short selling, sovereign wealth fund, Steve Jobs, tacit knowledge, TED Talk, The Nature of the Firm, The Spirit Level, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, transfer pricing, trickle-down economics, universal basic income, unpaid internship, upwardly mobile, Washington Consensus, wealth creators, WikiLeaks, Winter of Discontent, working poor, Yom Kippur War, zero-sum game

Charles Ferguson argues that in the United States both main parties are heavily funded by major companies, so that they both adopt similar neoliberal economic policies and differ significantly only on social issues.24 Things are not so different in the UK, where both main parties are in thrall to the City and compete for the endorsement of Rupert Murdoch and other media oligarchs. What kind of democracy is this? Fat cats in the snow: the World Economic Forum (WEF) at Davos This is the place to be seen if you’re super-rich or seeking to ingratiate yourself with them and influence them. The WEF is an invitation-only organisation comprising ‘1,000 of the world’s top corporations, global enterprises usually with more than US$ 5 billion in turnover’.25 It describes itself as an ‘independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas’.

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The WSF is a paradigm example of globalization. It is a gathering of huge numbers of people from all over the world, from just about every corner of life one can think of, apart from the extremely narrow highly privileged elites who meet at the competing World Economic Forum, and are called ‘pro-globalization’ by the propaganda system. Singer Bono had it right when he called Davos ‘fat cats in the snow’. The lattice of influence The plutocracy makes use of a dense lattice of relationships between businesses, trade and professional organisations, think-tanks, lobbying firms, politicians, political party researchers and special advisors to politicians.

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It’s what I would call ‘conscience laundering’ – feeling better about accumulating more than any one person could possibly need to live on by sprinkling a little around as an act of charity.130 And having one’s name or company brand attached to a good cause is good public relations; you don’t even have to declare how much you’ve given; for companies it buys an aura of ‘corporate social responsibility’. At the annual World Economic Forum in Davos, the super-rich gather to be seen at the sessions on philanthropy, and bathe in the glow of benevolence. Philanthropists don’t just want to give money and allow the recipients to use it as they see fit; they want to have some control over how it’s used, because, let’s face it, the rich, being so clever and successful, know best.

The Death of Money: The Coming Collapse of the International Monetary System by James Rickards

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, Asian financial crisis, asset allocation, Ayatollah Khomeini, bank run, banking crisis, Bear Stearns, Ben Bernanke: helicopter money, bitcoin, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, Black Swan, Boeing 747, Bretton Woods, BRICs, business climate, business cycle, buy and hold, capital controls, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, centre right, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, complexity theory, computer age, credit crunch, currency peg, David Graeber, debt deflation, Deng Xiaoping, diversification, Dr. Strangelove, Edward Snowden, eurozone crisis, fiat currency, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial intermediation, financial repression, fixed income, Flash crash, floating exchange rates, forward guidance, G4S, George Akerlof, global macro, global reserve currency, global supply chain, Goodhart's law, Growth in a Time of Debt, guns versus butter model, Herman Kahn, high-speed rail, income inequality, inflation targeting, information asymmetry, invisible hand, jitney, John Meriwether, junk bonds, Kenneth Rogoff, labor-force participation, Lao Tzu, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, liquidity trap, Long Term Capital Management, low interest rates, mandelbrot fractal, margin call, market bubble, market clearing, market design, megaproject, Modern Monetary Theory, Money creation, money market fund, money: store of value / unit of account / medium of exchange, mutually assured destruction, Nixon triggered the end of the Bretton Woods system, obamacare, offshore financial centre, oil shale / tar sands, open economy, operational security, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, power law, price stability, public intellectual, quantitative easing, RAND corporation, reserve currency, risk-adjusted returns, Rod Stewart played at Stephen Schwarzman birthday party, Ronald Reagan, Satoshi Nakamoto, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Solyndra, sovereign wealth fund, special drawing rights, Stuxnet, The Market for Lemons, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, trade route, undersea cable, uranium enrichment, Washington Consensus, working-age population, yield curve

His background is unique: he has operated at the highest levels at a central bank under Chinese Communist Party control and at the highest levels of the IMF, an institution ostensibly committed to free markets and open capital accounts. Zhu travels continually on official IMF business, for university lectures, and to attend prestigious international conferences such as the Davos World Economic Forum. Private bankers and government officials eagerly seek his advice at the IMF’s Washington, D.C., headquarters and on the sidelines of G20 summits, while Communist Party Central Politburo members do the same on his periodic trips to Beijing. From East to West, from communism to capitalism, Min Zhu straddles the contending forces in world finance today, with a foot in both camps.

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Hundreds of eminent international economists, and prominent former officials such as Treasury secretary Hank Paulson, who had engineered the Goldman Sachs bailout in 2008, publicly called on Congress to approve the legislation. However, President Obama did not include the new requests in his 2012 or 2013 budgets, in order to avoid making a campaign issue out of U.S. taxpayer support for European bailouts. At this point Christine Lagarde’s impatience with the process began to boil over. During the World Economic Forum in Davos on January 28, 2012, she hoisted her Louis Vuitton handbag in the air and said, “I am here with my little bag, to actually collect a bit of money.” In an interview with The Washington Post published on June 29, 2013, she was more pointed and said, “We have been able to significantly increase our resources . . . notwithstanding the fact that the U.S. did not contribute or support that move. . . .

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National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper no. 15714, January 2010, http://www.nber.org/papers/w15714. ———. “Methods of Policy Accommodation at the Interest-Rate Lower Bound.” Paper presented at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Symposium, Jackson Hole, Wyo., August 31, 2012, http://www.kc.frb.org/publicat/sympos/2012/mw.pdf. World Economic Forum. “More Credit with Fewer Crises: Responsibly Meeting the World’s Growing Demand for Credit.” Report in Collaboration with McKinsey, January 2010, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_NR_More_credit_fewer_crises_2011.pdf. World Gold Council. “Gold: A Commodity like No Other,” April 2011, http://www.exchangetradedgold.com/media/ETG/file/Gold_a_commodity_like_no_other.pdf.

Mbs: The Rise to Power of Mohammed Bin Salman by Ben Hubbard

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Ayatollah Khomeini, Bellingcat, bitcoin, Citizen Lab, Donald Trump, fake news, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, knowledge economy, Mark Zuckerberg, medical residency, megacity, Mohammed Bouazizi, NSO Group, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, Rubik’s Cube, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, SoftBank, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Tim Cook: Apple, urban planning, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, Yom Kippur War

Saudi research grant: “Western walkout of Saudi ‘Davos in the Desert’ conference over Jamal Khashoggi undermines kingdom’s modernization plans,” WaPo, Oct. 12, 2018. MBS’s foundation: Author correspondence, Gates Foundation spokesperson, Nov. 1, 2018. ran for the exits: “Two more Washington lobbying firms drop representation of Saudi Arabia in wake of alleged killing of Jamal Khashoggi,” WaPo, Oct. 15, 2018. over a kneeling Khashoggi: Screenshot taken by the author Oct. 2018. “illicit appropriation”: “World Economic Forum Objects to Misuse of the ‘Davos’ Brand,” press release, World Economic Forum, Oct. 22, 2018.

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As the conference approached, executives pleaded with MBS to postpone it, but he refused, not wanting to show weakness or imply culpability. So it went ahead, with an inauspicious start. Hackers defaced its website, posting a picture of MBS wielding a bloody sword over a kneeling Khashoggi. The World Economic Forum condemned the use of the “Davos” brand for unaffiliated events, threatening to “use all means” against “illicit appropriation”—clearly an effort to kill the “Davos in the Desert” comparisons. Once the conference began, Saudi speakers sought to express consternation while not dampening the kingdom’s attractiveness for investment. “The terrible acts reported in recent weeks are alien to our culture and our DNA,” Lubna Olayan, a Saudi billionaire businesswoman, said at the opening.

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INTRODUCTION BY THE TIME the young prince who was running the Arab world’s richest country was due to speak, a standing-room-only crowd of international investors, businessmen, millionaires, and billionaires had packed a luxurious hall under massive crystal chandeliers to await his appearance. It was fall 2017, and all had come to Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, for a lavish investment conference that had unofficially been dubbed “Davos in the Desert” to give it the same ring of exclusivity and consequence as the annual meet-up of global powerbrokers in the Swiss Alps. This conference, however, had a different goal: to convince the assembled moneymen that the time was now to bet big on Saudi Arabia. Over the previous days, the kingdom had worked hard to convince its thousands of guests that any preconceptions they had about Saudi Arabia were not true, or were at least on their way to not being true.

The Cosmopolites: The Coming of the Global Citizen by Atossa Araxia Abrahamian

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, Albert Einstein, barriers to entry, bitcoin, blockchain, borderless world, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, colonial rule, corporate social responsibility, cryptocurrency, digital rights, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, high net worth, illegal immigration, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, offshore financial centre, open immigration, Patri Friedman, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, public intellectual, Satoshi Nakamoto, Skype, technoutopianism, Westphalian system, WikiLeaks