Evgeny Morozov

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Value of Everything: An Antidote to Chaos The by Mariana Mazzucato

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, bank run, banks create money, Basel III, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, bonus culture, Bretton Woods, business cycle, butterfly effect, buy and hold, Buy land – they’re not making it any more, capital controls, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon tax, Carmen Reinhart, carried interest, clean tech, Corn Laws, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, David Ricardo: comparative advantage, debt deflation, European colonialism, Evgeny Morozov, fear of failure, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, Financial Instability Hypothesis, financial intermediation, financial repression, full employment, G4S, George Akerlof, Glass-Steagall Act, Google Hangouts, Growth in a Time of Debt, high net worth, Hyman Minsky, income inequality, independent contractor, index fund, informal economy, interest rate derivative, Internet of things, invisible hand, John Bogle, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge economy, labour market flexibility, laissez-faire capitalism, light touch regulation, liquidity trap, London Interbank Offered Rate, low interest rates, margin call, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, means of production, military-industrial complex, Minsky moment, Money creation, money market fund, negative equity, Network effects, new economy, Northern Rock, obamacare, offshore financial centre, Pareto efficiency, patent troll, Paul Samuelson, peer-to-peer lending, Peter Thiel, Post-Keynesian economics, profit maximization, proprietary trading, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, QWERTY keyboard, rent control, rent-seeking, Robert Solow, Sand Hill Road, shareholder value, sharing economy, short selling, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, smart meter, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, software patent, Solyndra, stem cell, Steve Jobs, The Great Moderation, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, Tobin tax, too big to fail, trade route, transaction costs, two and twenty, two-sided market, very high income, Vilfredo Pareto, wealth creators, Works Progress Administration, you are the product, zero-sum game

Sandel, What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets (London and New York: Allen Lane and Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013). 66. Evgeny Morozov, ‘Don't believe the hype, the “sharing economy” masks a failing economy', the Guardian, 28 September 2014: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/sep/28/sharing-economy-internet-hype-benefits-overstated-evgeny-morozov; Evgeny Morozov, ‘Cheap cab ride? You must have missed Uber's true cost', the Guardian, 31 January 2016: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/31/cheap-cab- ride-uber-true-cost-google-wealth-taxation 67. Evgeny Morozov, ‘Where Uber and Amazon rule: welcome to the world of the platform', the Guardian, 7 June 2015: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jun/07/facebook-uber-amazon-platform-economy 68. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-28/in-video-uber-ceo-argues-with-driver-over-falling-fares 69. http://fortune.com/2016/10/20/uber-app-riders/ 70.

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The so-called ‘sharing economy' is based on the same idea. For all the hype about ‘sharing', it is less about altruism and more about allowing market exchange to reach into areas of our lives - our homes, our vehicles, even our private relationships - that were previously beyond its scope and to commodify them.65 As Evgeny Morozov has warned, it risks turning us all into ‘perpetual hustlers',66 with all of our lives up for sale, while at the same time undermining the basis for stable employment and a good standard of living. Standing on Platform Capitalism ‘Platform capitalism' is often referred to as the new way in which goods and services are produced, shared and delivered - more horizontally, with consumers interacting with each other, and less intermediation by old institutions (e.g. travel agents).

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Six firms (Facebook, Google, Yahoo, AOL, Twitter and Amazon) account for around 53 per cent of the digital advertising market (with just Google and Facebook making up 39 per cent).71 Such dominance implies that online giants can impose their conditions on users and customer firms. Many book publishers, for example, are unhappy with the conditions Amazon insists upon and are asking for better ones. But they have no leverage at all, because - as Evgeny Morozov puts it - ‘there is no second Amazon they can turn to'.72 The powerful network effects in the two-sided market have entrenched these companies' position. Companies like Google are de facto monopolies.73 But they are not recognized as such and have not attracted the kind of anti-trust legislation that large companies in more traditional industries - tobacco, autos, food - have done.

To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism by Evgeny Morozov

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, algorithmic bias, algorithmic trading, Amazon Mechanical Turk, An Inconvenient Truth, Andrew Keen, augmented reality, Automated Insights, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, citizen journalism, classic study, cloud computing, cognitive bias, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data acquisition, Dava Sobel, digital divide, disintermediation, Donald Shoup, driverless car, East Village, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Firefox, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, frictionless, future of journalism, game design, gamification, Gary Taubes, Google Glasses, Ian Bogost, illegal immigration, income inequality, invention of the printing press, Jane Jacobs, Jean Tirole, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, license plate recognition, lifelogging, lolcat, lone genius, Louis Pasteur, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, moral panic, Narrative Science, Nelson Mandela, Nicholas Carr, packet switching, PageRank, Parag Khanna, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, pets.com, placebo effect, pre–internet, public intellectual, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, Richard Thaler, Ronald Coase, Rosa Parks, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Slavoj Žižek, smart meter, social graph, social web, stakhanovite, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, surveillance capitalism, systems thinking, technoutopianism, TED Talk, the built environment, The Chicago School, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the medium is the message, The Nature of the Firm, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas Kuhn: the structure of scientific revolutions, Thomas L Friedman, transaction costs, Twitter Arab Spring, urban decay, urban planning, urban sprawl, Vannevar Bush, warehouse robotics, WikiLeaks, work culture , Yochai Benkler

(London and New York: Routledge, 2013). 4 smart carpets and smart bells that can detect when someone has fallen over: on carpets, see Douglas Heaven, “Smart Carpet Detects Falls and Strange Footsteps,” Newscientist.com, September 4, 2012, http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2012/09/smart-carpet-detects-falls-a.html; on bells, see Karin Slyker, “New Technology Could Detect a Fall Before It Happens,” Texas Tech Today, August 22, 2012, http://today.ttu.edu/2012/08/new-technology-could-detect-a-fall-before-it-happens. 4 a start-up with the charming name of BigBelly Solar: see Mike Wheatley, “Big Data Bins Hope to Revolutionize Waste Collection,” Silicon Angle, October 11, 2012, http://siliconangle.com/blog/2012/10/11/big-data-bins-hope-to-revolutionize-waste-collection. 4 city officials in Boston have been testing Street Bump: Rodrique Ngowi, “App Detects Potholes, Alerts Boston City Officials,” Associated Press, July 12, 2012, http://bigstory.ap.org/article/app-detects-potholes-alerts-boston-city-officials. 5 Google relies on GPS-enabled Android phones: for more, see Chris Crum, “Google Maps Gives Live Traffic Updates to a Lot More Cities,” WebProNews, August 7, 2012, http://www.webpronews.com/google-maps-gives-live-traffic-updates-to-a-lot-more-cities-2012–08. 5 “the will to improve”: Tania Murray Li, The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics (Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 2007). 6 “for the answer before the questions have been fully asked”: Michael Dobbins, Urban Design and People, 1st ed. (New York: Wiley, 2009), 182. 6 How problems are composed: on the notion of “composition,” see Bruno Latour, “An Attempt at a ‘Compositionist Manifesto,’” New Literary History 41, no. 3 (2010): 471–490. 6 a subject I address at length in The Net Delusion: Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2012), 308–311. 6 In his influential book The Rhetoric of Reaction: Albert O. Hirschman, The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1991). 8 “when the utopian writers deal with work”: Thomas Steven Molnar, Utopia: The Perennial Heresy (London: Tom Stacey Ltd., 1972), 230. 8 “Education is not the transmission of information or ideas”: Pamela Hieronymi, “Don’t Confuse Technology with College Teaching,” Chronicle of Higher Education, August 13, 2012, http://chronicle.com/article/Dont-Confuse-Technology-With/133551. 9 “educational equivalent of a highly trained professor”: Adam F.

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(Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1991), 52. 10 “A cook . . . is not a man who first has a vision of a pie”: Michael Oakeshott, “The Idea of a University,” Academic Questions 17, no. 1 (2004): 23. 10 “the book speaks only to those who know already”: Oakeshott, “Political Education.” 11 what’s going on in our kitchens: this section draws considerably on an earlier article of mine: Evgeny Morozov, “Stay Out of My Kitchen, Robots,” Slate, August 27, 2012, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2012/08/why_you_don_t_want_a_robot_in_your_kitchen.html. 11 British magazine New Scientist recently covered: Jacob Aron, “Smart Kitchens Keep Novice Chefs on Track,” New Scientist 215, no. 2877 (August 11, 2012): 17, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21528774.900-augmented-reality-kitchens-keep-novice-chefs-on-track.html. 11 “For example, if the system detects sugar pouring into a bowl”: ibid. 14 “life, the universe and everything”: reference to Douglas Adams, Life, the Universe and Everything (Los Angeles, CA: Del Rey, 1995). 14 In the afterword to my first book, The Net Delusion: Morozov, The Net Delusion, 337. 14 French philosopher Bruno Latour: Bruno Latour, The Pasteurization of France (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), 15. 15 What Would Google Do?

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., 43. 27 Kickstarter’s most famous failed alumnus is Diaspora: see Jenna Wortham, “Success of Crowdfunding Puts Pressure on Entrepreneurs,” New York Times, September 17, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/technology/success-of-crowdfunding-puts-pressure-on-entrepreneurs.html. 28 Inge Ejbye Sørensen has studied how crowdfunding: see Inge Ejbye Sørensen, “Crowd-sourcing and Outsourcing: The Impact of Online Funding and Distribution on the Documentary Film Industry in the UK,” Media, Culture & Society 34 no. 6 (September 2012): 726–743; I’ve written about Sørensen’s research in my Slate column, from which the following few paragraphs are drawn: see Evgeny Morozov, “Kickstarter Will Not Save Artists from the Entertainment Industry’s Shackles,” Slate, September 25, 2012http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2012/09/kickstarter_s_crowdfunding_won_t_save_indie_filmmaking_.single.html . 29 What Would Google Do?: Jeff Jarvis, What Would Google Do?

Terms of Service: Social Media and the Price of Constant Connection by Jacob Silverman

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, Airbnb, airport security, Amazon Mechanical Turk, augmented reality, basic income, Big Tech, Brian Krebs, California gold rush, Californian Ideology, call centre, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, commoditize, company town, context collapse, correlation does not imply causation, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, data science, deep learning, digital capitalism, disinformation, don't be evil, driverless car, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, fake it until you make it, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, Firefox, Flash crash, game design, global village, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, Higgs boson, hive mind, Ian Bogost, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, information retrieval, Internet of things, Jacob Silverman, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, late capitalism, Laura Poitras, license plate recognition, life extension, lifelogging, lock screen, Lyft, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, Mars Rover, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, meta-analysis, Minecraft, move fast and break things, national security letter, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, optical character recognition, payday loans, Peter Thiel, planned obsolescence, postindustrial economy, prediction markets, pre–internet, price discrimination, price stability, profit motive, quantitative hedge fund, race to the bottom, Ray Kurzweil, real-name policy, recommendation engine, rent control, rent stabilization, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Salesforce, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Snapchat, social bookmarking, social graph, social intelligence, social web, sorting algorithm, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, systems thinking, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, telemarketer, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Turing test, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, universal basic income, unpaid internship, women in the workforce, Y Combinator, yottabyte, you are the product, Zipcar

The industry’s triumphant individualism has been augmented by the introduction of Ayn Rand as Silicon Valley’s de facto house philosopher; her atavistic arguments for the virtues of selfishness and unfettered enterprise have found supporters from Wikipedia’s Jimmy Wales to Oracle’s Larry Ellison. Unabashed cyber-libertarianism, combined with an avaricious and wholly unconflicted brand of consumerism, permeates America’s digital elite. Evgeny Morozov, a fierce critic of the industry, highlighted two important strains of belief in his recent books: the congenital utopianism of Silicon Valley moguls and their attendant faith in technological solutionism. Political strife, social injustice, economy inequality, the thorny challenges of human behavior and even the randomness of life—all might fall away when presented with a sophisticated technological fix.

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Is this really what matters, or is it just what matters to the Twitter audience?” There’s nothing inherently good, worthwhile, or organic about a supposed trend. One study found that “most trends in Sina Weibo [a Chinese micro-blogging service] are due to the continuous retweets of a small percentage of fraudulent accounts.” As Evgeny Morozov writes, “The hidden initial manipulations of the PR industry are only made worse by the business incentives of platforms such as YouTube and Facebook, which have their own reasons to promote memes: they create some shared culture and, more important, lead to more page views, more user interaction (i.e., users reveal more about their interests to the company), and, eventually, more and better advertising.

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One start-up executive told the New York Times, “We feel like all data is credit data, we just don’t know how to use it yet.” In this executive’s world, “More data is always better,” helping customers and clients alike, with no thought toward possible conflicts of interest or privacy violations. As Evgeny Morozov warned, “Given how much they know about their clients, these companies can perfect the art of hidden persuasion and manipulation in ways that Madison Avenue could never even dream of.” One arm of a company can glean as much as it can about you—when you get paid, how much, where you live, how big your family is, when you’re most likely to buy something online—while the other can push products at you, whether a high-interest loan or a new computer to replace your six-year-old clunker.

The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age by Astra Taylor

"World Economic Forum" Davos, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, Alan Greenspan, American Legislative Exchange Council, Andrew Keen, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, big-box store, Brewster Kahle, business logic, Californian Ideology, citizen journalism, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, Community Supported Agriculture, conceptual framework, content marketing, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, cross-subsidies, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, digital capitalism, digital divide, digital Maoism, disinformation, disintermediation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, future of journalism, Gabriella Coleman, gentrification, George Gilder, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, hive mind, income inequality, informal economy, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Laura Poitras, lolcat, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, Metcalfe’s law, Naomi Klein, Narrative Science, Network effects, new economy, New Journalism, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, oil rush, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, planned obsolescence, plutocrats, post-work, power law, pre–internet, profit motive, recommendation engine, Richard Florida, Richard Stallman, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, slashdot, Slavoj Žižek, Snapchat, social graph, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, the long tail, trade route, Tragedy of the Commons, vertical integration, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, Works Progress Administration, Yochai Benkler, young professional

For example, both Clay Shirky (in Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age [New York: Penguin Press, 2010]) and Lawrence Lessig (in Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy [New York: Penguin Press, 2008]) take time to dispute the digital sharecropping argument. 15. Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 238 and 247. 16. For a good discussion of this history, see Evgeny Morozov’s profile of Tim O’Reilly, supporter of the open source movement and founder of O’Reilly Media. Evgeny Morozov, “The Meme Hustler,” Baffler, no. 22 (2013). 17. Openness is the “key to success,” says Jeff Jarvis in What Would Google Do? (New York: HarperBusiness, 2009), 4. 18. Rob Horning, “Social Graph vs. Social Class,” New Inquiry, March 23, 2012. 19.

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We need strategies and policies for an age of abundance, not scarcity, and to invent new ways of sustaining and managing the Internet to put people before profit. Only then will a revolution worth cheering be upon us. NOTES PREFACE 1. Tough questions include asking what we mean by “the Internet.” Are we referring to physical infrastructure, software, particular sites, content, or functions, or an amalgamation of these things? Evgeny Morozov has raised important issues about whether the phrase “the Internet” obscures more than it reveals, implying a unified, fixed, and permanent entity when we should instead be talking about the specificities of a range of interconnected technologies and capabilities. I’m sympathetic to his argument, but worry that Morozov’s insistence on adding scare quotes ultimately reinforces the Internet-centrism he aims to critique, for “the Internet” is far from the only complex, socially constructed, and contradictory concept that deserves nuanced treatment.

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Since I began working on this book, a number of interesting books critical of techno-utopianism were published, including but not limited to Douglas Rushkoff’s (New York: Or Books, 2011); Nicholas Carr’s The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010); Jaron Lanier’s You Are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto (New York: Knopf, 2010) and Who Owns the Future? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013); Kate Losse’s The Boy Kings: A Journey into the Heart of the Social Network (New York: Free Press, 2012); Evgeny Morozov’s The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011) and To Save Everything Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013); Eli Pariser’s The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You (New York: Penguin Press, 2011); Robert McChesney’s Digital Disconnect: How Capitalism Is Turning the Internet Against Democracy (New York: The New Press, 2013); and Siva Vaidhyanathan’s The Googlization of Everything: (And Why We Should Worry) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011). 3.

Survival of the Richest: Escape Fantasies of the Tech Billionaires by Douglas Rushkoff

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Andrew Keen, AOL-Time Warner, artificial general intelligence, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, basic income, behavioural economics, Big Tech, biodiversity loss, Biosphere 2, bitcoin, blockchain, Boston Dynamics, Burning Man, buy low sell high, Californian Ideology, carbon credits, carbon footprint, circular economy, clean water, cognitive dissonance, Colonization of Mars, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, Credit Default Swap, CRISPR, data science, David Graeber, DeepMind, degrowth, Demis Hassabis, deplatforming, digital capitalism, digital map, disinformation, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, energy transition, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, European colonialism, Evgeny Morozov, Extinction Rebellion, Fairphone, fake news, Filter Bubble, game design, gamification, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global pandemic, Google bus, green new deal, Greta Thunberg, Haight Ashbury, hockey-stick growth, Howard Rheingold, if you build it, they will come, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, Jeffrey Epstein, job automation, John Nash: game theory, John Perry Barlow, Joseph Schumpeter, Just-in-time delivery, liberal capitalism, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, megaproject, meme stock, mental accounting, Michael Milken, microplastics / micro fibres, military-industrial complex, Minecraft, mirror neurons, move fast and break things, Naomi Klein, New Urbanism, Norbert Wiener, Oculus Rift, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), operational security, Patri Friedman, pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, Plato's cave, Ponzi scheme, profit motive, QAnon, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Sam Altman, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, SimCity, Singularitarianism, Skinner box, Snapchat, sovereign wealth fund, Stephen Hawking, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, surveillance capitalism, tech billionaire, tech bro, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, Ted Nelson, TED Talk, the medium is the message, theory of mind, TikTok, Torches of Freedom, Tragedy of the Commons, universal basic income, urban renewal, warehouse robotics, We are as Gods, WeWork, Whole Earth Catalog, work culture , working poor

Skinner, Science and Human Behavior (New York: Macmillan, 1953). 103   “a servosystem coupled” : Fred Turner, The Democratic Surround: Multimedia and American Liberalism from World War II to the Psychedelic Sixties (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013), 123. 103   “How would we rig” : Gregory Bateson, quoted in Mark Stahlman, “The Inner Senses and Human Engineering,” Dianoetikon 1 (2020): 1–26. 104   didn’t come off as nefarious : For the rich history of Bateson and Mead’s efforts in this regard, see Fred Turner’s terrific The Democratic Surround . 104   Data scientists : Jill Lepore, If Then: How the Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future (New York: Liveright, 2020). 106   “the purpose of Behavior Design” : Stanford University, “Welcome | Behavior Design Lab,” https:// captology .stanford .edu /, accessed June 18, 2018. 106   Chatbots engage : “Smartphone App to Change Your Personality,” Das Fachportal für Biotechnologie , Pharma und Life Sciences , February 15, 2021, https:// www .bionity .com /en /news /1169863 /smartphone -app -to -change -your -personality .html. 107   Amazon incentivizes productivity : Nick Statt, “Amazon Expands Gamification Program That Encourages Warehouse Employees to Work Harder,” Verge , March 15, 2021, https:// www .theverge .com /2021 /3 /15 /22331502 /amazon -warehouse -gamification -program -expand -fc -games. 107   promote environmentally friendly behavior : Markus Brauer and Benjamin D. Douglas, “Gamification to Prevent Climate Change: A Review of Games and Apps for Sustainability,” Current Opinion in Psychology 41 (December 1, 2021): 89–94, https:// doi .org /10 .31219 /osf .io /3c9zj. 107   Evgeny Morozov points out : Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013). 107   Hook Model : Nir Eyal, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products (New York: Portfolio, 2014). 108   Red flags abound : Andrea Valdez, “This Big Facebook Critic Fears Tech’s Business Model,” Wired , March 10, 2019, https:// www .wired .com /story /this -big -facebook -critic -fears -techs -business -model /. 108   “as big an existential threat” : The Social Dilemma, directed by Jeff Orlowski (Exposure Labs, The Space Program, Agent Pictures, 2020). 109   “They’re willing to see” : Douglas Rushkoff, interview with Naomi Klein, Team Human podcast, August 4, 2021, https:// www .teamhuman .fm /episodes /naomi -klein.

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Amazon incentivizes productivity with a game called MissionRacer, in which warehouse employees advance their virtual cars around a track by sorting and packing boxes properly. Many organizations are looking at using gamification to promote environmentally friendly behavior , but—as tech critic Evgeny Morozov points out —such efforts get people to engage in behaviors with no understanding of why or how they matter. Even many of those who have dedicated themselves to lessening the negative impact of manipulative technologies on people and our society propose solutions that are entirely informed by The Mindset.

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While they may be crying all the way to the bank, these millionaire turncoats do a good job of explaining how their platforms surveilled users and then leveraged the information they collected to turn people into more extreme versions of themselves. Of course, most of them were making arguments lifted from the works of people like Sherry Turkle, Cliff Nass, Howard Rheingold, Andrew Keen, Evgeny Morozov, Astra Taylor, Richard Barbrook, Jerry Mander, Cory Doctorow, Marina Gorbis, dana boyd, Nick Carr, Mark Bauerlain, and even Raffi. Tech critics have been writing about the impact of social media manipulation on our psyche and society for decades. It’s great that the developers responsible for these misdeeds are finally agreeing with these assessments, even if they need to feel as if they’ve discovered the downsides all by themselves—like brand-new intellectual property.

Black Code: Inside the Battle for Cyberspace by Ronald J. Deibert

4chan, air gap, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Brian Krebs, call centre, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, connected car, corporate social responsibility, crowdsourcing, cuban missile crisis, data acquisition, digital divide, disinformation, end-to-end encryption, escalation ladder, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Firefox, Gabriella Coleman, global supply chain, global village, Google Hangouts, Hacker Ethic, Herman Kahn, informal economy, information security, invention of writing, Iridium satellite, jimmy wales, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Kibera, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, Lewis Mumford, low earth orbit, Marshall McLuhan, military-industrial complex, MITM: man-in-the-middle, mobile money, mutually assured destruction, Naomi Klein, new economy, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, planetary scale, rent-seeking, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart grid, South China Sea, Steven Levy, Streisand effect, Stuxnet, Ted Kaczynski, the medium is the message, Turing test, Twitter Arab Spring, undersea cable, unit 8200, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler, zero day

Rumours quickly spread of tanks approaching the outskirts of the city. Were the DDOS attacks orchestrated by the Russian military, undertaken by sympathizers to the Russian cause, or some combination of the two? No one would or could tell. To illustrate how easy it is for anyone to participate in such attacks, journalist Evgeny Morozov, writing for Slate magazine, downloaded instructions for one of the DDOS tools advertised on Russian forums and, in less than an hour, was a participant in the attacks on Georgian government websites himself. After the war ground to a halt, Citizen Lab researchers were able to register the domains of the botnets responsible for the DDOS attacks, which the owners had let expire.

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Oxblood and others were forming a politically charged subgroup of cDc called Hacktivismo, and we had discussions about the limits of acceptable political action online and the philosophy that would underpin Hacktivismo and the Citizen Lab. We agreed that DDOS attacks were unjustifiable except in extreme circumstances and that they were contrary to human rights because they infringe upon free speech. We still share that view.) Some have tried to downplay DDOS attacks, even legitimize them. The Internet pundit Evgeny Morozov, for instance, has likened them to picket lines and sit-ins, the electronic equivalent of civil disobedience. But even Morozov recognizes the analogy only goes so far. Picket lines, sit-ins, and civil disobedience, as traditionally understood, all entail accepting the possibility (even the probability) of considerable personal consequences in the name of some higher moral good.

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See also Nart Villeneuve, “Fake Skype Encryption Software Cloaks DarkComet Trojan,” Trend Micro Blog, April 20, 2012, http​://bl​og.trend​micro.c​om/​fake-sk​ype-enc​rypti​on-sof​twar​e-cloak​s-darkc​omet-tro​jan/. 6 a new model of “active defence”: The phenomenon of autocratic regimes successfully wielding information technologies for their own advantage is discussed in Ronald Deibert and Rafal Rohozinski, “Liberation vs. Control: The Future of Cyberspace,” Journal of Democracy 24, no.1 (2010): 43–57. See also Larry Diamond, “Liberation Technology,” Journal of Democracy 21, no. 3 (2010): 69–83; and Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011). 7 during parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan: The OpenNet Initiative documented the failure and hacking of Kyrgyz websites during the 2005 parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan in “Special Report: Kyrgyzstan Election Monitoring in Kyrgyzstan,” OpenNet Initiative, February 2005, http://opennet.net/special/kg/ 8 2006 Belarus presidential elections: The OpenNet Initiative documented the attacks on opposition websites and Internet failure during the 2006 presidential elections in Belarus in “The Internet and Elections: The 2006 Presidential Elections in Belarus (and Its Implications),” OpenNet Initiative, April 2006, http​://​open​net.​net/​sit​es/op​enne​t.ne​t/fil​es/ON​I_B​elar​us​_​Coun​try​_S​tud​y.p​df 9 As Russian tanks stormed the territory: The use of information controls during the 2008 Russia–Georgia war is discussed in Masashi Crete-Nishihata, Ronald J.

The Best Business Writing 2013 by Dean Starkman

Alvin Toffler, Asperger Syndrome, bank run, Basel III, Bear Stearns, call centre, carbon tax, clean water, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, Columbine, computer vision, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crowdsourcing, Erik Brynjolfsson, eurozone crisis, Evgeny Morozov, Exxon Valdez, Eyjafjallajökull, factory automation, fixed income, fulfillment center, full employment, Future Shock, gamification, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, hiring and firing, hydraulic fracturing, Ida Tarbell, income inequality, jimmy wales, job automation, John Markoff, junk bonds, Kickstarter, late fees, London Whale, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Mahatma Gandhi, market clearing, Maui Hawaii, Menlo Park, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), Parag Khanna, Pareto efficiency, price stability, proprietary trading, Ray Kurzweil, San Francisco homelessness, Silicon Valley, Skype, sovereign wealth fund, stakhanovite, Stanford prison experiment, Steve Jobs, Stuxnet, synthetic biology, tail risk, technological determinism, the payments system, too big to fail, Vanguard fund, wage slave, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics, Y2K, zero-sum game

Inequality may be more stable in technologically advanced countries, where inexpensive goods substitute for the human capital that every third-world slum dweller acquires, the capacity and confidence to improvise and get by with next to nothing. Evgeny Morozov 16. The Naked and the TED The New Republic No one has mastered the art of the long takedown review quite like Evgeny Morozov. In taking on some new e-books published by the increasingly ubiquitous TED conference brand (Hybrid Reality: Thriving in the Emerging Human-Technology Civilization, by Parag Khanna and Ayesha Khanna; The Demise of Guys: Why Boys Are Struggling and What We Can Do About It, by Philip Zimbardo and Nikita Duncan; and Smile: The Astonishing Powers of a Simple Act, by Ron Gutman), Morozov argues that many of the shiny and exciting and easily digestible ideas propagated by TED are actually very dangerous.

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Reprinted with permission. “Trade-offs Between Inequality, Productivity, and Employment,” by Steve Randy Waldman. First published by Interfluidity, July 31, 2012. © 2012 by Steve Randy Waldman. Reprinted by permission of the author. “The Naked and the TED,” by Evgeny Morozov. First published in The New Republic, August 2, 2012. © 2012 by Evgeny Morozov. Reprinted by permission of the author. “Wall Street Bonus Withdrawal Means Trading Aspen for Coupons” by Max Abelson, from Bloomberg News, February 29, 2012. © Bloomberg News. Reprinted by permission. “The Tale of a Whale of a Fail” by Matt Levine, published by Dealbreaker.com on May 11, 2012. © 2012 Breaking Media, Inc.

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Why India’s Newspaper Industry Is Thriving Ken Auletta The New Yorker 14. The Frequent Fliers Who Flew Too Much Ken Bensinger Los Angeles Times Part VI. Big Think 15. Trade-offs Between Inequality, Productivity, and Employment Steve Randy Waldman Interfluidity 16. The Naked and the TED Evgeny Morozov The New Republic Part VII. Adventures in Finance 17. Wall Street Bonus Withdrawal Means Trading Aspen for Coupons Max Abelson Bloomberg 18. The Tale of a Whale of a Fail Matt Levine Dealbreaker 19. Case Against Bear and JPMorgan Provides Little Cheer Bethany McLean Reuters 20. How ECB Chief Outflanked German Foe in Fight for Euro Brian Blackstone and Marcus Walker Wall Street Journal 21.

Digital Disconnect: How Capitalism Is Turning the Internet Against Democracy by Robert W. McChesney

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, access to a mobile phone, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, American Legislative Exchange Council, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, AOL-Time Warner, Automated Insights, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, business cycle, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, classic study, cloud computing, collaborative consumption, collective bargaining, company town, creative destruction, crony capitalism, David Brooks, death of newspapers, declining real wages, digital capitalism, digital divide, disinformation, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, Dr. Strangelove, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, fake news, Filter Bubble, fulfillment center, full employment, future of journalism, George Gilder, Gini coefficient, Google Earth, income inequality, informal economy, intangible asset, invention of agriculture, invisible hand, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Perry Barlow, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, Metcalfe’s law, military-industrial complex, mutually assured destruction, national security letter, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, new economy, New Journalism, Nicholas Carr, Occupy movement, ocean acidification, offshore financial centre, patent troll, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, post scarcity, Post-Keynesian economics, power law, price mechanism, profit maximization, profit motive, public intellectual, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Nader, Richard Stallman, road to serfdom, Robert Metcalfe, Saturday Night Live, sentiment analysis, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, single-payer health, Skype, spectrum auction, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, Telecommunications Act of 1996, the long tail, the medium is the message, The Spirit Level, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, transfer pricing, Upton Sinclair, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, yellow journalism, Yochai Benkler

They include: Heather Brooke, Paul Buhle, Pedro Caban, Sundiata Cha-Jua, Vivek Chibber, Matt Crain, James Curran, Ryan Ellis, Natalie Fenton, Tom Ferguson, Des Freedman, James K. Galbraith, Peter Hart, Matthew Hindman, Amy Holland, Hannah Holleman, Janine Jackson, Paul Krugman, Rebecca MacKinnon, Fred Magdoff, John Mage, Greg Mitchell, Evgeny Morozov, John Naughton, Eric Newton, Molly Niesen, Rich Potter, Einar Scalloppsen, Travers Scott, Norman Stockwell, and Kristina Williams. This book is for Lucy and Amy, and Inger, always and forever. And it is for young people everywhere, especially in my beloved America. If there is any conclusion to be drawn from what follows, any takeaway from the digital revolution, it is the heightened importance—indeed the necessity—of the famous slogan from May 1968: Be realistic, demand the impossible!

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The biggest breakthroughs are sometimes the ones we least expect.”33 Lanier extends the argument to all creativity on the Internet and observes that the most discernible effect of the Internet on artists has been to make it ever more difficult for them to support themselves, with dire consequences for art and culture. “Creative people—the new peasants—come to resemble animals converging on shrinking oases of old media in a depleted desert.”34 Rebecca MacKinnon in her 2012 Consent of the Networked and Evgeny Morozov in his 2011 The Net Delusion each reject the idea that the Internet will necessarily lead to democratic political revolutions worldwide. They point out that the bad guys—who are in power—have the ability and resources to regulate, manipulate, and use digital communication just as much as, if not more than, those out of power.

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André Schiffrin, founder of The New Press, suggests that the option of public ownership is a debate we should be having about Google.82 The World Wide Web has thrived in the public domain; why not Internet search? Yet corporate political power has basically eliminated the threat of public ownership, as well as credible regulation in the public interest. “All too often policymakers thinking to regulate Google have preferred to treat it as an equal of Human Rights Watch rather than of Halliburton,” Evgeny Morozov writes, adding that “if we are serious about making the Internet deliver on its democratic potential, we will need to reconsider this attitude.”83 The regulation that remains, antitrust or otherwise, is done as much to guarantee the existence of profitable firms and industries as it is to protect public interest values threatened by commercial monopolies.

The End of Absence: Reclaiming What We've Lost in a World of Constant Connection by Michael Harris

4chan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic management, AltaVista, Andrew Keen, augmented reality, Burning Man, Carrington event, cognitive dissonance, crowdsourcing, dematerialisation, disinformation, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, Filter Bubble, Firefox, Google Glasses, informal economy, information retrieval, invention of movable type, invention of the printing press, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, Kevin Kelly, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, Loebner Prize, low earth orbit, Marshall McLuhan, McMansion, moral panic, Nicholas Carr, off-the-grid, pattern recognition, Plato's cave, pre–internet, Republic of Letters, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, social web, Steve Jobs, technological solutionism, TED Talk, the medium is the message, The Wisdom of Crowds, traumatic brain injury, Turing test

Holt, Grace Chee, and Esther Ng, “Exploring the Consequences of Bullying Victimization in a Sample of Singapore Youth,” International Criminal Justice Review 23, no. 1 (2013): 5–24. 22 percent of students: Ibid. “every possible social and political problem”: Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011), 312. “regardless of what you are looking at”: Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013), 357. “We bend to the inanimate”: Sherry Turkle, Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other (New York: Basic Books, 2012), xii.

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The repercussions of this alienation can be trivial—I’ve heard from many young girls worried about whether some schoolmate has “friended” them or “followed” them—but they can also be deeply, irrevocably tragic. Perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised when digital natives look for comfort in the very media that torments them. What else would they know to do? As Evgeny Morozov points out in The Net Delusion, if the only hammer you are given is the Internet, “it’s not surprising that every possible social and political problem is presented as an online nail.” Morozov expanded on that analogy in his more recent To Save Everything, Click Here, where he wrote: “It’s a very powerful set of hammers, and plenty of people—many of them in Silicon Valley—are dying to hear you cry, ‘Nail!’

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Americans spent 520 billion: “State of the Media: The Social Media Report 2012,” Nielsen Company, accessed January 7, 2014, http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/corporate/us/en/reports-downloads/2012-Reports/The-Social-Media-Report-2012.pdf. “A car or a plane enabled you”: Susan Greenfield, “Are We Becoming Cyborgs?,” New York Times, November 30, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/30/opinion/global/maria-popova-evgeny-morozov-susan-greenfield-are-we-becoming-cyborgs.html?_r=0. “the great handwriting of the human race”: Victor Hugo, Notre-Dame de Paris (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1888), 194. “Not till we are lost”: Henry David Thoreau, Walden (New York: Everyman’s Library, 1992), 153. According to research by Nielsen: “New Mobile Obsession U.S.

The Glass Cage: Automation and Us by Nicholas Carr

Airbnb, Airbus A320, Andy Kessler, Atul Gawande, autonomous vehicles, Bernard Ziegler, business process, call centre, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, Charles Lindbergh, Checklist Manifesto, cloud computing, cognitive load, computerized trading, David Brooks, deep learning, deliberate practice, deskilling, digital map, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, drone strike, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Flash crash, Frank Gehry, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane: The New Division of Labor, Frederick Winslow Taylor, future of work, gamification, global supply chain, Google Glasses, Google Hangouts, High speed trading, human-factors engineering, indoor plumbing, industrial robot, Internet of things, Ivan Sutherland, Jacquard loom, James Watt: steam engine, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Kevin Kelly, knowledge worker, low interest rates, Lyft, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, natural language processing, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Norbert Wiener, Oculus Rift, pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, place-making, plutocrats, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, randomized controlled trial, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, robot derives from the Czech word robota Czech, meaning slave, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, software is eating the world, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, systems thinking, tacit knowledge, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, turn-by-turn navigation, Tyler Cowen, US Airways Flight 1549, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, William Langewiesche

It douses the infectious messiness of a city with an algorithmic antiseptic. What is arguably the most important way of looking at a city, as a public space shared not just with your pals but with an enormously varied group of strangers, gets lost. “Google’s urbanism,” comments the technology critic Evgeny Morozov, “is that of someone who is trying to get to a shopping mall in their self-driving car. It’s profoundly utilitarian, even selfish in character, with little to no concern for how public space is experienced. In Google’s world, public space is just something that stands between your house and the well-reviewed restaurant that you are dying to get to.”34 Expedience trumps all.

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It would be “as if a shuttle should weave itself, and a plectrum should do its own harp-playing.”27 The conception of tools as slaves has colored our thinking ever since. It informs society’s recurring dream of emancipation from toil, the one that was voiced by Marx and Wilde and Keynes and that continues to find expression in the works of technophiles and technophobes alike. “Wilde was right,” Evgeny Morozov, the technology critic, wrote in his 2013 book To Save Everything, Click Here: “mechanical slavery is the enabler of human liberation.”28 We’ll all soon have “personal workbots” at our “beck and call,” Kevin Kelly, the technology enthusiast, proclaimed in a Wired essay that same year. “They will do jobs we have been doing, and do them much better than we can.”

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id=intel-helps-hawking-communicate. 31.Nick Bilton, “Disruptions: Next Step for Technology Is Becoming the Background,” New York Times, July 1, 2012, bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/google’s-project-glass-lets-technology-slip-into-the-background/. 32.Bruno Latour, “Morality and Technology: The End of the Means,” Theory, Culture and Society 19 (2002): 247–260. The emphasis is Latour’s. 33.Bernhard Seefeld, “Meet the New Google Maps: A Map for Every Person and Place,” Google Lat Long (blog), May 15, 2013, google-latlong.blogspot.com/2013/05/meet-new-google-maps-map-for-every.html. 34.Evgeny Morozov, “My Map or Yours?,” Slate, May 28, 2013, slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2013/05/google_maps_personalization_will_hurt_public_space_and_engagement.html. 35.Kirkpatrick, Facebook Effect, 199. 36.Sebastian Thrun, “Google’s Driverless Car,” speech at TED2011, March 2011, ted.com/talks/sebastian_thrun_google_s_driverless_car.html. 37.National Safety Council, “Annual Estimate of Cell Phone Crashes 2012,” white paper, 2014. 38.See Sigfried Giedion, Mechanization Takes Command (New York: Oxford University Press, 1948), 628–712. 39.Langdon Winner, Autonomous Technology: Technics-out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1977), 285.

Barefoot Into Cyberspace: Adventures in Search of Techno-Utopia by Becky Hogge, Damien Morris, Christopher Scally

"World Economic Forum" Davos, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, Buckminster Fuller, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, cloud computing, corporate social responsibility, disintermediation, DIY culture, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, game design, Hacker Conference 1984, Hacker Ethic, Hans Moravec, informal economy, information asymmetry, Jacob Appelbaum, jimmy wales, John Gilmore, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, mass immigration, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, MITM: man-in-the-middle, moral panic, Mother of all demos, Naomi Klein, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, New Journalism, Norbert Wiener, off-the-grid, peer-to-peer, Richard Stallman, Silicon Valley, Skype, Socratic dialogue, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, technoutopianism, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Hackers Conference, Vannevar Bush, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, WikiLeaks

The only answer is to be wholly oppositional, where we sort of say, ‘we’re going to critique but we can’t talk to you about what you could do better because if we talk to you then we’re part of your agenda’. I just… I can’t do that.” * * * It gets messy quite quickly, but not in the way Sami expected. In September, triggered by a post by Evgeny Morozov on Foreign Policy magazine’s Net Effect blog, question marks begin to appear around a surveillance circumvention tool called Haystack being developed with the blessing of the US State Department. Is it really doing what it says it does? As its name suggests, Haystack deals in steganography – it purports to give users in repressive regimes the ability to mask their online behaviour, by encrypting their web traffic so it can’t be intercepted, then hiding it like a needle in a haystack of made-up, unencrypted junk traffic to make sure no-one notices the encryption.

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In fact, Haystack wasn’t like any previous censorship and surveillance circumvention tool in lots of ways, including the fact it had a frontman who, although unwilling to share his code with anyone, was very willing to talk to the international press about why it was so great. That man was the charismatic Austin Heap, a good-looking 25-year-old San Francisco marketing graduate described as a “computer savant” in one of the many beatifying profiles that followed the launch of Haystack into the public consciousness. In the six months before Evgeny Morozov sounded the alarm, Austin happily posed for the camera bound and gagged by network cables, bragging about the many appointments with State Department officials crowding out his schedule, and accepting the awed curiosity of journalists with mock humility. If you were paying any attention to this sort of thing, you probably saw Heap yourself in a lifestyle magazine, blog or tech supplement during this period.

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Danny O’Brien, a prominent digital rights campaigner who was in the room while Jake Appelbaum put Haystack through its paces, captured his reaction to the news that the software was a fraud: Coders and architects need to realize (as most do) that you simply can’t build a safe, secure, reliable system without consulting with other people in the field, especially when your real adversary is a powerful and resourceful state-sized actor, and this is your first major project. Evgeny Morozov was less kind. As well as calling out the State Department and the media for letting Haystack overhype itself for so long, he mused that the Haystack scenario revealed “the timidity of the current debate in the field”. He named Ethan and several of his colleagues at Berkman, berating them for avoiding confrontation with the State Department.

Future Politics: Living Together in a World Transformed by Tech by Jamie Susskind

3D printing, additive manufacturing, affirmative action, agricultural Revolution, Airbnb, airport security, algorithmic bias, AlphaGo, Amazon Robotics, Andrew Keen, Apollo Guidance Computer, artificial general intelligence, augmented reality, automated trading system, autonomous vehicles, basic income, Bertrand Russell: In Praise of Idleness, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bletchley Park, blockchain, Boeing 747, brain emulation, Brexit referendum, British Empire, business process, Cambridge Analytica, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, cashless society, Cass Sunstein, cellular automata, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, commons-based peer production, computer age, computer vision, continuation of politics by other means, correlation does not imply causation, CRISPR, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, digital divide, digital map, disinformation, distributed ledger, Donald Trump, driverless car, easy for humans, difficult for computers, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, end-to-end encryption, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Filter Bubble, future of work, Future Shock, Gabriella Coleman, Google bus, Google X / Alphabet X, Googley, industrial robot, informal economy, intangible asset, Internet of things, invention of the printing press, invention of writing, Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, John Markoff, Joseph Schumpeter, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, Large Hadron Collider, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, machine translation, Metcalfe’s law, mittelstand, more computing power than Apollo, move fast and break things, natural language processing, Neil Armstrong, Network effects, new economy, Nick Bostrom, night-watchman state, Oculus Rift, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, pattern recognition, payday loans, Philippa Foot, post-truth, power law, price discrimination, price mechanism, RAND corporation, ransomware, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, road to serfdom, Robert Mercer, Satoshi Nakamoto, Second Machine Age, selection bias, self-driving car, sexual politics, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, smart cities, Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia, smart contracts, Snapchat, speech recognition, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, tech bro, technological determinism, technological singularity, technological solutionism, the built environment, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas L Friedman, Tragedy of the Commons, trolley problem, universal basic income, urban planning, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, work culture , working-age population, Yochai Benkler

Mayr, Authority, 112. 25. Mayr, Authority, 119. 26. Mayr, Authority, 121. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 30/05/18, SPi РЕЛИЗ ПОДГОТОВИЛА ГРУППА "What's News" VK.COM/WSNWS Notes 369 27. E. M. Forster, The Machine Stops (London: Penguin, 2011). 28. Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: How Not to Liberate the World (London: Penguin, 2011), xiii. 29. Ibid. 30. Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here:Technology, Solutionism, and the Urge to Fix Problems That Don’t Exist (London: Penguin, 2014), 5. 31. See generally Andrew J. Beniger, Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1986). 32.

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Even before the digital age, the prospect of allpowerful computing machines inspired a great deal of art and fiction. In The Machine Stops (1928) E. M. Forster portrayed a world in which humans were subordinated to The Machine, a global technological system that monitored and controlled every aspect of human existence.27 Some writers have tried to pin down what they see as the ideology of our own time. Evgeny Morozov, for instance, has written of the ‘Google Doctrine’ (‘the enthusiastic belief in the liberating power of technology accompanied by the irresistible urge to enlist Silicon Valley start-ups in the global fight for freedom’);28 ‘cyber-utopianism’ (‘a naive belief in the emancipatory nature of online communication that rests on a stubborn refusal to acknowledge its downside’);29 and ‘solutionism’ (‘Recasting all complex social situations either as neatly defined problems with definite, computable solutions or as transparent and self-evident processes that can be easily optimized—if only the right algorithms are in place’).30 My own view is that the technologies in question are too young for us to know what lasting imprint they will leave on our political thought.

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If, by contrast, what’s shared is itself capital or productive technology then the sharing economy might just help to counteract the Wealth Cyclone. The Data Deal There are many things we could do with data. Data use could be subject to a tax. It could be held in a shared commons, free for general use or subject to constraints. It could be purchased and held by the state. It could be rented, ‘shared’, or loaned for charitable purposes. Evgeny Morozov suggests that it could accrue to a ‘national data fund, co-owned by all citizens’ with commercial access subject to heavy competition and regulation.75 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 26/05/18, SPi РЕЛИЗ ПОДГОТОВИЛА ГРУППА "What's News" VK.COM/WSNWS The Wealth Cyclone 337 Personal data—data about people—presents a special case because it seems to have its own logic of accumulation.

Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest by Zeynep Tufekci

"Hurricane Katrina" Superdome, 4chan, active measures, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, algorithmic bias, AltaVista, Alvin Toffler, Andy Carvin, anti-communist, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, bread and circuses, British Empire, citizen journalism, collective bargaining, conceptual framework, context collapse, crowdsourcing, digital divide, disinformation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, feminist movement, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, Future Shock, gentrification, Howard Rheingold, income inequality, index card, interchangeable parts, invention of movable type, invention of writing, John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow, loose coupling, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, Mikhail Gorbachev, moral hazard, moral panic, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, obamacare, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, pre–internet, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, real-name policy, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, Streisand effect, the strength of weak ties, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen, Thorstein Veblen, Twitter Arab Spring, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

Eric Gobe, “The Gafsa Mining Basin between Riots and a Social Movement: Meaning and Significance of a Protest Movement in Ben Ali’s Tunisia” (working paper, 2010), https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00557826. 21. Jamai Al-Gasimi, “Ben Ali Rescues Facebook from Censorship,” Middle East Online, September 3, 2008, http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=27687. 22. Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011); Evgeny Morozov, “From Slacktivism to Activism,” Foreign Policy, September 5, 2009, http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/09/05/from-slacktivism-to-activism/. My criticism of The Net Delusion here is about the concept of slacktivism. There was much else about the book to recommend, though I found it too internet-centric in its analysis of politics in the digital age.

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Doug McAdam and Ronnelle Paulsen, “Specifying the Relationship between Social Ties and Activism,” American Journal of Sociology 99, no. 3 (1993): 640–67, doi:10.1086/230319. 24. Henry Farrell, “The Tech Intellectuals,” Democracy Journal 30 (2013), http://democracyjournal.org/magazine/30/the-tech-intellectuals/. 25. Tim Wu, “Book Review: ‘To Save Everything, Click Here’ by Evgeny Morozov,” Washington Post, April 12, 2013, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/book-review-to-save-everything-click-here-by-evgeny-morozov/2013/04/12/0e82400a-9ac9-11e2-9a79-eb5280c81c63_story.html?utm_term=.d0ab73ff3c64. 26. For in-depth explorations of “reality” in the digital age and online spaces, see pioneering work by Annette N. Markham, Life Online: Researching Real Experience in Virtual Space, 1st ed.

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Indeed, authorities in many countries had derided the internet and digital technology as “virtual” and therefore unimportant. They were not alone. Many Western observers were also scornful of the use of the internet for activism. Online political activity was ridiculed as “slacktivism,” an attitude popularized especially by Evgeny Morozov. In his influential book The Net Delusion and in earlier essays, Morozov argued that “slacktivism” was distracting people from productive activism, and that people who were clicking on political topics online were turning away from other forms of activism for the same cause.22 Empirical research on social movements or discussions with actual activists would have quickly dissuaded an observer from such a theory.

A Burglar's Guide to the City by Geoff Manaugh

A. Roger Ekirch, big-box store, card file, dark matter, Evgeny Morozov, game design, index card, megacity, megaproject, megastructure, Minecraft, off grid, Rubik’s Cube, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, statistical model, the built environment, urban planning

For more about GPS jamming and spoofing, see “Car Thieves Using GPS ‘Jammers’” (Charles Arthur, Guardian, February 2010), “Organised Crime ‘Routinely Jamming GPS’” (Matt Warman, Telegraph, February 2012), “The Threat of GPS Jamming: The Risk to an Information Utility” (Jeff Coffed, white paper for Exelis, February 2014), and, of course, Marc Goodman’s Future Crimes. Evgeny Morozov’s op-ed appeared under the title “The Rise of Data and the Death of Politics” (Evgeny Morozov, Observer, July 2014). The “Haussmannization” of Paris has been exhaustively covered by other writers; for an explicitly architectural focus, see Rubble: Unearthing the History of Demolition by Jeff Byles (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2005) or even The Kill, a great novel by Émile Zola set during Haussmann’s demolitions, originally published in serial form in 1871 (New York: Modern Library, 2005, translated by Arthur Goldhammer).

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Despite these hacks and spoofs, the power to control a city’s traffic usually lies firmly in the hands of the police, with their arsenal of blockades, traffic stops, and road closures. Police powers are increasingly woven deep into the fabric of the built environment and will only grow more pervasive as “smart city” technology becomes widespread. Cantankerous Belorussian technology critic Evgeny Morozov has written that the surveillance powers of the state are so dramatically amplified by the ubiquitous sensors, cameras, and remote-control technology associated with the smart city that urban space risks becoming little more than an inhabitable police barricade. “As both cars and roads get ‘smart,’” Morozov wrote in a 2014 op-ed for The Observer, “they promise nearly perfect, real-time law enforcement.

Listen, Liberal: Or, What Ever Happened to the Party of the People? by Thomas Frank

Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Amazon Mechanical Turk, American ideology, antiwork, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, blue-collar work, Burning Man, centre right, circulation of elites, Clayton Christensen, collective bargaining, Credit Default Swap, David Brooks, deindustrialization, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial engineering, financial innovation, Frank Gehry, fulfillment center, full employment, George Gilder, gig economy, Gini coefficient, Glass-Steagall Act, high-speed rail, income inequality, independent contractor, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Lean Startup, mandatory minimum, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, market bubble, mass immigration, mass incarceration, McMansion, microcredit, mobile money, moral panic, mortgage debt, Nelson Mandela, new economy, obamacare, payday loans, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-industrial society, postindustrial economy, pre–internet, profit maximization, profit motive, race to the bottom, Republic of Letters, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Savings and loan crisis, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, TaskRabbit, tech worker, TED Talk, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Travis Kalanick, Uber for X, union organizing, urban decay, WeWork, women in the workforce, Works Progress Administration, young professional

If startups really were to encourage other startups, they would be contributing pretty directly to their own competition—and robust competition is precisely what today’s thinking business person wants to avoid. The winning quality today is monopoly, not competition. But this is not a literature given to subtlety or introspection. As the tech writer Evgeny Morozov points out in To Save Everything, Click Here, the cult of innovation holds every info-age novelty to be “inherently good in itself, regardless of its social or political consequences.” Sure enough, as far as I have been able to determine, few of the people who write or talk about innovation even acknowledge the possibility that innovations might be harmful instead of noble and productive.

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Freidson, as quoted in Larson, The Rise of Professionalism, p. xii. 30. Galbraith, “How the Economists Got It Wrong,” The American Prospect, December 19, 2001. 31. See Jeff Schmidt, Disciplined Minds, pp. 21–24. 32. On this subject, see Yves Smith, ECONned (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). 33. Bernard Crick, In Defence of Politics (Penguin, 1964); Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here (Public Affairs, 2013), pp. 135–39; Dzur, Democratic Professionalism, p. 87. 34. Callahan acknowledges that the recent alignment of certain very rich people with the Democrats won’t help to advance every single liberal issue, but it will help with many of them.

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High-profile speech: “Remarks on Internet Freedom,” a speech delivered by Secretary Clinton on January 21, 2010, at the Newseum in Washington, D.C., the text is available on the website of the State Department. 16. On this subject, see my 2000 book, One Market Under God. The “Twitter Revolution” in Iran, by the way, turned out to have little to do with Twitter at all. See Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (PublicAffairs, 2011), chapter 1. 17. More quotes from Clinton’s speech of January 21, 2010. 18. “Conference on Internet Freedom,” remarks by Hillary Rodham Clinton, secretary of state, Fokker Terminal, The Hague, Netherlands, December 8, 2011, available on the State Department’s website as of August 31, 2015.

The End of Big: How the Internet Makes David the New Goliath by Nicco Mele

4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, Andy Carvin, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, big-box store, bitcoin, bread and circuses, business climate, call centre, Cass Sunstein, centralized clearinghouse, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, cloud computing, collaborative consumption, collaborative editing, commoditize, Computer Lib, creative destruction, crony capitalism, cross-subsidies, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, death of newspapers, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, Exxon Valdez, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Firefox, global supply chain, Google Chrome, Gordon Gekko, Hacker Ethic, Ian Bogost, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, jimmy wales, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Lean Startup, lolcat, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, military-industrial complex, minimum viable product, Mitch Kapor, Mohammed Bouazizi, Mother of all demos, Narrative Science, new economy, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, old-boy network, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), peer-to-peer, period drama, Peter Thiel, pirate software, public intellectual, publication bias, Robert Metcalfe, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, satellite internet, Seymour Hersh, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, social web, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stewart Brand, Stuxnet, Ted Nelson, Ted Sorensen, Telecommunications Act of 1996, telemarketer, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, uranium enrichment, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, Zipcar

It’s interesting that most commentary about the Arab Spring seems to take sides, either overplaying the role of technology in helping to bring about the Arab Spring (a “cyber-utopian” view) or overstating how much technology has helped dictators, militaries, and totalitarians terrorize their opponents. Does radical connectivity pose the greatest opportunity for political dissidents or the greatest threat? One thing is certain: It shifts power to the individual, away from the institution. Even Evgeny Morozov, in a book bent on stripping away the fog of cyber utopianism, acknowledges that “new means of communication can alter the size and likelihood of a protest.”38 The end result seems to be a strange new world in which political movements can jump into being but find it almost impossible to form governing coalitions.

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The challenge that it presents is the way it equally empowers violent extremists, like members of Al Qaeda. Other Reasons Big Governments Are No Longer All That Of course, repressive regimes have a whole arsenal of digital responses at their disposal beyond merely flicking the “off” switch. Evgeny Morozov highlights the “trinity of authoritarianism: propaganda, censorship, surveillance,” noting the opportunities provided by the digital world on all three fronts.41 But even in these areas, technological trends favor the individual over the institutional. Take surveillance. More and more solutions to anonymize online activity and protect online users from surveillance appear every day.

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Sifry and Andrew Rasiej, WikiLeaks and the Age of Transparency (Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2011), 14. 35. http://gov20.govfresh.com/samantha-power-transparency-has-gone-global/ 36. http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/06/08TUNIS679.html 37. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2044723,00.html; http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/17/world/meast/arab-spring-one-year-later/index.html 38. Rebecca MacKinnon, Consent of the Networked (Philadelphia: Basic Books, 2012), 57. 39. Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom by (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011), 53. 40. http://www.fastcoexist.com/1678169/afghanistans-amazing-diy-internet 41. To this trinity, Morozov adds a fourth hallmark, provided to a large extent by the technologies of radical connectivity: entertainment.

There's a War Going on but No One Can See It by Huib Modderkolk

AltaVista, ASML, Berlin Wall, Big Tech, call centre, COVID-19, disinformation, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Firefox, Google Chrome, information security, Jacob Appelbaum, John Markoff, Julian Assange, Laura Poitras, machine translation, millennium bug, NSO Group, ransomware, Skype, smart meter, speech recognition, Stuxnet, undersea cable, unit 8200, uranium enrichment, WikiLeaks, zero day

Kirkpatrick, ‘Hacking a Prince, an Emir and a Journalist to Impress a Client’, New York Times, 31 August 2018. Surveillance law referendum opinion polls I&O research Bill Clinton speech on China movies2.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/030900clinton-china-text.html Opinion piece by Evgeny Morozov Evgeny Morozov, ‘De illusie van het ooit vrije internet’, NRC Handelsblad, 5 April 2019. Gemalto response to claim it was hacked https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/digital-identity-and-security/press-release/gemalto-presents-the-findings-of-its-investigations-into-the-alleged-hacking-of-sim-card-encryption-keys SolarWinds hack Joe Gould, ‘No. 2 Senate Democrat decries alleged Russian hack as “virtual invasion” ’, c4isrnet.com, 17 December 2020.

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And we can’t just strike back. Our governments won’t put up troll factories to spread disinformation or train tens of thousands of hackers. But doing nothing isn’t an option either, and so we march another step closer to the point of no return. This battleground is no longer a place of tech nerds and pioneers. Evgeny Morozov, an American writer and one of the most interesting thinkers on digitisation, explains how the cyber world has become our bedrock: ‘What used to be playfully described as “cyberspace” – something immaterial, virtual and ephemeral – has grown into the economy’s most capital-intensive industry, interconnected by material data centers, undersea data cables and a sensor infrastructure that envelops our cities,’ he writes.

Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change From the Cult of Technology by Kentaro Toyama

Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, Apollo 11, behavioural economics, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, blood diamond, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Cass Sunstein, cognitive dissonance, commoditize, computer vision, conceptual framework, delayed gratification, digital divide, do well by doing good, Edward Glaeser, Edward Jenner, en.wikipedia.org, end world poverty, epigenetics, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, fundamental attribution error, gamification, germ theory of disease, global village, Hans Rosling, happiness index / gross national happiness, income inequality, invention of the printing press, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Khan Academy, Kibera, knowledge worker, Larry Ellison, Lewis Mumford, liberation theology, libertarian paternalism, longitudinal study, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, microcredit, mobile money, Neil Armstrong, Nelson Mandela, Nicholas Carr, North Sea oil, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, pattern recognition, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, post-industrial society, Powell Memorandum, randomized controlled trial, rent-seeking, RFID, Richard Florida, Richard Thaler, school vouchers, self-driving car, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Simon Kuznets, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, the long tail, Twitter Arab Spring, Upton Sinclair, Walter Mischel, War on Poverty, winner-take-all economy, World Values Survey, Y2K

Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows, suggests that the fast-twitch, hyperlinked Internet not only erodes our ability to think deeply, but also traps us like a Siren: “We may be wary of what our devices are doing to us, but we’re using them more than ever.” His book is ominously subtitled What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. In The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom, Evgeny Morozov catalogs the myriad ways in which the Internet boosts, rather than contains, the power of repressive regimes: in China, social media is a tool for disseminating Communist Party propaganda; in Azerbaijan, webcams installed at election stations frightened citizens into voting for state-sponsored incumbents;10 in Iran, the chief of national police acknowledged a chilling fact of their anti-protest efforts: “The new technologies allow us to identify conspirators.”11 Technology skeptics like to point out unintended consequences.

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This book’s core thesis – that we should see social situations less as problems to be solved and more as people and institutions to be nurtured – has been raised by many others in different contexts. To various degrees, it aligns with Aristotle and Confucius and their intellectual descendants,4 with advocates for health systems in public health, with the social worker’s idea of social development, with Easterly’s problem-solving systems in international development, with Evgeny Morozov’s polemic against technological solutionism, with Diane Ravitch and David L. Kirp’s critique of quick-fix approaches to American education, with 1980s communitarianism and its interweaving of public and private values, with the “institutional turn” in a range of social sciences, and with the thinking behind any number of feet-on-the-ground organizations that work primarily to foster people, organizations, communities, and nations.5 I hope to have persuaded you that they’re all united by a single theme.

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Among them, Howard Yoon and Melanie Tortoroli each gave precious input. A few agents and editors also offered thoughtful feedback, including Giles Anderson, Max Brockman, Joseph Calamia, Amy Caldwell, Laurie Harting, Jeff Kehoe, Rafe Sagalyn, Jeevan Sivasubramaniam, Anna Sproul-Latimer, Andrew Stuart, and Elizabeth Wales. Authors Ben Mezrich and Evgeny Morozov provided timely advice. Thank you. I’m also grateful to Patrick Newell for inviting me to speak at the beautifully organized TEDxTokyo in 2010 (http://j.mp/ktTEDxTokyo). The ideas in this book were fostered through close engagements with a number of organizations. I thank P. Anandan, Dan Ling, Rick Rashid, and Craig Mundie for the incredible opportunity to cofound Microsoft Research India, and to my colleagues in the Technology for Emerging Markets group for all of our research adventures – Ed Cutrell, Jonathan Donner, Rikin Gandhi, David Hutchful, Paul Javid, Indrani Medhi, Saurabh Panjwani, Udai Singh Pawar, Archana Prasad, Nimmi Rangaswamy, Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan, Bill Thies, Rajesh Veeraraghavan, and Randy Wang.

Virtual Competition by Ariel Ezrachi, Maurice E. Stucke

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Albert Einstein, algorithmic management, algorithmic trading, Arthur D. Levinson, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, cloud computing, collaborative economy, commoditize, confounding variable, corporate governance, crony capitalism, crowdsourcing, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, David Graeber, deep learning, demand response, Didi Chuxing, digital capitalism, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, double helix, Downton Abbey, driverless car, electricity market, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, experimental economics, Firefox, framing effect, Google Chrome, independent contractor, index arbitrage, information asymmetry, interest rate derivative, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jean Tirole, John Markoff, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, light touch regulation, linked data, loss aversion, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, market clearing, market friction, Milgram experiment, multi-sided market, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, nowcasting, offshore financial centre, pattern recognition, power law, prediction markets, price discrimination, price elasticity of demand, price stability, profit maximization, profit motive, race to the bottom, rent-seeking, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, road to serfdom, Robert Bork, Ronald Reagan, search costs, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart meter, Snapchat, social graph, Steve Jobs, sunk-cost fallacy, supply-chain management, telemarketer, The Chicago School, The Myth of the Rational Market, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, too big to fail, transaction costs, Travis Kalanick, turn-by-turn navigation, two-sided market, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, vertical integration, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, women in the workforce, yield management

Notes to Pages 239–240 http://www.wsj.com/articles/behind-toyotas-late-shift-into-self-driving-cars -1452649436 (“In the battle for global pre-eminence, traditional car makers fear soft ware makers will steal the auto’s soul and profitability, putting incumbents in a similar position to Chinese factories making smartphones for global brands.”). Joseph Menn, “Data Collection Arms Race Feeds Privacy Fears,” Reuters (February 19, 2012), http://www.reuters.com/article/us-data-collection -idUSTRE81I0AP20120219. Evgeny Morozov, “Socialize the Data Centres!” New Left Review, January– February 2015, http://newleft review.org/II/91/evgeny-morozov-socialize-the -data-centres. Oxfam, “David Cameron: End the Era of Tax Havens So That We Can End Poverty” (2016), https://act.oxfam.org/great-britain/tax-havens-2016- 644e5810 -f58e-40f5-8162-d09b2392efa6?sid=2016 -01-18 _ogbsite _ homepage.

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Thus we enter a data-collection arms race, where firms have little incentive to protect our privacy interests.25 A data advantage over rivals can enable the company to achieve critical economies of scale, which could tilt the data—and the competitive balance—in its favor. Indeed, leading companies do not limit themselves to mere improvements in harvesting and analyzing data; they also compete on infrastructure and in emerging markets. As Evgeny Morozov noted, “Google and Facebook have figured out that they cannot be in the business of organizing the world’s knowledge if they do not also control the sensors that generate that knowledge and the gateways through which it passes.”26 Mavericks, like Disconnect, may offer privacy technologies that seek to protect us from being tracked and our personal data from being collected.

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Min Kyung Lee, Daniel Kusbit, Evan Metsky, and Laura Dabbish, “Working with Machines: The Impact of Algorithmic and Data-Driven Management on Human Workers,” Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York: ACM, 2015), http://www .cs.cmu.edu/~mklee/materials/Publication/2015-CHI_ algorithmic _management.pdf. Ibid. Uber, Interested in Driving with Uber? https://get.uber.com/drive/. John Kenneth Galbraith, The Essential Galbraith (Boston: Mariner Books, 2010), 72. Ibid. Eden Medina, Cybernetic Revolutionaries: Technology and Politics in Allende’s Chile (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011). Evgeny Morozov, “The Planning Machine: Project Cybersyn and the Origins of the Big Data Nation,” New Yorker, October 13, 2014, http://www.newyorker .com/magazine/2014/10/13/planning-machine. Eden Medina, “The Cybersyn Revolution,” Jacobin 17 (Spring 2015), https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/04/allende-chile-beer-medina-cybersyn/.

WikiLeaks and the Age of Transparency by Micah L. Sifry

1960s counterculture, Amazon Web Services, Andy Carvin, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, Buckminster Fuller, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Climategate, crowdsourcing, digital divide, digital rights, Evgeny Morozov, Gabriella Coleman, Google Earth, Howard Rheingold, Internet Archive, Jacob Appelbaum, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Network effects, RAND corporation, school vouchers, Skype, social web, source of truth, Stewart Brand, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, web application, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

“We don’t have the Internet that we think we have—this sort of peer-to-peer, decentralized, uncontrollable, anarchist network.” He added, “The net is a great illusion of democracy right now. It is totally top-down controlled and completely centralized.”29 Alternatives are percolating. As author Evgeny Morozov pointed out in a recent issue of The New Republic, “The Cablegate saga has already spurred (or boosted) several nonprofit initiatives that aspire to provide the kind of online services that are essential to a controversial project like WikiLeaks—and do so in a more decentralized and resilient fashion.”

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., January 27, 2011, http://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/ press-releases/warrants_012711. “WikiLeaks and Internet Freedom,” Personal Democracy Forum, December 11, 2010, http://personaldemocracy.com/pdfleaks. See also Douglas Rushkoff, “The Next Net,” Shareable, January 3, 2011, http:// shareable.net/blog/the-next-net. Evgeny Morozov, “Wiki Rehab,” The New Republic, January 7, 2011, www. tnr.com/print/article/politics/81017/wikileaks-internet-pirate-partysave. See also Project IDONS, http://lauren.vortex.com/archive/000787. html. Alex Howard, “Time Berners-Lee Says WikiLeaks is Not Open Government Data,” Huffington Post, December 21, 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/ alexander-howard/tim-bernerslee-on-wikilea_b_798671.html.

The People vs Tech: How the Internet Is Killing Democracy (And How We Save It) by Jamie Bartlett

Ada Lovelace, Airbnb, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Andrew Keen, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, basic income, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Californian Ideology, Cambridge Analytica, central bank independence, Chelsea Manning, cloud computing, computer vision, creative destruction, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, disinformation, Dominic Cummings, Donald Trump, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Filter Bubble, future of work, general purpose technology, gig economy, global village, Google bus, Hans Moravec, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, information retrieval, initial coin offering, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, John Gilmore, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, mittelstand, move fast and break things, Network effects, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, off grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, payday loans, Peter Thiel, post-truth, prediction markets, QR code, ransomware, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, Renaissance Technologies, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Mercer, Ross Ulbricht, Sam Altman, Satoshi Nakamoto, Second Machine Age, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, smart cities, smart contracts, smart meter, Snapchat, Stanford prison experiment, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, strong AI, surveillance capitalism, TaskRabbit, tech worker, technological singularity, technoutopianism, Ted Kaczynski, TED Talk, the long tail, the medium is the message, the scientific method, The Spirit Level, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, too big to fail, ultimatum game, universal basic income, WikiLeaks, World Values Survey, Y Combinator, you are the product

, New York Times, 13 March 2017. 6 Adam Alter, Irresistible. 7 Tristan Harris, ‘How Technology is Hijacking Your Mind – from a Magician and Google Design Ethicist’, www.thriveglobal.com, 18 May 2016. 8 Robert Gehl, ‘A History of Like’, https://thenewinquiry.com, 27 March 2013. 9 Kathy Chan, ‘I like this’, www.facebook.com, 10 February 2009. 10 Tom Huddleston Jnr, ‘Sean Parker Wonders What Facebook Is “Doing to Our Children’s Brains”’, www.fortune.com, 9 November 2017. 11 Natasha Singer, ‘Mapping, and Sharing, the Consumer Genome’, New York Times, 16 June 2012. 12 Michal Kosinski, David Stillwell, and Thore Graepel (2013), ‘Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behaviour’, PNAS, 110 (15), 5802–5805. 13 Sam Levin, ‘Facebook told advertisers it can identify teens feeling “insecure” and “worthless”’, Guardian, 1 May 2017. 14 Dave Birch, ‘Where are the customer’s bots?’, www.medium.com, 30 December 2017. 15 Evgeny Morozov has written about this at length in his book To Save Everything, Click Here (Allen Lane 2013). 16 Angela Nagle, Kill All Normies (Zero Books, 2017). 17 ‘The outstanding truth about artificial intelligence supporting disaster relief’, www.ifrc.org, 28 November 2016. Franklin Wolfe, ‘How Artificial Intelligence Will Revolutionize the Energy Industry’, www.harvard.edu, 28 August 2017.

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Chapter 2: The Global Village 1 Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (University of Toronto Press, 1962). 2 Eric Norden, ‘The Playboy Interview: Marshall McLuhan’, Playboy, March 1969. 3 James Madison, ‘Federalist No. 10 – The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection’, 23 November 1787. 4 Thomas Hawk, ‘How to unleash the wisdom of crowds’, www.theconversation.com, 9 February 2016. 5 See especially the following authors: Zeynep Tufekci, Eli Pariser and Evgeny Morozov. On ‘post-truth’, see books by Matthew D’Ancona, James Ball and Evan Davies. 6 Bruce Drake, ‘Six new findings about Millennials’, www.pewresearch.org, 7 March 2014. A survey repeatedly found that millennials have fewer institutional attachments than their parents, are more politically independent, but do ‘connect’ to personalised networks. 7 Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011).

Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Internet Freedom by Rebecca MacKinnon

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Berlin Wall, blood diamond, business cycle, business intelligence, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, collective bargaining, conceptual framework, corporate social responsibility, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, digital Maoism, don't be evil, Eben Moglen, Evgeny Morozov, Filter Bubble, Firefox, future of journalism, Global Witness, high-speed rail, illegal immigration, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Joi Ito, Julian Assange, Mark Zuckerberg, Mikhail Gorbachev, MITM: man-in-the-middle, national security letter, online collectivism, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parag Khanna, pre–internet, race to the bottom, real-name policy, Richard Stallman, Ronald Reagan, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Steve Crocker, Steven Levy, Tactical Technology Collective, technological determinism, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler

Also see Josh Smith, “State Allocates Final $28 Million for Internet Freedom Programs,” National Journal, May 3, 2011, www.nextgov.com/nextgov/ng_20110503_8059.php. 191 Clay Shirky critiqued Washington’s obsession with circumvention: Clay Shirky, “The Political Power of Social Media,” Foreign Affairs 90, no. 1 (January–February 2011): 28–41. 193 as Ethan Zuckerman of Harvard’s Berkman Center warns: See Ethan Zuckerman, “Internet Freedom: Beyond Circumvention,” My Heart’s in Accra blog, February 22, 2010, www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2010/02/22/internet-freedom-beyond-circumvention. 193 Evgeny Morozov has been even more critical: Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011). 193 US Internet freedom policy also has critics among its intended beneficiaries: Sami Ben Gharbia, “The Internet Freedom Fallacy and the Arab Digital Activism,” September 17, 2010, http://samibengharbia.com/2010/09/17/the-internet-freedom-fallacy-and-the-arab-digital-activism. 195 While the Bahraini government was arresting bloggers and suppressing dissent, the United States was planning to sell $70 million in arms to Bahrain: See Ivan Sigal, “Going Local,” Index on Censorship 40, no. 1 (2011): 93–99. 195 When Clinton visited Cairo a month after the revolution, Egypt’s January 25 Revolution Youth Coalition refused to meet with her: Kirit Radia and Alex Marquardt, “Young Leaders of Egypt’s Revolt Snub Clinton in Cairo,” ABC News Political Punch, March 15, 2011, http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/03/young-leaders-of-egypts-revolt-snub-clinton-in-cairo.html. 195 “International Strategy for Cyberspace”: www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/internationalstrategy_cyberspace.pdf. 196 Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt called for a “new transatlantic partnership for protecting and promoting the freedoms of cyberspace”: Carl Bildt, “Tear Down These Walls Against Internet Freedom,” Washington Post, January 25, 2010, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/24/AR2010012402297.html. 196 In July 2010 the French and Dutch foreign ministers convened an international conference on the Internet and freedom of expression: “Ministers to Meet in the Netherlands to Champion Internet Freedom,” Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the United Nations, www.netherlandsmission.org/article.asp?

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US-based Internet companies’ local employees as well as their most active local users will more likely be viewed as foreign agents. Rather, Zuckerman argues, the goal should be much broader and ideologically agnostic: “to ensure that people can make their voices heard in this new space, and hope that governments will be wise enough to listen and to engage.” Writer and critic Evgeny Morozov has been even more critical of the US government’s “Internet freedom” policy, warning that any policy based on the assumption that the Internet inherently helps democracy and hurts authoritarianism is misguided, counterproductive, and downright dangerous. His book The Net Delusion offers a scathing condemnation of the “cyber-utopian” and “Internet-centric” worldviews he believes to be epidemic among American academics (including Shirky and Zuckerman), alongside many activists, foundations, journalists, politicians, and investors.

Future Perfect: The Case for Progress in a Networked Age by Steven Johnson

Airbus A320, airport security, algorithmic trading, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bernie Sanders, call centre, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, Cass Sunstein, Charles Lindbergh, classic study, cognitive dissonance, credit crunch, crowdsourcing, dark matter, Dava Sobel, David Brooks, Donald Davies, Evgeny Morozov, Fairchild Semiconductor, future of journalism, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, HyperCard, Jane Jacobs, John Gruber, John Harrison: Longitude, Joi Ito, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, lone genius, Mark Zuckerberg, mega-rich, meta-analysis, Naomi Klein, Nate Silver, Occupy movement, packet switching, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, pre–internet, private spaceflight, radical decentralization, RAND corporation, risk tolerance, seminal paper, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, social graph, SpaceShipOne, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, techno-determinism, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, the long tail, Tim Cook: Apple, urban planning, US Airways Flight 1549, WikiLeaks, William Langewiesche, working poor, X Prize, Yochai Benkler, your tax dollars at work

It’s easy to get misty-eyed hearing stories of Twitter spawning pro-democratic flashmobs in the streets of Cairo; but when those same social architectures are used by reactionary zealots to topple skyscrapers down the street from us, the story gets more complicated. These complications are closely related to the critiques of cyber-utopianism leveled by writers such as Evgeny Morozov and Malcolm Gladwell. Around the time of the Iranian and Egyptian protests of 2009 and after, Gladwell wrote two much-discussed pieces dismissing the techno-determinist position that the digital peer networks had been instrumental in these popular uprisings, drawing on some of Morozov’s argument in his book The Net Delusion.

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On the debate over the role of social media in supporting protest movements, see Malcolm Gladwell’s New Yorker article “Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted” (http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell) and his follow-up blog post “Does Egypt Need Twitter?” (http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2011/02/does-egypt-need-twitter.html); Evgeny Morozov’s The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom; as well as a thoughtful overview of the debate by Bill Wasik at Wired, “Gladwell vs. Shirky: A Year Later, Scoring the Debate over Social-Media Revolutions” (http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/gladwell-vs-shirky/all/1). Originally coined by the psychologist James J.

The Retreat of Western Liberalism by Edward Luce

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, affirmative action, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, basic income, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, Boris Johnson, Branko Milanovic, bread and circuses, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, business cycle, call centre, carried interest, centre right, Charles Lindbergh, cognitive dissonance, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, computer age, corporate raider, cuban missile crisis, currency manipulation / currency intervention, disinformation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Doha Development Round, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, driverless car, Erik Brynjolfsson, European colonialism, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, future of work, gentrification, George Santayana, gig economy, Gini coefficient, global pandemic, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, illegal immigration, imperial preference, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, Internet of things, Jaron Lanier, knowledge economy, lateral thinking, Les Trente Glorieuses, liberal capitalism, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, means of production, meritocracy, microaggression, Monroe Doctrine, moral panic, more computing power than Apollo, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Norman Mailer, offshore financial centre, one-China policy, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, precariat, purchasing power parity, reserve currency, reshoring, Richard Florida, Robert Gordon, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Skype, Snapchat, software is eating the world, South China Sea, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, superstar cities, telepresence, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thomas L Friedman, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, universal basic income, unpaid internship, Washington Consensus, We are the 99%, We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140 characters, white flight, World Values Survey, Yogi Berra

When he was a KGB agent based in Dresden in the 1980s, most of its population could pick up television from the West on their transmitters. These were the most politically quiescent parts of East Germany. Far from being glued to the West German news, they were hooked on Dallas, Baywatch and Dynasty. As Evgeny Morozov pointed out in The Net Delusion, there was one part of the east that could not receive West German TV. It was known as the Valley of the Clueless. Yet it was also the most politicised part of the country. People from here applied in far higher numbers for exit visas than their supposedly better-informed neighbours.

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Achen and Larry Bartels (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2016). 51 Cas Mudde, ‘The problem with populism’, Guardian, 17 February 2015, <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/17/problem-populism-syriza-podemos-dark-side-europe>. 52 The WVS findings are brilliantly dissected in Roberto Stefan Foa and Yascha Mounk, ‘The Danger of Deconsolidation’, Journal of Democracy, 27:3 (July 2016), <http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Foa%26Mounk-27-3.pdf>. 53 Ibid. 54 I thank Foa and Mounk for this thought-provoking inversion. 55 Matt Rocheleau, ‘Trump’s Cabinet picks so far worth a combined $13b’, Boston Globe, 20 December 2016, <https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/12/20/trump-cabinet-picks-far-are-worth-combined/XvAJmHCgkHhO3lSxgIKvRM/story.html>. 56 Chris Hedges, Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle (Nation Books, New York, 2009). 57 Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Part I (1835). 58 Nicholas Negroponte, Being Digital (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1996). 59 Quoted in Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (Basic Books, New York, 2012). 60 Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1854; W. W. Norton, New York, 1966), p. 67. 61 Morozov, The Net Delusion. Morozov’s book is a compelling read for anyone interested in technology and democracy. 62 ‘The Revolution Will Be Twittered’, Atlantic, 13 June 2009, <https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2009/06/the-revolution-will-be-twittered/200478/>. 63 From Pomerantsev, Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible. 64 Michael M.

This Will Make You Smarter: 150 New Scientific Concepts to Improve Your Thinking by John Brockman

23andMe, adjacent possible, Albert Einstein, Alfred Russel Wallace, Anthropocene, banking crisis, Barry Marshall: ulcers, behavioural economics, Benoit Mandelbrot, Berlin Wall, biofilm, Black Swan, Bletchley Park, butterfly effect, Cass Sunstein, cloud computing, cognitive load, congestion charging, correlation does not imply causation, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, dark matter, data acquisition, David Brooks, delayed gratification, Emanuel Derman, epigenetics, Evgeny Morozov, Exxon Valdez, Flash crash, Flynn Effect, Garrett Hardin, Higgs boson, hive mind, impulse control, information retrieval, information security, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, Johannes Kepler, John von Neumann, Kevin Kelly, Large Hadron Collider, lifelogging, machine translation, mandelbrot fractal, market design, Mars Rover, Marshall McLuhan, microbiome, Murray Gell-Mann, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, ocean acidification, open economy, Pierre-Simon Laplace, place-making, placebo effect, power law, pre–internet, QWERTY keyboard, random walk, randomized controlled trial, rent control, Richard Feynman, Richard Feynman: Challenger O-ring, Richard Thaler, Satyajit Das, Schrödinger's Cat, scientific management, security theater, selection bias, Silicon Valley, Stanford marshmallow experiment, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, Stuart Kauffman, sugar pill, synthetic biology, the scientific method, Thorstein Veblen, Turing complete, Turing machine, twin studies, Vilfredo Pareto, Walter Mischel, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, zero-sum game

Tania Lombrozo Defeasibility Between blind faith and radical skepticism is a vast but sparsely populated space where defeasibility finds its home. Richard Thaler Aether Aether variables are extremely common in my own field of economics. Mark Pagel Knowledge as a Hypothesis There will always be some element of doubt about anything we come to “know” from our observations of the world. Evgeny Morozov The Einstellung Effect Familiar solutions may not be optimal. Eduardo Salcedo-Albarán Homo sensus sapiens: The Animal That Feels and Reasons We are the tension of the sensus and the sapiens. Fiery Cushman Understanding Confabulation Automatic behaviors can be remarkably organized and even goal-driven.

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For example, I didn’t know that twice as many people in India have access to cell phones as to latrines. But most of the essays in the book are about metacognition. They consist of thinking about how we think. I was struck by Daniel Kahneman’s essay on the Focusing Illusion, by Paul Saffo’s essay on the Time Span Illusion, by John McWhorter’s essay on Path Dependence, and Evgeny Morozov’s essay on the Einstellung Effect, among many others. If you lead an organization, or have the sort of job that demands that you think about the world, these tools are like magic hammers. They will help you, now and through life, to see the world better, and to see your own biases more accurately.

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No other system for acquiring knowledge even comes close to science, but this is precisely why we must treat its conclusions with humility. Einstein knew this when he said that “all our science measured against reality is primitive and childlike, and yet,” he added, “it is the most precious thing we have.” The Einstellung Effect Evgeny Morozov Commentator on Internet and politics, Net Effect blog; contributing editor, Foreign Policy; author, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom Constant awareness of the Einstellung effect would make a useful addition to our cognitive toolkit. The Einstellung effect is more pervasive than its name suggests.

Is the Internet Changing the Way You Think?: The Net's Impact on Our Minds and Future by John Brockman

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Albert Einstein, AltaVista, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Asperger Syndrome, availability heuristic, Benoit Mandelbrot, biofilm, Black Swan, bread and circuses, British Empire, conceptual framework, corporate governance, Danny Hillis, disinformation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Emanuel Derman, epigenetics, Evgeny Morozov, financial engineering, Flynn Effect, Frank Gehry, Future Shock, Google Earth, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, index card, information retrieval, Internet Archive, invention of writing, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Large Hadron Collider, lifelogging, lone genius, loss aversion, mandelbrot fractal, Marc Andreessen, Marshall McLuhan, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, Neal Stephenson, New Journalism, Nicholas Carr, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), out of africa, Paul Samuelson, peer-to-peer, pneumatic tube, Ponzi scheme, power law, pre–internet, Project Xanadu, Richard Feynman, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, satellite internet, Schrödinger's Cat, search costs, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, SETI@home, Silicon Valley, Skype, slashdot, smart grid, social distancing, social graph, social software, social web, Stephen Hawking, Steve Wozniak, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, synthetic biology, Ted Nelson, TED Talk, telepresence, the medium is the message, the scientific method, the strength of weak ties, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, theory of mind, trade route, upwardly mobile, Vernor Vinge, Whole Earth Catalog, X Prize, Yochai Benkler

Diamandis The Internet as Social Amplifier: David G. Myers Navigating Physical and Virtual Lives: Linda Stone Not Everything or Everyone in the World Has a Home on the Internet: Barry C. Smith Ephemera and Back Again: Chris DiBona What Do We Think About? Who Gets to Do the Thinking?: Evgeny Morozov The Internet Is a Cultural Form: Virginia Heffernan Wallowing in the World of Knowledge: Peter Schwartz One’s Guild: Stewart Brand Trust Nothing, Debate Everything: Jason Calacanis Harmful One-Liners, an Ocean of Facts, and Rewired Minds: Haim Harari What Other People Think: Marti Hearst The Extinction of Experience: Scott D.

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Theocratic or otherwise malign regimes, such as Iran and Saudi Arabia today, may find it increasingly hard to bamboozle their citizens with their evil nonsense. Whether, on balance, the Internet benefits the oppressed more than the oppressor is controversial and at present may vary from region to region (see, for example, the exchange between Evgeny Morozov and Clay Shirky in Prospect, November–December 2009). It is said that Twitter played an important part in the unrest surrounding the election in Iran in 2009, and news from that faith pit encouraged the view that the trend will be toward a net positive effect of the Internet on political liberty.

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Queries I executed while writing this article: modern major general Google stupid garden paving pruning cleaving garden paring pruning cleaving garden paring pruning garden paring dense antonyms major general’s song define: stanza ASCII chart game had a dog accompanying me through post-apocalyptic California orbiting a neutron star for an alien race finds out about tidal effects for an alien race finds out about tidal effects orbiting a neutron star in a ship built by aliens dude orbiting a neutron star for an alien race with eyes in their hands time becomes a loop the German movie about the fall of communism with the woman in a coma books printed each year Conservapedia Internet enabled cell phones people with Internet enabled cell phones people with Internet-enabled cellphones planet population What Do We Think About? Who Gets to Do the Thinking? Evgeny Morozov Commentator on Internet and politics, Net Effect blog; contributing editor, Foreign Policy As it might take decades for the Internet to rewire how our brains actually process information, we should expect that most immediate changes would be social rather than biological in nature. Of those, two bother me in particular.

MacroWikinomics: Rebooting Business and the World by Don Tapscott, Anthony D. Williams

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, airport security, Andrew Keen, augmented reality, Ayatollah Khomeini, barriers to entry, Ben Horowitz, bioinformatics, blood diamond, Bretton Woods, business climate, business process, buy and hold, car-free, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Charles Lindbergh, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, clean water, Climategate, Climatic Research Unit, cloud computing, collaborative editing, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collateralized debt obligation, colonial rule, commoditize, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, death of newspapers, demographic transition, digital capitalism, digital divide, disruptive innovation, distributed generation, do well by doing good, don't be evil, en.wikipedia.org, energy security, energy transition, Evgeny Morozov, Exxon Valdez, failed state, fault tolerance, financial innovation, Galaxy Zoo, game design, global village, Google Earth, Hans Rosling, hive mind, Home mortgage interest deduction, information asymmetry, interchangeable parts, Internet of things, invention of movable type, Isaac Newton, James Watt: steam engine, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, medical bankruptcy, megacity, military-industrial complex, mortgage tax deduction, Netflix Prize, new economy, Nicholas Carr, ocean acidification, off-the-grid, oil shock, old-boy network, online collectivism, open borders, open economy, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer lending, personalized medicine, radical decentralization, Ray Kurzweil, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Rubik’s Cube, scientific mainstream, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart grid, smart meter, social graph, social web, software patent, Steve Jobs, synthetic biology, systems thinking, text mining, the long tail, the scientific method, The Wisdom of Crowds, transaction costs, transfer pricing, University of East Anglia, urban sprawl, value at risk, WikiLeaks, X Prize, Yochai Benkler, young professional, Zipcar

But the question we’re asking in this chapter is whether these developments are a prelude to an inevitable wave of democratization around the world—a wave generated by an explosive combination of youthful demographics, the spread of the Internet, and the lure of opportunity in the global economy. The evidence, to be sure, is mixed. “Tweets don’t overthrow governments; people do,” observes Evgeny Morozov in Foreign Policy magazine, noting that social networking sites can be both helpful and harmful to activists operating from inside authoritarian regimes.7 For example, Morozov points out that secret police increasingly gather incriminating evidence by scanning the photos and videos uploaded to Flickr and YouTube by protesters and their Western sympathizers.

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LEADERSHIP FOR TRANSFORMATION The list of potential fallouts from the digital age is long, as evidenced by this growing storm of concern about where the macro wiki world is taking us. “Many of the transnational networks fostered by the Internet arguably worsen—rather than improve—the world as we know it,” writes Evgeny Morozov in Foreign Policy magazine. He notes that at a recent gathering devoted to stamping out the illicit trade in endangered animals, the Internet was singled out as the main driver behind the increased global commerce in protected species. And “today’s Internet is a world where homophobic activists in Serbia are turning to Facebook to organize against gay rights, and where social conservatives in Saudi Arabia are setting up online equivalents of the Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice.”

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“Undermining Democracy: 21st Century Authoritarians,” Freedom House (June 2009). 5. James Gwartney and Robert Lawson, “Ten Consequences of Economic Freedom,” National Center for Policy Analysis (July 30, 2004). 6. We do know, however, that WikiLeaks was founded by an Australian (Julian Assange) who lives in East Africa. 7. Evgeny Morozov, “Think Again: The Internet,” Foreign Policy (May/June 2010). 8. Experts suggest that the differences between Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad are far less significant than what unites them. In the aftermath of their failed attempts to overturn the election results, many pro-democracy activists started to question whether Mousavi truly embraces their ideals.

The End of Power: From Boardrooms to Battlefields and Churches to States, Why Being in Charge Isn’t What It Used to Be by Moises Naim

"World Economic Forum" Davos, additive manufacturing, AOL-Time Warner, barriers to entry, Berlin Wall, bilateral investment treaty, business cycle, business process, business process outsourcing, call centre, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, clean water, collapse of Lehman Brothers, collective bargaining, colonial rule, conceptual framework, corporate governance, creative destruction, crony capitalism, deskilling, disinformation, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, financial deregulation, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, illegal immigration, immigration reform, income inequality, income per capita, intangible asset, intermodal, invisible hand, job-hopping, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, Lewis Mumford, liberation theology, Martin Wolf, mega-rich, megacity, military-industrial complex, Naomi Klein, Nate Silver, new economy, Northern Rock, Occupy movement, open borders, open economy, Peace of Westphalia, plutocrats, price mechanism, price stability, private military company, profit maximization, prosperity theology / prosperity gospel / gospel of success, radical decentralization, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Skype, Steve Jobs, The Nature of the Firm, Thomas Malthus, too big to fail, trade route, transaction costs, Twitter Arab Spring, vertical integration, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, World Values Survey, zero-sum game

And when in doubt, a government can simply turn off national Internet access (at least in large measure, as Egypt and Syria did when their dictators were challenged) or establish an elaborate system of filters and controls that reduces the flow of nonapproved online communication (as China has done with its “Great Firewall”). There are plenty of cases and counter-cases that illustrate the arguments of Internet optimists and techno-futurists like Clay Shirky as well as the counter-arguments of skeptics like Evgeny Morozov and Malcolm Gladwell. Thus, to understand why the barriers to power have become porous, we need to look at deeper transformations—to changes that began accumulating and accelerating even before the end of the Cold War or the spinning of the Web. The biggest challenges to power in our time have come from changes in the basics of life—in how we live, where we live, for how long and how well.

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Perhaps, a bit more meaningfully, they will make a small donation—for instance, $5 to the Red Cross after an earthquake or another natural disaster—by sending a text message to a designated phone number. That is not insignificant, but it doesn’t constitute the kind of risk-taking activism that propelled so many of the great social movements. Author Evgeny Morozov calls this new, low-involvement and low-impact participation “slacktivism.” It is, he says, “the ideal type of activism for a lazy generation: why bother with sit-ins and the risk of arrest, police brutality, or torture if one can be as loud campaigning in the virtual space?” The problem with slacktivism, he argues, is not so much that it is made up of tiny low-risk contributions—after all, each of these is genuine in some way; rather, there is a risk that the obsession with online petitions, numbers of followers, and “likes” will divert potential supporters and take resources away from organizations doing the higher-risk and higher-reward work: “Are the publicity gains . . . worth the organizational losses?”

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Thanks are due to those who over the long period of this book’s gestation gave me their time, shared their insights, critiqued my ideas, and in some cases, read and commented on early drafts of individual chapters: Mort Abramowitz, Jacques Attali, Ricardo Avila, Carlo de Benedetti, Paul Balaran, Andrew Burt, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Tom Carver, Elkyn Chaparro, Lourdes Cue, Wesley Clark, Tom Friedman, Lou Goodman, Victor Halberstadt, Ivan Krastev, Steven Kull, Ricardo Lagos, Sebastian Mallaby, Luis Alberto Moreno, Evgeny Morozov, Dick O’Neill, Minxin Pei, Maite Rico, Gianni Riotta, Klaus Schwab, Javier Solana, George Soros, Larry Summers, Gerver Torres, Martin Wolf, Robert Wright, Ernesto Zedillo, and Bob Zoellick. A special note of thanks goes to Professor Mario Chacón of New York University, who prepared the appendix, a detailed analysis of empirical data showing the manifestations of the decay of power in national politics worldwide.

The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information by Frank Pasquale

Adam Curtis, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic trading, Amazon Mechanical Turk, American Legislative Exchange Council, asset-backed security, Atul Gawande, bank run, barriers to entry, basic income, Bear Stearns, Berlin Wall, Bernie Madoff, Black Swan, bonus culture, Brian Krebs, business cycle, business logic, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Chelsea Manning, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, computerized markets, corporate governance, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, Debian, digital rights, don't be evil, drone strike, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, financial engineering, financial innovation, financial thriller, fixed income, Flash crash, folksonomy, full employment, Gabriella Coleman, Goldman Sachs: Vampire Squid, Google Earth, Hernando de Soto, High speed trading, hiring and firing, housing crisis, Ian Bogost, informal economy, information asymmetry, information retrieval, information security, interest rate swap, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Bogle, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, knowledge worker, Kodak vs Instagram, kremlinology, late fees, London Interbank Offered Rate, London Whale, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Michael Milken, mobile money, moral hazard, new economy, Nicholas Carr, offshore financial centre, PageRank, pattern recognition, Philip Mirowski, precariat, profit maximization, profit motive, public intellectual, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, reality distortion field, recommendation engine, regulatory arbitrage, risk-adjusted returns, Satyajit Das, Savings and loan crisis, search engine result page, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, social intelligence, Spread Networks laid a new fibre optics cable between New York and Chicago, statistical arbitrage, statistical model, Steven Levy, technological solutionism, the scientific method, too big to fail, transaction costs, two-sided market, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, value at risk, vertical integration, WikiLeaks, Yochai Benkler, zero-sum game

Note that in each case, Google, like the rating agencies discussed earlier, blamed public interpretation of the result rather than taking responsibility for it. 83. “Autocomplete,” Google. Available at https://support.google.com /web search /answer/106230. (It also specifies that Autocomplete cannot be turned off.) 84. Evgeny Morozov, “Don’t Be Evil,” The New Republic, July 30, 2011, http://www.newrepublic.com /article /books /magazine /91916/google-schmidt -obama-gates-technocrats. 85. Evan McMorris-Santoro, “Search Engine Expert: Rick Santorum’s New Crusade against Google Is Total Nonsense” (Sept. 2011). Talking Points Memo.

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Shumeet Baluja, The Silicon Jungle: A Novel of Deception, Power, and Internet Intrigue (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011). 124. Cathy O’Neil, “When Accurate Modeling Is Not Good,” Mathbabe (blog), December 12, 2012, http://mathbabe.org/2012/12/12/when-accurate -modeling-is-not-good/ (analyzing the work of a casino CEO concerned with predictive analytics). 125. Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011); Senator Dick Durbin, Letter to Mark Zuckerberg, February 2011. Available at http://www.durbin.senate.gov/public/index .cfm /files/serve?File _id=ec32a7a8-4671-4ab9-b5f4-9c0b9736deae. (“Facebook does not allow democracy and human rights activists in repressive regimes to use Facebook anonymously.”) 126.

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Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Orders (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012). 54. Cavan Sieczkowski, “SOPA Is Dead: Lamar Smith Withdraws Bill from the House,” International Business Times, January 20, 2012, http://www .ibtimes.com /sopa-dead-lamar-smith-withdraws-bill-house-398552. 55. Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: Public Affairs, 2013). 56. Julie Cohen, Configuring the Networked Self (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012). 57. Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets, 179–180; G. Richard Shell, Make the Rules or Your Rivals Will (Philadelphia: G.

The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It by Yascha Mounk

Abraham Maslow, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, An Inconvenient Truth, Andrew Keen, basic income, battle of ideas, Black Lives Matter, Boris Johnson, Branko Milanovic, Bretton Woods, business cycle, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carried interest, Cass Sunstein, central bank independence, centre right, classic study, clean water, cognitive bias, conceptual framework, critical race theory, David Brooks, deindustrialization, demographic transition, desegregation, disinformation, Donald Trump, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, gentrification, German hyperinflation, gig economy, Gini coefficient, Herbert Marcuse, Home mortgage interest deduction, housing crisis, income inequality, invention of the printing press, invention of the steam engine, investor state dispute settlement, Jeremy Corbyn, job automation, Joseph Schumpeter, land value tax, low skilled workers, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, microaggression, mortgage tax deduction, Naomi Klein, new economy, offshore financial centre, open borders, Parag Khanna, plutocrats, post-materialism, price stability, ride hailing / ride sharing, rising living standards, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Rutger Bregman, secular stagnation, sharing economy, Steve Bannon, Thomas L Friedman, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, universal basic income, upwardly mobile, World Values Survey, zero-sum game

In “Liberation Technology,” Diamond was at pains to stress that the new digital tools could be put to bad as well as good uses: “Just as radio and TV could be vehicles of information pluralism and rational debate, so they could also be commandeered by totalitarian regimes for fanatical mobilization and total state control,” he speculated.15 In the following years, skeptics from Evgeny Morozov to Cass Sunstein deepened Diamond’s critique. The biggest fans of Twitter and Facebook, Morozov argued, believed that these new technologies would reshape the local context, connecting erstwhile enemies and overcoming ancient hatreds. But in truth, the inverse would come closer to the truth: different local contexts would reshape the use of tools like Facebook, making them emancipatory in some contexts and strengthening autocratic rule—and inciting racial hatred—in others.16 The centrifugal forces unleashed by the internet were on Sunstein’s mind as well: Since social media sites allowed people to curate their own information sources, he suggested, they would give rise to “echo chambers” in which users would effectively surround themselves with others who are politically like-minded.

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Janbek, Global Terrorism and New Media: The Post-Al Qaeda Generation (New York: Routledge, 2011); Manuela Caiani and Linda Parenti, European and American Extreme Right Groups and the Internet (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2013; Routledge, 2016). 8. Larry Diamond, “Liberation Technology,” Journal of Democracy 21, no. 3 (2010), reprinted in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, ed., Liberation Technology: Social Media and the Struggle for Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 70. 9. Ibid., 74. 10. Quoted in Evgeny Morozov, Net Delusion (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011), 1. Sullivan was actually ahead of the curve, talking about the failed Green Revolution in Iran. See Andrew Sullivan, “The Revolution Will Be Twittered,” Atlantic, June 13, 2009, https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2009/06/the-revolution-will-be-twittered/200478/. 11.

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Conover, Emilio Ferrara, Filippo Menczer, and Alessandro Flammini, “The Digital Evolution of Occupy Wall Street,” PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (2013); and Munmun De Choudhury, Shagun Jhaver, Benjamin Sugar, and Ingmar Weber, “Social Media Participation in an Activist Movement for Racial Equality,” paper presented at the Tenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Cologne, May 2016. 14. Thomas L. Friedman, “The Square People, Part 1,” New York Times, May 13, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/14/opinion/friedman-the-square-people-part-1.html. 15. Diamond, “Liberation Technology,” 71. 16. See for example Morozov, Net Delusion; and Evgeny Morozov, “Whither Internet Control?” in Liberation Technology, ed. Diamond and Plattner. 17. See Cass R. Sunstein, Republic.com 2.0. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009); Elanor Colleoni, Alessandro Rozza, and Adam Arvidsson, “Echo Chamber or Public Sphere? Predicting Political Orientation and Measuring Political Homophily in Twitter Using Big Data,” Journal of Communication 64, no. 2 (2014): 317–332; and Walter Quattrociocchi, Antonio Scala, and Cass R.

The Formula: How Algorithms Solve All Our Problems-And Create More by Luke Dormehl

3D printing, algorithmic bias, algorithmic trading, Alvin Toffler, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, augmented reality, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, call centre, Cass Sunstein, classic study, Clayton Christensen, commoditize, computer age, death of newspapers, deferred acceptance, disruptive innovation, Edward Lorenz: Chaos theory, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Filter Bubble, Flash crash, Florence Nightingale: pie chart, Ford Model T, Frank Levy and Richard Murnane: The New Division of Labor, fulfillment center, Google Earth, Google Glasses, High speed trading, Internet Archive, Isaac Newton, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, Kodak vs Instagram, Lewis Mumford, lifelogging, machine readable, machine translation, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, Nate Silver, natural language processing, Netflix Prize, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Paradox of Choice, pattern recognition, price discrimination, recommendation engine, Richard Thaler, Rosa Parks, scientific management, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Slavoj Žižek, social graph, speech recognition, stable marriage problem, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Steven Pinker, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, technological solutionism, TED Talk, the long tail, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, upwardly mobile, Wall-E, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, Y Combinator

Coughlan’s suggestion of “aural pill-popping” raises a number of questions—not least whether the value of art is simply as a creative substitute for mind-altering drugs. We might feel calm looking at Mark Rothko’s Untitled (Green on Blue) painting, for example, but does this relegate it to the artistic equivalent of Valium? In his book To Save Everything, Click Here, Belarusian technology scholar Evgeny Morozov takes this utilitarian idea to task. Suppose, Morozov says, that Google (selecting one company that has made clear its ambitions to quantify everything) knows that we are not at our happiest after receiving a sad phone call from an ex-girlfriend. If art equals pleasure—and the quickest way to achieve pleasure is to look at a great painting—then Google knows that what we need more than anything for a quick pick-me-up is to see a painting by Impressionist painter Renoir: Well, Google doesn’t exactly “know” it; it knows only that you are missing 124 units of “art” and that, according to Google’s own measurement system, Renoir’s paintings happen to average in the 120s.

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Dick’s “minority reports” referenced in Chapter 3, if the algorithm proves fallible then tugging on this thread could have catastrophic results. “Google’s spiritual deferral to ‘algorithmic neutrality’ betrays the company’s growing unease with being the world’s most important information gatekeeper,” writes Evgeny Morozov in his book The Net Delusion. “Its founders prefer to treat technology as an autonomous and fully objective force rather than spending sleepless nights worrying about inherent biases in how their systems—systems that have grown so complex that no Google engineer fully understands them—operate.”25 A narrative thread often explored in books and articles about Google is the degree to which Google’s rise has helped speed up the decline of traditional news outlets, like newspapers.

Pax Technica: How the Internet of Things May Set Us Free or Lock Us Up by Philip N. Howard

Aaron Swartz, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, blood diamond, Bretton Woods, Brian Krebs, British Empire, butter production in bangladesh, call centre, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, clean water, cloud computing, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, digital map, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, Firefox, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, Google Earth, Hacker News, Howard Rheingold, income inequality, informal economy, information security, Internet of things, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Kibera, Kickstarter, land reform, M-Pesa, Marshall McLuhan, megacity, Mikhail Gorbachev, mobile money, Mohammed Bouazizi, national security letter, Nelson Mandela, Network effects, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, packet switching, pension reform, prediction markets, sentiment analysis, Silicon Valley, Skype, spectrum auction, statistical model, Stuxnet, Tactical Technology Collective, technological determinism, trade route, Twitter Arab Spring, undersea cable, uranium enrichment, WikiLeaks, zero day

Rather than bringing clarity to our understanding of where global politics is headed, technology pundits have made complex trends even more confusing. Malcolm Gladwell declared that political conversations don’t count for much unless they are face to face, something recently deposed dictators, recently elected politicians, and active citizens would dispute with personal experience. Media pundit Evgeny Morozov has excoriated the U.S. State Department for spending taxpayer dollars on technology initiatives, even though the number of groups grateful for the affordances of new technology tools grows year by year.19 Gladwell’s essential claim is that social-movement organizing can employ different technologies.

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“Hack into Child Porn Sites Instead, DOJ Urges Hacktivists,” GMA News Online, October 10, 2012, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/277629/scitech/technology/hack-into-child-porn-sites-instead-doj-urges-hacktivists. 19. Malcolm Gladwell, “Small Change,” New Yorker, October 4, 2010, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-3; Evgeny Morozov, “The Folly of Kindle Diplomacy,” Slate, June 21, 2012, http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2012/06/state_department_s_amazon_kindle_plan_won_t_help_dissidents_.html; Gina Neff and Peter Nagy, “Imagined Affordances: Reconstructing a Keyword for Technology Studies,” Center for Media, Data, and Society, Central European University, Working Paper 2014.2, September 2014, accessed September 30, 2014. 20.

Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong About the Future of Transportation by Paris Marx

2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, An Inconvenient Truth, autonomous vehicles, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bike sharing, Californian Ideology, car-free, carbon credits, carbon footprint, cashless society, clean tech, cloud computing, colonial exploitation, computer vision, congestion pricing, corporate governance, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, DARPA: Urban Challenge, David Graeber, deep learning, degrowth, deindustrialization, deskilling, Didi Chuxing, digital map, digital rights, Donald Shoup, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, Elaine Herzberg, Elon Musk, energy transition, Evgeny Morozov, Extinction Rebellion, extractivism, Fairchild Semiconductor, Ford Model T, frictionless, future of work, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, George Gilder, gig economy, gigafactory, global pandemic, global supply chain, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, green new deal, Greyball, high-speed rail, Hyperloop, independent contractor, Induced demand, intermodal, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, jitney, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, knowledge worker, late capitalism, Leo Hollis, lockdown, low interest rates, Lyft, Marc Benioff, market fundamentalism, minimum viable product, Mother of all demos, move fast and break things, Murray Bookchin, new economy, oil shock, packet switching, Pacto Ecosocial del Sur, Peter Thiel, pre–internet, price mechanism, private spaceflight, quantitative easing, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Nader, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, safety bicycle, Salesforce, School Strike for Climate, self-driving car, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, smart cities, social distancing, Southern State Parkway, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Stop de Kindermoord, streetcar suburb, tech billionaire, tech worker, techlash, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, TikTok, transit-oriented development, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, Unsafe at Any Speed, urban planning, urban renewal, VTOL, walkable city, We are as Gods, We wanted flying cars, instead we got 140 characters, WeWork, Whole Earth Catalog, Whole Earth Review, work culture , Yom Kippur War, young professional

These white men of middle-class and even wealthy backgrounds who were able to reap the benefits of the economic growth in the latter half of the twentieth century did not give much thought as to whether the policies and ideas of progress that worked for them would also deliver for the whole of the working class, particularly women and people of color, who had much higher barriers to gain access to the wealth creation of that period. That continues to be a problem in the present day, with a tech industry that continually fails to diversify and where the women and people of color who do reach higher positions often do not challenge the entrenched worldview that benefits wealthy executives of any background. Tech critic Evgeny Morozov argued that the approach of these powerful figures creates a quest for technofixes that do not address the real problems we face. He called this “technological solutionism” and defined it as “an unhealthy preoccupation with sexy, monumental, and narrow-minded solutions—the kind of stuff that wows audiences at TED Conferences—to problems that are extremely complex, fluid, and contentious.”34 Part of the problem is that the executives, venture capitalists, and other important figures associated with the tech industry do not take the time to understand the real problems they claim to seek to solve, and instead make assumptions about serious issues and their root causes to legitimize preconceived technological solutions.

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Private Sector Myths, Anthem Press, 2013. 29 Carmen Hermosillo, “Pandora’s Vox: On Community in Cyberspace,” 1994, Gist.github.com. 30 Jennifer S. Light, “Developing the Virtual Landscape,” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 14:2, 1996, p. 127. 31 Ibid., pp. 127–9. 32 Benjamin Peters, “A Network Is Not a Network,” in Your Computer Is on Fire, MIT Press, 2020, p. 87. 33 Ibid., p. 85. 34 Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism, PublicAffairs, 2013, p. 6. 35 Ibid., p. 5. 36 Jarrett Walker, “The Dangers of Elite Projection,” Human Transit (blog), July 31, 2017, Humantransit.org. 37 Adrian Daub, What Tech Calls Thinking: An Inquiry into the Intellectual Bedrock of Silicon Valley, FSG Originals, 2020, p. 36. 38 Luis F.

Fancy Bear Goes Phishing: The Dark History of the Information Age, in Five Extraordinary Hacks by Scott J. Shapiro

3D printing, 4chan, active measures, address space layout randomization, air gap, Airbnb, Alan Turing: On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, availability heuristic, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, blockchain, borderless world, Brian Krebs, business logic, call centre, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, cellular automata, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, commoditize, Compatible Time-Sharing System, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, coronavirus, COVID-19, CRISPR, cryptocurrency, cyber-physical system, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, Debian, Dennis Ritchie, disinformation, Donald Trump, double helix, Dr. Strangelove, dumpster diving, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, evil maid attack, facts on the ground, false flag, feminist movement, Gabriella Coleman, gig economy, Hacker News, independent contractor, information security, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invisible hand, John Markoff, John von Neumann, Julian Assange, Ken Thompson, Larry Ellison, Laura Poitras, Linda problem, loss aversion, macro virus, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, Minecraft, Morris worm, Multics, PalmPilot, Paul Graham, pirate software, pre–internet, QWERTY keyboard, Ralph Nader, RAND corporation, ransomware, Reflections on Trusting Trust, Richard Stallman, Richard Thaler, Ronald Reagan, Satoshi Nakamoto, security theater, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Skype, SoftBank, SQL injection, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, supply-chain attack, surveillance capitalism, systems thinking, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, tech worker, technological solutionism, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the new new thing, the payments system, Turing machine, Turing test, Unsafe at Any Speed, vertical integration, Von Neumann architecture, Wargames Reagan, WarGames: Global Thermonuclear War, Wayback Machine, web application, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, young professional, zero day, éminence grise

“my family, my friends”: Partial Transcript of Imposition, 16. yes or no: Partial Transcript of Imposition, 18. “I want to thank the FBI”: Partial Transcript of Imposition, 19. “picked a better role model”: Partial Transcript of Imposition, 21. Conclusion: The Death of Solutionism Evgeny Morozov: Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (Washington, DC: PublicAffairs, 2013). “Africa? There’s an App”: “Africa? There’s an App for That,” Wired, August 7, 2012, https://web.archive.org/web/20120807145838/https://www.wired. co.uk/news/archive/2012-08/07/africa-app-store-apple.

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If the upcode lets many users have access to confidential information, grants them rights to change sensitive databases, or puts evil maids in reach of their bosses’ cell phones, it does not matter how good the technology is. Without good upcode, good downcode is useless. CONCLUSION: THE DEATH OF SOLUTIONISM The critic Evgeny Morozov has called the idea that technology can and will solve our social problems “solutionism.” The solutionist response to famines is irrigation systems. To global warming, reengineering the environment by, say, seeding the oceans with CO2-absorbing algae. Nuclear disasters? Construct remote-controlled drones to maintain reactors and remove any accidental fallout.

Likewar: The Weaponization of Social Media by Peter Warren Singer, Emerson T. Brooking

4chan, active measures, Airbnb, augmented reality, barriers to entry, battle of ideas, Bellingcat, Bernie Sanders, Black Lives Matter, British Empire, Cambridge Analytica, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, Comet Ping Pong, content marketing, crony capitalism, crowdsourcing, data science, deep learning, digital rights, disinformation, disintermediation, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, false flag, Filter Bubble, global reserve currency, Google Glasses, Hacker Conference 1984, Hacker News, illegal immigration, information security, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invention of movable type, it is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it, Jacob Silverman, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, lateral thinking, lolcat, Mark Zuckerberg, megacity, Menlo Park, meta-analysis, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Mohammed Bouazizi, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, moral panic, new economy, offshore financial centre, packet switching, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parag Khanna, pattern recognition, Plato's cave, post-materialism, Potemkin village, power law, pre–internet, profit motive, RAND corporation, reserve currency, sentiment analysis, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Snapchat, social web, South China Sea, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, systems thinking, too big to fail, trade route, Twitter Arab Spring, UNCLOS, UNCLOS, Upton Sinclair, Valery Gerasimov, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, yellow journalism, Yochai Benkler

Each time the autocrats reacted violently, they created new online martyrs, whose deaths sparked further outrage. Everywhere, it seemed, freedom was on the march, driven by what Roger Cohen of the New York Times extolled as “the liberating power of social media.” Yet not everyone felt so sure. The loudest dissenter was Evgeny Morozov. Born in 1984 in the former Soviet bloc nation of Belarus, Morozov had been raised in an environment where a strongman had clung to power for nearly three decades. Like others his age, Morozov had enthusiastically embraced the internet as a new means to strike back against authoritarianism. “Blogs, social networks, wikis,” he remembered.

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“Our hope was at the least, there would be a balance between the two,” Arquilla told us, with the benefit of twenty years’ reflection. “I think what we’ve seen is a greater prevalence of the darker side of Janus. I’m troubled to see that.” There was no exact moment when the balance shifted. For disenchanted activists like the Belarusian Evgeny Morozov, it came when dictators learned to use the internet to strengthen their regimes. For us, the moment came when we saw how ISIS militants used the internet not just to sow terror across the globe, but to win its battles in the field. For Putin’s government, it came when the Russian military reorganized itself to strike back against what it perceived as a Western information offensive.

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,” Time, January 24, 2011, http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2044142,00.html. 85 Mubarak’s resignation: Leila Fadel, “With Peace, Egyptians Overthrow a Dictator,” Washington Post, February 11, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/11/AR2011021105709.html. 85 “just give them”: Jeffrey Ghannam, “In the Middle East, This Is Not a Facebook Revolution,” Washington Post, February 20, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021806964.html. 85 “I want to meet”: Sajid Farooq, “Organizer of ‘Revolution 2.0’ Wants to Meet Mark Zuckerberg,” NBC Bay Area, March 5, 2011, https://www.nbcbayarea.com/blogs/press-here/Egypts-Revolution-20-Organizer-Wants-to-Thank-Mark-Zuckerberg-115924344.html. 85 naming his firstborn: Alexia Tsotsis, “To Celebrate the #Jan25 Revolution, Egyptian Names His Firstborn ‘Facebook,’” TechCrunch, February 20, 2011, https://techcrunch.com/2011/02/19/facebook-egypt-newborn/. 85 the Arab Spring: Kentaro Toyama, “Malcolm Gladwell Is Right: Facebook, Social Media and the Real Story of Political Change,” Salon, June 6, 2015, http://www.salon.com/2015/06/06/malcolm_gladwell_is_right_facebook_social_media_and_the_real_story_of_political_change/. 86 “organize without organizations”: Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations (Penguin, 2008). 86 “the liberating power”: Roger Cohen, “Revolutionary Arab Geeks,” New York Times, January 27, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/28/opinion/28iht-edcohen28.html. 86 “We had an arsenal”: Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (PublicAffairs, 2011), loc. 250, Kindle. 86 “an enthusiastic belief”: Ibid., loc. 223–31. 87 Liu was a new arrival: Charles Liu, “Chinese Guy, Angry at Embarrassing Photos Circulating Online, Tries to Destroy Internet, “Nanfang, August 26, 2016, https://thenanfang.com/man-tries-prevent-online-humiliation-destroying-public-internet-routers/. 87 Liu was sent to prison: “The Man Was Sneered by the Jump Square Dance Maliciously Disrupting the Communications Cable,” trans.

We Are Data: Algorithms and the Making of Our Digital Selves by John Cheney-Lippold

algorithmic bias, bioinformatics, business logic, Cass Sunstein, centre right, computer vision, critical race theory, dark matter, data science, digital capitalism, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, Filter Bubble, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Hans Moravec, Ian Bogost, informal economy, iterative process, James Bridle, Jaron Lanier, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, late capitalism, Laura Poitras, lifelogging, Lyft, machine readable, machine translation, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, mass incarceration, Mercator projection, meta-analysis, Nick Bostrom, Norbert Wiener, offshore financial centre, pattern recognition, price discrimination, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rosa Parks, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Snapchat, software studies, statistical model, Steven Levy, technological singularity, technoutopianism, the scientific method, Thomas Bayes, Toyota Production System, Turing machine, uber lyft, web application, WikiLeaks, Zimmermann PGP

Through obfuscation, we recruit Jisuk Woo’s idea of nonidentification not as a right but as a practice of overdetermining our potential algorithmic assignments. Obfuscation serves as a practical addendum that reconciles privacy’s original rationale, the “right to be let alone,” with our contemporary shift toward what technology critic Evgeny Morozov has described as the “tyranny of algorithms.”92 And it is to follow writer Richard W. Severson’s offering that “we must learn to think of personal data as an extension of the self and treat it with the same respect we would a living individual. To do otherwise runs the risk of undermining the privacy that makes self-determination possible.”93 In the balance of this chapter, I investigate how the practice of Woo’s nonidentification might operate, what it looks like, and what that means for privacy in general.

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Jeff Weintraub and Krishan Kumar (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 3. 89. Paul Schwartz, “Privacy and Democracy in Cyberspace,” Vanderbilt Law Review 52 (1999): 1607–1702. 90. Julie E. Cohen, Configuring the Networked Self: Law, Code, and the Play of Everyday Practice (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012). 91. Ibid., 114. 92. Evgeny Morozov, “The Tyranny of Algorithms,” Wall Street Journal, September 20, 2012, www.wsj.com. 93. Richard W. Severson, The Principles of Information Ethics (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1997), 67–68. 94. Galloway, Interface Effect, 143. 95. National Security Agency, “Types of IAT—Advanced Open Source Multi-Hop,” 2012, https://www.aclu.org. 96.

The Smart Wife: Why Siri, Alexa, and Other Smart Home Devices Need a Feminist Reboot by Yolande Strengers, Jenny Kennedy

active measures, Amazon Robotics, Anthropocene, autonomous vehicles, Big Tech, Boston Dynamics, cloud computing, cognitive load, computer vision, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, crowdsourcing, cyber-physical system, data science, deepfake, Donald Trump, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, feminist movement, game design, gender pay gap, Grace Hopper, hive mind, Ian Bogost, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, Kitchen Debate, knowledge economy, Masayoshi Son, Milgram experiment, Minecraft, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, pattern recognition, planned obsolescence, precautionary principle, robot derives from the Czech word robota Czech, meaning slave, self-driving car, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, side project, Silicon Valley, smart grid, smart meter, social intelligence, SoftBank, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, systems thinking, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, Turing test, Wall-E, Wayback Machine, women in the workforce

, is frequently enrolled in reinforcing traditional gender roles in the home, and in one of the twisted ironies of everyday life, may actually create more work for men. A Smarter Clean? One of the ongoing criticisms leveled at the smart home market by industry commentators is that it’s a “solution in search of problem.”20 Evgeny Morozov, an influential technology commentator and author of To Save Everything, Click Here, calls this “solutionism” and notes that it extends far beyond the smart home industry.21 Similarly, data journalist academic Meredith Broussard is concerned about the rise of “technochauvinism,” referring to the belief that tech always provides the best solution.22 The pursuit of the “killer app” that is going to push the sector toward the mainstream continues to occupy the attention of smart tech designers and enthusiasts.

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Julie Wosk, My Fair Ladies: Female Robots, Androids, and Other Artificial Eves (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2015). 20. Galen Gruman, “Home Automation Is a Solution in Search of a Problem,” InfoWorld, December 2, 2014, https://www.infoworld.com/article/2853026/internet-of-things/home-automation-is-still-mostly-a-solution-in-search-of-a-problem.html. 21. Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013). 22. Meredith Broussard, Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018), 8. 23. Drew Harwell, “Why Whirlpool’s Smart Washing Machine Was a Dumb Idea,” Sydney Morning Herald, November 2, 2014, https://www.smh.com.au/technology/why-whirlpools-smart-washing-machine-was-a-dumb-idea-20141102-11flym.html. 24.

In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives by Steven Levy

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, AltaVista, Andy Rubin, Anne Wojcicki, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, autonomous vehicles, Bill Atkinson, book scanning, Brewster Kahle, Burning Man, business process, clean water, cloud computing, crowdsourcing, Dean Kamen, discounted cash flows, don't be evil, Donald Knuth, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Dutch auction, El Camino Real, Evgeny Morozov, fault tolerance, Firefox, General Magic , Gerard Salton, Gerard Salton, Google bus, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Googley, high-speed rail, HyperCard, hypertext link, IBM and the Holocaust, informal economy, information retrieval, Internet Archive, Jeff Bezos, John Markoff, Ken Thompson, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, large language model, machine translation, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, one-China policy, optical character recognition, PageRank, PalmPilot, Paul Buchheit, Potemkin village, prediction markets, Project Xanadu, recommendation engine, risk tolerance, Rubik’s Cube, Sand Hill Road, Saturday Night Live, search inside the book, second-price auction, selection bias, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, SimCity, skunkworks, Skype, slashdot, social graph, social software, social web, spectrum auction, speech recognition, statistical model, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, subscription business, Susan Wojcicki, Ted Nelson, telemarketer, The future is already here, the long tail, trade route, traveling salesman, turn-by-turn navigation, undersea cable, Vannevar Bush, web application, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator

The definitive book on Facebook is David Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010). 372 Oddly, Orkut became Loren Baker, “Google’s Page and Brin Visit Brazil,” Search Engine Journal, February 9, 2006. 374 The company was run Paul Festa, “Blogger Founder Leaves Google,” CNET, October 4, 2004. 378 a February 10 posting Nicholas Carlson, “Warning: Google Buzz Has a Huge Privacy Flaw,” Business Insider, February 10, 2010. 378 Brin boasted Miguel Helft and Brad Stone, “With Buzz, Google Plunges into Social Networking,” The New York Times, February 9, 2010. 379 A domestic violence victim “Outraged Blogger Is Automatically Being Followed by Her Abusive Ex-Husband on Google Buzz,” Business Insider, February 12, 2010. 379 Foreign Policy’s Evgeny Morozov Evgeny Morozov, “Wrong Kind of Buzz Around Google Buzz,” www.Foreignpolicy.com (Net.effect blog), February 11, 2010. 379 “not seen the user adoption we would have liked” Urs Hölzle, “Update on Google Wave,” Official Google Blog, August 4, 2010. 380 “The algorithm is” Steven Levy, “Inside Google’s Algorithm,” Wired, March 2010. 383 Eric Schmidt was giddily Schmidt made his comments at an August 4, 2010, press roundtable. 384 Working with one Alan Davidson, “A Joint Policy Proposal for an Open Internet,” Google Public Policy Blog, August 9, 2010.

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“The on-boarding [dogfood] process is not like doing it in the wild, and the social network of 20,000 Googlers is not like being on the Internet. That process failed us.” The outcry was instant and loud. A domestic violence victim complained that Buzz had exposed her blog comments and reading habits to her abusive former spouse, revealing information that hinted at her whereabouts. Foreign Policy’s Evgeny Morozov suggested in a blog post that Iranian and Chinese government goon squads might instantly check Buzz accounts of dissidents to analyze their connections. Even Google’s former policy head Andrew McLaughlin wrote—in a Buzz post!—that “Google exposes the people you email most by default, to the world.

Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right by Angela Nagle

4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, affirmative action, anti-communist, battle of ideas, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, capitalist realism, citizen journalism, crony capitalism, death of newspapers, DIY culture, Donald Trump, Evgeny Morozov, feminist movement, Gabriella Coleman, game design, Hacker Ethic, Herbert Marcuse, hive mind, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Kickstarter, lolcat, mass immigration, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, Norman Mailer, Occupy movement, Oklahoma City bombing, open borders, Overton Window, post-industrial society, pre–internet, Ronald Reagan, sexual politics, Silicon Valley, Social Justice Warrior, Steve Bannon, The Wisdom of Crowds, WikiLeaks

Those on the left who fetishized the spontaneous leaderless Internet-centric network, declaring all other forms of doing politics old hat, failed to realize that the leaderless form actually told us little about the philosophical, moral or conceptual content of the movements involved. Into the vacuum of ‘leaderlessness’ almost anything could appear. No matter how networked, ‘transgressive’, social media savvy or non-hierarchical a movement may be, it is the content of its ideas that matter just as much as at any point in history, as Evgeny Morozov cautioned at the time. The online environment has undoubtedly allowed fringe ideas and movements to grow rapidly in influence and while these were left leaning it was tempting for politically sympathetic commentators to see it as a shiny new seductive shortcut to transcending our ‘end of history’.

Smarter Than You Think: How Technology Is Changing Our Minds for the Better by Clive Thompson

4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Andy Carvin, augmented reality, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Benjamin Mako Hill, butterfly effect, citizen journalism, Claude Shannon: information theory, compensation consultant, conceptual framework, context collapse, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, Deng Xiaoping, digital rights, discovery of penicillin, disruptive innovation, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, drone strike, Edward Glaeser, Edward Thorp, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, experimental subject, Filter Bubble, folksonomy, Freestyle chess, Galaxy Zoo, Google Earth, Google Glasses, Gunnar Myrdal, guns versus butter model, Henri Poincaré, hindsight bias, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, Ian Bogost, information retrieval, iterative process, James Bridle, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, knowledge worker, language acquisition, lifelogging, lolcat, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Menlo Park, Netflix Prize, Nicholas Carr, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, patent troll, pattern recognition, pre–internet, public intellectual, Richard Feynman, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, Rubik’s Cube, sentiment analysis, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, Socratic dialogue, spaced repetition, superconnector, telepresence, telepresence robot, The future is already here, The Nature of the Firm, the scientific method, the strength of weak ties, The Wisdom of Crowds, theory of mind, transaction costs, Twitter Arab Spring, Two Sigma, Vannevar Bush, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, WikiLeaks, X Prize, éminence grise

Rather than simply ban all digital communications, they realize, why not leave it partially open? Then dissidents will engage in public thinking and networking, which is a great way to keep tabs on them. “Before the advent of social media, it took a lot of effort for repressive governments to learn about the people dissidents are associated with,” as the writer Evgeny Morozov notes in The Net Delusion. Despots also love the permanence of digital memory. The KGB stamped “” (“to be preserved forever”) on the files it kept on activists. Even sousveillance can become a double-edged sword, with videos and photos of protests—shot by activists themselves—offering governments tidy documentation of precisely whom to arrest.

…

The students were exultant: Mark McDonald, “A Violent New Tremor in China’s Heartland,” The New York Times, July 4, 2012, accessed March 26, 2013, rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/04/a-violent-new-tremor-in-chinas-heartland/; “Han Han Praises Young Protesters in Sichuan,” Want China Times, July 6, 2012, accessed March 26, 2013, www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?cid=1103&MainCatID=&id=20120706000007. “It is a mystery to me”: Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 306. have long credited samizdat publishing: Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2012), xi–xii, 7, 34–36, 48–50, 64. “The Goliath of totalitarian control”: “Reagan: Take Risk on Arms Control,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 14, 1989, accessed March 26, 2013, news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19890614&id=OelRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4965,3945114.

New Laws of Robotics: Defending Human Expertise in the Age of AI by Frank Pasquale

affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, algorithmic bias, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Anthropocene, augmented reality, Automated Insights, autonomous vehicles, basic income, battle of ideas, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Bill Joy: nanobots, bitcoin, blockchain, Brexit referendum, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, carbon tax, citizen journalism, Clayton Christensen, collective bargaining, commoditize, computer vision, conceptual framework, contact tracing, coronavirus, corporate social responsibility, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, critical race theory, cryptocurrency, data is the new oil, data science, decarbonisation, deep learning, deepfake, deskilling, digital divide, digital twin, disinformation, disruptive innovation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, effective altruism, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Filter Bubble, finite state, Flash crash, future of work, gamification, general purpose technology, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, Great Leap Forward, green new deal, guns versus butter model, Hans Moravec, high net worth, hiring and firing, holacracy, Ian Bogost, independent contractor, informal economy, information asymmetry, information retrieval, interchangeable parts, invisible hand, James Bridle, Jaron Lanier, job automation, John Markoff, Joi Ito, Khan Academy, knowledge economy, late capitalism, lockdown, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, medical malpractice, megaproject, meta-analysis, military-industrial complex, Modern Monetary Theory, Money creation, move fast and break things, mutually assured destruction, natural language processing, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, Norbert Wiener, nuclear winter, obamacare, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), open immigration, OpenAI, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, paperclip maximiser, paradox of thrift, pattern recognition, payday loans, personalized medicine, Peter Singer: altruism, Philip Mirowski, pink-collar, plutocrats, post-truth, pre–internet, profit motive, public intellectual, QR code, quantitative easing, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, regulatory arbitrage, Robert Shiller, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, sentiment analysis, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Singularitarianism, smart cities, smart contracts, software is eating the world, South China Sea, Steve Bannon, Strategic Defense Initiative, surveillance capitalism, Susan Wojcicki, tacit knowledge, TaskRabbit, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, telepresence, telerobotics, The Future of Employment, The Turner Diaries, Therac-25, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, Turing test, universal basic income, unorthodox policies, wage slave, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, working poor, workplace surveillance , Works Progress Administration, zero day

It also forces so-called mere platforms to take on the responsibilities of the media role they are now playing. There are also concrete examples of ambitious curation projects arising, to provide higher quality (if less rapid and comprehensive) perspectives on the news, or key topics of interest to readers. For example, technology critic Evgeny Morozov leads a team of analysts who publish The Syllabus, a web-based collection of carefully chosen media in dozens of interest areas (from health to culture, politics to business). Echoing the commitment to complementarity expressed in the first new law of robotics, they promise a “novel and eclectic method that pairs humans and algorithms to discover only the best and the most relevant information.”43 A cynic may scoff at The Syllabus’s aspiration to organize vast sets of information more effectively than the wizards of Silicon Valley.

…

Fisher Price, “Think & Learn Code-a-pillar,” https://www.fisher-price.com/en-us/product/think-learn-code-a-pillar-twist-gfp25; KinderLab Robotics, “Kibo,” http://kinderlabrobotics.com/kibo/; Nathan Olivares-Giles, “Toys That Teach the Basics of Coding,” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/toys-that-teach-the-basics-of-coding-1440093255. 63. Darling, “Extending Legal Protection to Social Robots.” 64. A. Michael Froomkin and P. Zak Colangelo, “Self-Defense against Robots and Drones,” Connecticut Law Review 48 (2015): 1–70. 65. Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: Public Affairs, 2013). 66. Sherry Turkle, “A Nascent Robotics Culture: New Complicities for Companionship,” in Annual Editions: Computers in Society 10 / 11, ed. Paul De Palma, 16th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010), chapter 37. 67.

The Great Firewall of China by James Griffiths;

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Albert Einstein, anti-communist, bike sharing, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, borderless world, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Chelsea Manning, Citizen Lab, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, digital rights, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, gig economy, Great Leap Forward, high-speed rail, jimmy wales, John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow, Mark Zuckerberg, megacity, megaproject, microaggression, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mitch Kapor, mobile money, Occupy movement, pets.com, profit motive, QR code, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, ride hailing / ride sharing, Ronald Reagan, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Skype, Snapchat, South China Sea, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Stuxnet, technoutopianism, The future is already here, undersea cable, WikiLeaks, zero day

Bush national security adviser Mark Pfeifle even argued for Twitter to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.47 While it is undeniable that Twitter helped connect millions of people in the West with protests they might not otherwise have been that invested in or informed about, its actual effect on the ground was negligible. As journalist Evgeny Morozov wrote in a damning takedown of the ‘Twitter Revolution’ myth, on the eve of the protests, less than 0.027 per cent of the population was on Twitter, and many of the most popular ‘Iranian’ Twitter accounts during the uprising were people tweeting from the diaspora, sharing information sent to them by relatives and friends on the ground.

…

I would be remiss not to mention several works in particular without which this book would not exist: Bad Elements by Ian Buruma; Who Controls the Internet? by Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu; Consent of the Networked by Rebecca MacKinnon; The Red Web by Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan; and The Net Delusion by Evgeny Morozov; as well as the reporting of David Bandurski, Gady Epstein and Paul Mozur. That anyone is willing to speak to a journalist, let alone for extended periods of time, sometimes at potential risk to themselves, is a constant surprise and encouragement. Huge thanks to everyone who agreed to be interviewed for this book: in particular, Badiucao, Li Hongkuan, Dan Haig, Jewher Ilham, Stella Nyanzi and others who shared their stories and lives with me.

The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism by Nick Couldry, Ulises A. Mejias

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, behavioural economics, Big Tech, British Empire, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, Cass Sunstein, choice architecture, cloud computing, colonial rule, computer vision, corporate governance, dark matter, data acquisition, data is the new oil, data science, deep learning, different worldview, digital capitalism, digital divide, discovery of the americas, disinformation, diversification, driverless car, Edward Snowden, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, European colonialism, Evgeny Morozov, extractivism, fake news, Gabriella Coleman, gamification, gig economy, global supply chain, Google Chrome, Google Earth, hiring and firing, income inequality, independent contractor, information asymmetry, Infrastructure as a Service, intangible asset, Internet of things, Jaron Lanier, job automation, Kevin Kelly, late capitalism, lifelogging, linked data, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, means of production, military-industrial complex, move fast and break things, multi-sided market, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, PageRank, pattern recognition, payday loans, Philip Mirowski, profit maximization, Ray Kurzweil, RFID, Richard Stallman, Richard Thaler, Salesforce, scientific management, Scientific racism, Second Machine Age, sharing economy, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, smart cities, Snapchat, social graph, social intelligence, software studies, sovereign wealth fund, surveillance capitalism, techlash, The Future of Employment, the scientific method, Thomas Davenport, Tim Cook: Apple, trade liberalization, trade route, undersea cable, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois, wages for housework, work culture , workplace surveillance

It is this shift that makes data colonialism such a threat to human life, for as Leanne Betasamosake Simpson argues, “The act of extraction removes all of the relationships that give whatever is being extracted meaning.”19 Life, extracted through data relations, acquires a devalued meaning and becomes a mere factor in capitalist production. Warnings about the perils of data extractivism are not new, as Evgeny Morozov reminds us.20 But we can now be more specific about how this process unfolds through a series of extractive rationalities that further justify exploitation, including • economic rationalities that frame the data we produce and the labor we contribute as valueless because they are generated through socialization and not paid work and therefore are available for capitalization by other parties; • legal rationalities that, as Julie Cohen argues,21 frame data as ownerless, redefining notions of privacy and property in order to establish a new moral order that justifies the appropriation of data; • developmental rationalities that present data colonialism as a civilizational project, carried out on behalf of underdeveloped subjects in the name of progress and safety; • cultural rationalities that promote “sharing” while lowering the value of privacy and raising the value of competitive self-presentation; and • technical rationalities that frame data appropriation as a legitimate goal of science, entrepreneurship, and human creativity.

…

Tweet by Mark Andreessen (@pmarca), cited in Bowles, “Zuckerberg Chides.” 2. Kuchler, “The Man”; and Doctorow, “Demanding Better.” 3. Ball, “Facebook Scandal”; and Financial Times, “Four Simple Questions.” For a book that caught the moment, see Lanier, Ten Arguments. 4. To repurpose the term coined by Herzfeld, “Absent Presence.” 5. We agree with Evgeny Morozov that hopes of a breakup of Facebook or Google ignore such geopolitical realities (tweet by @evgenymorozov, April 12, 2018). 6. Kelly, Inevitable. 7. Noble, Algorithms, 13. 8. Most dramatically, Lanier, Ten Arguments. 9. So, for example, Srnicek (Platform Capitalism, 158), who argues that “rather than just regulating corporate platforms, efforts could be made to create public platforms—platforms owned and controlled by the people.”

Dangerous Ideas: A Brief History of Censorship in the West, From the Ancients to Fake News by Eric Berkowitz

Albert Einstein, algorithmic management, anti-communist, Ayatollah Khomeini, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, Bonfire of the Vanities, borderless world, Brexit referendum, British Empire, Charlie Hebdo massacre, Chelsea Manning, colonial rule, coronavirus, COVID-19, deplatforming, disinformation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Filter Bubble, high-speed rail, Index librorum prohibitorum, Jeff Bezos, Julian Assange, lockdown, Mark Zuckerberg, microaggression, Mikhail Gorbachev, Minecraft, New Urbanism, post-truth, pre–internet, QAnon, Ralph Nader, Saturday Night Live, Silicon Valley, source of truth, Steve Bannon, surveillance capitalism, undersea cable, W. E. B. Du Bois, WikiLeaks

New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof characterized the “quintessential twenty-first-century conflict” as involving “government thugs firing bullets” against “young protesters firing ‘tweets.’”56 But repressive states resented the American-style Internet as a blunt instrument of imperialism. “Once the [Iran] protests quieted down,” wrote the journalist Evgeny Morozov, Iranian officials “embarked on a digital purge of their opponents.”57 Over a remarkably short time, authoritarian regimes learned to suppress unwanted Internet activity. And China mastered the craft of nailing Jell-O to any wall it chooses. It developed elaborate mechanisms to bar unwanted news from abroad, control online discussion within its borders, and force Western companies to fall in line or lose access to its markets.

…

Jack Goldsmith, “The Failure of Internet Freedom,” Knight First Amendment Institute, June 13, 2018, https://knightcolumbia.org/content/failure-internet-freedom; Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Remarks on Internet Freedom,” Newseum, January 21, 2010, https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2010/01/135519.htm. 56. Nicholas Kristof, “Tear Down This Cyberwall!,” New York Times, June 17, 2009, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/18/opinion/18kristof.html. 57. Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011), 10. 58. Charlie Warzel, “Big Tech Was Designed to Be Toxic,” New York Times, April 3, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/03/opinion/facebook-youtube-disinformation.html. 59. Sean Burch, “‘Senator, We Run Ads’: Hatch Mocked for Basic Facebook Question to Zuckerberg,” The Wrap, April 10, 2018, https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/mark-zuckerberg-gives-orrin-hatch-quick-explainer-facebook-202404519.html; Jeff Gary and Ashkan Soltani, “First Things First: Online Advertising Practices and Their Effects on Platform Speech,” Knight First Amendment Institute, August 21, 2019, https://knightcolumbia.org/content/first-things-first-online-advertising-practices-and-their-effects-on-platform-speech. 60.

Snowden's Box: Trust in the Age of Surveillance by Jessica Bruder, Dale Maharidge

air gap, anti-communist, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Berlin Wall, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Broken windows theory, Burning Man, Cambridge Analytica, cashless society, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, computer vision, crowdsourcing, deep learning, digital rights, disinformation, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, Firefox, information security, Internet of things, Jeff Bezos, Jessica Bruder, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Laura Poitras, license plate recognition, Mark Zuckerberg, mass incarceration, medical malpractice, messenger bag, Neil Armstrong, Nomadland, Occupy movement, off grid, off-the-grid, pattern recognition, Peter Thiel, Robert Bork, Seymour Hersh, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Skype, social graph, Steven Levy, surveillance capitalism, tech bro, Tim Cook: Apple, web of trust, WikiLeaks

Packages usually arrived in a haphazard scatter in the foyer. Sometimes they didn’t stick around for long. In recent months, quite a few boxes had disappeared in a spate of thefts. Their contents included vitamins, an LED tent lantern, a pair of earbuds, the book To Save Everything, Click Here by Evgeny Morozov, and a packet of Magic Grow sponge-capsule safari animals. That last item was to entertain my journalism students. In class we discussed the serendipitous nature of reporting — how small leads grow unpredictably into larger stories — and I mentioned the little gelatin caplets I’d played with as child, dropping them in water and marveling as their contents expanded to reveal the shapes of wild creatures.

The Cosmopolites: The Coming of the Global Citizen by Atossa Araxia Abrahamian

"World Economic Forum" Davos, accounting loophole / creative accounting, Albert Einstein, barriers to entry, bitcoin, blockchain, borderless world, Buckminster Fuller, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, colonial rule, corporate social responsibility, cryptocurrency, digital rights, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, high net worth, illegal immigration, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, offshore financial centre, open immigration, Patri Friedman, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, public intellectual, Satoshi Nakamoto, Skype, technoutopianism, Westphalian system, WikiLeaks

His moral philosophy is based on self-ownership and enlightened self-interest; his nasal earnestness recalls an adolescent boy who has read Ayn Rand for the first time and cannot stand to keep the revolutionary potential of radical individualism to himself. In advocating for better living through technology, Ver channels a bizarre brand of techno-utopianism that the writer Evgeny Morozov calls “solutionism,” which Morozov defines as “an intellectual pathology that recognizes problems as problems based on just one criterion: whether they are ‘solvable’ with a nice and clean technological solution at our disposal.” These problems include funding infrastructure, making medical research more efficient, and even death.

Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future by Andrew McAfee, Erik Brynjolfsson

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, AI winter, Airbnb, airline deregulation, airport security, Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Andy Rubin, AOL-Time Warner, artificial general intelligence, asset light, augmented reality, autism spectrum disorder, autonomous vehicles, backpropagation, backtesting, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, bitcoin, blockchain, blood diamond, British Empire, business cycle, business process, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, centralized clearinghouse, Chris Urmson, cloud computing, cognitive bias, commoditize, complexity theory, computer age, creative destruction, CRISPR, crony capitalism, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, Dean Kamen, deep learning, DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, discovery of DNA, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, distributed ledger, double helix, driverless car, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, family office, fiat currency, financial innovation, general purpose technology, Geoffrey Hinton, George Akerlof, global supply chain, Great Leap Forward, Gregor Mendel, Hernando de Soto, hive mind, independent contractor, information asymmetry, Internet of things, inventory management, iterative process, Jean Tirole, Jeff Bezos, Jim Simons, jimmy wales, John Markoff, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, law of one price, longitudinal study, low interest rates, Lyft, Machine translation of "The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak." to Russian and back, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Mitch Kapor, moral hazard, multi-sided market, Mustafa Suleyman, Myron Scholes, natural language processing, Network effects, new economy, Norbert Wiener, Oculus Rift, PageRank, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer lending, performance metric, plutocrats, precision agriculture, prediction markets, pre–internet, price stability, principal–agent problem, Project Xanadu, radical decentralization, Ray Kurzweil, Renaissance Technologies, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, risk tolerance, Robert Solow, Ronald Coase, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Skype, slashdot, smart contracts, Snapchat, speech recognition, statistical model, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steven Pinker, supply-chain management, synthetic biology, tacit knowledge, TaskRabbit, Ted Nelson, TED Talk, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Market for Lemons, The Nature of the Firm, the strength of weak ties, Thomas Davenport, Thomas L Friedman, too big to fail, transaction costs, transportation-network company, traveling salesman, Travis Kalanick, Two Sigma, two-sided market, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, Vitalik Buterin, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, winner-take-all economy, yield management, zero day

Evans’s article both acknowledged that there were obstacles to this vision and expressed confidence that they could be overcome. It was an excellent example of “solutionism”: the belief that tough problems could be solved with the right combination of entrepreneurial energy and technological innovation. The term “solutionism” was originally intended as an insult; the writer Evgeny Morozov coined the phrase to refer to “an intellectual pathology.” Instead of taking offense at being called solutionists, however, many technologists embraced the term; in 2014, Marc Andreessen described himself in his Twitter profile as a “proud solutionist since 1994.” Bitcoins and the blockchain lend themselves wonderfully to solutionism.

…

Madrigal, “Bruce Sterling on Why It Stopped Making Sense to Talk about ‘The Internet’ in 2012,” Atlantic, December 27, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/12/bruce-sterling-on-why-it-stopped-making-sense-to-talk-about-the-internet-in-2012/266674. 296 the five companies he had named: Will Oremus, “Tech Companies Are Dominating the Stock Market as Never Before,” Slate, July 29, 2016, http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2016/07/29/the_world_s_5_most_valuable_companies_apple_google_microsoft_amazon_facebook.html. 296 surveys conducted by the public relations firm Edelman: Edelman, “2016 Edelman Trust Barometer,” accessed February 9, 2017, http://www.edelman.com/insights/intellectual-property/2016-edelman-trust-barometer/state-of-trust/trust-in-financial-services-trust-rebound. 296 “Decentralize All the Things”: Jon Evans, “Decentralize All the Things!” TechCrunch, January 10, 2015, https://techcrunch.com/2015/01/10/decentralize-all-the-things. 297 “an intellectual pathology”: Evgeny Morozov, “The Perils of Perfection,” New York Times, March 2, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/03/opinion/sunday/the-perils-of-perfection.html. 297 “proud solutionist since 1994”: Peter Sims, “How Andreessen Horo-witz Is Disrupting Silicon Valley,” Silicon Guild, September 5, 2014, https://thoughts.siliconguild.com/how-andreessen-horowitz-is-disrupting-silicon-valley-208041d6375d#.jguk1gbxx. 298 “Corporate forces have captured”: Don Tapscott and Alex Tapscott, Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World (New York: Portfolio, 2016).

Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots by John Markoff

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, AI winter, airport security, Andy Rubin, Apollo 11, Apple II, artificial general intelligence, Asilomar, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, backpropagation, basic income, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, Bill Atkinson, Bill Duvall, bioinformatics, Boston Dynamics, Brewster Kahle, Burning Man, call centre, cellular automata, Charles Babbage, Chris Urmson, Claude Shannon: information theory, Clayton Christensen, clean water, cloud computing, cognitive load, collective bargaining, computer age, Computer Lib, computer vision, crowdsourcing, Danny Hillis, DARPA: Urban Challenge, data acquisition, Dean Kamen, deep learning, DeepMind, deskilling, Do you want to sell sugared water for the rest of your life?, don't be evil, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Hofstadter, Dr. Strangelove, driverless car, dual-use technology, Dynabook, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, factory automation, Fairchild Semiconductor, Fillmore Auditorium, San Francisco, From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death, future of work, Galaxy Zoo, General Magic , Geoffrey Hinton, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Grace Hopper, Gunnar Myrdal, Gödel, Escher, Bach, Hacker Ethic, Hans Moravec, haute couture, Herbert Marcuse, hive mind, hype cycle, hypertext link, indoor plumbing, industrial robot, information retrieval, Internet Archive, Internet of things, invention of the wheel, Ivan Sutherland, Jacques de Vaucanson, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Jeff Hawkins, job automation, John Conway, John Markoff, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, Kaizen: continuous improvement, Kevin Kelly, Kiva Systems, knowledge worker, Kodak vs Instagram, labor-force participation, loose coupling, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, medical residency, Menlo Park, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, Mother of all demos, natural language processing, Neil Armstrong, new economy, Norbert Wiener, PageRank, PalmPilot, pattern recognition, Philippa Foot, pre–internet, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, reality distortion field, Recombinant DNA, Richard Stallman, Robert Gordon, Robert Solow, Rodney Brooks, Sand Hill Road, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, semantic web, Seymour Hersh, shareholder value, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Singularitarianism, skunkworks, Skype, social software, speech recognition, stealth mode startup, Stephen Hawking, Steve Ballmer, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, Strategic Defense Initiative, strong AI, superintelligent machines, tech worker, technological singularity, Ted Nelson, TED Talk, telemarketer, telepresence, telepresence robot, Tenerife airport disaster, The Coming Technological Singularity, the medium is the message, Thorstein Veblen, Tony Fadell, trolley problem, Turing test, Vannevar Bush, Vernor Vinge, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, William Shockley: the traitorous eight, zero-sum game

During the 1990s he had worked as a design engineer at Interval Research Corporation, and then set up a small consulting business just off California Avenue in Palo Alto, down the street from where Google’s robotics division is located today. Felsenstein held on to his political ideals and worked on a variety of engineering projects ranging from hearing aids to parapsychology research tools. He was hurled back onto the national stage in 2014 when he became a target for Evgeny Morozov, the sharp-penned intellectual from Belarus who specializes in quasi-academic takedowns of Internet highfliers and exposing post-dot-com era foibles. In a New Yorker essay12 aiming at what he found questionable about the generally benign and inclusive Maker Movement, Morozov zeroed in on Felsenstein’s Homebrew roots and utopian ideals as expressed in a 1995 oral history.

…

., 31. 4.Rodney Brooks, “Elephants Don’t Play Chess,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems 6 (1990): 3–15, people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/elephants.ps.Z. 5.Ibid. 6.Brooks, Flesh and Machines, 31. 7.Steven Levy, Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution (New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1984), 132. 8.R. H. MacMillan, Automation: Friend or Foe, (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1956), 1. 9.Levy, Hackers, 130. 10.Lee Felsenstein, “The Golemic Approach,” LeeFelsenstein.com, http://www.leefelsenstein.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Golemic_Approach_MS.pdf. 11.Ibid., 4. 12.Evgeny Morozov, “Making It,” New Yorker, January 13, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2014/01/13/140113crat_atlarge_morozov?printable=true&currentPage=all. 13.“Lee Felsenstein and the Convivial Computer,” Convivial Tools, July 23, 2007, http://www.conviviality.ouvaton.org/spip.php?article39. 14.Lee Felsenstein, “The Tom Swift Terminal; or, A Convivial Cybernetic Device,” LeeFelsenstein.com, http://www.leefelsenstein.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/TST_scan_150.pdf. 15.Dennis Liu, “Office 2010: The Movie,” YouTube, July 9, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?

This Machine Kills Secrets: Julian Assange, the Cypherpunks, and Their Fight to Empower Whistleblowers by Andy Greenberg

air gap, Apple II, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, Bletchley Park, Burning Man, Chelsea Manning, computerized markets, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, disinformation, domain-specific language, driverless car, drone strike, en.wikipedia.org, Evgeny Morozov, Fairchild Semiconductor, fault tolerance, hive mind, information security, Jacob Appelbaum, John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Lewis Mumford, Mahatma Gandhi, military-industrial complex, Mitch Kapor, MITM: man-in-the-middle, Mohammed Bouazizi, Mondo 2000, Neal Stephenson, nuclear winter, offshore financial centre, operational security, PalmPilot, pattern recognition, profit motive, Ralph Nader, real-name policy, reality distortion field, Richard Stallman, Robert Hanssen: Double agent, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Skype, social graph, SQL injection, statistical model, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Teledyne, three-masted sailing ship, undersea cable, Vernor Vinge, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, We are the 99%, WikiLeaks, X Prize, Zimmermann PGP

Some of its most ardent supporters have become its most bitter critics, and its releases have dropped sharply in frequency and impact. Assange seems more interested in hosting a TV talk show on the Russian government–funded network RT than in rebuilding his organization, and WikiLeaks-watchers from Evgeny Morozov to Richard Stallman argue that the group’s fate holds dark lessons. With WikiLeaks, they say, the Web turned out to be less the free, anarchic realm we once imagined than a restrictive platform tightly controlled by corporations and governments. But it would be a mistake to focus only on how WikiLeaks has been contained, muzzled, punished, and sabotaged while ignoring a larger lesson: how the group has inspired an entire generation of political hackers and digital whistleblowers.

…

” “These things are just drops in one big wave. That wave is just one wave in a river,” she says. “And I don’t know where that river is going to take us.” In December 2010, just as the first rounds of WikiLeaks’ State Department Cables were metastasizing around the Internet, I spoke with Evgeny Morozov, a Belarusian academic and writer with a famously pessimistic attitude toward the Internet’s ability to democratize global politics. Instead, he believes digital tools have only tightened governments’ control over their citizens. I ask him about WikiLeaks, and whether it might be an exception to his rule.

The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom by Evgeny Morozov

"World Economic Forum" Davos, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Alvin Toffler, Ayatollah Khomeini, Berlin Wall, borderless world, Buckminster Fuller, Californian Ideology, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, cloud computing, cognitive dissonance, Columbine, computer age, conceptual framework, crowdsourcing, digital divide, disinformation, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, don't be evil, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, global village, Google Earth, Herbert Marcuse, illegal immigration, invention of radio, invention of the printing press, invisible hand, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, John von Neumann, lolcat, Marshall McLuhan, Mitch Kapor, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, New Urbanism, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, peer-to-peer, pirate software, pre–internet, Productivity paradox, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Robert Solow, Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan: Tear down this wall, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Sinatra Doctrine, Skype, Slavoj Žižek, social graph, Steve Jobs, Streisand effect, technological determinism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, The Wisdom of Crowds, urban planning, Washington Consensus, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce

See Vietnamese Professionals Society Waisbord, Silvio Walker, Chris Wall Street Journal Wang, Grace Wang Jianzhou Wangchen, Dhondup War 08.08.08: The War of Treason (documentary) Warsaw Pact Washington Post Webber, Melvin Webby Awards Weinberg, Alvin Weisberg, Jacob Welzer, Arthur West Germany WikiLeaks Wikipedia Williams, Raymond The Winged Gospel (Corn) Winner, Langdon Wired Italy Wired magazine Wise, George Woodward, Bob Wright, Robert Wu Hao Xenophobia Xi Jingping Xing Xinhua News Agency Yahoo Yakemenko, Boris Yandex Money Yevtushenko, Yevgeny YouTube Yugoslavia Zimbabwe Zittrain, Jonathan Zizek, Slavoj Zuckerman, Ethan ABOUT THE AUTHOR Evgeny Morozov is a contributing editor to Foreign Policy and Boston Review and a Schwartz Fellow at the New American Foundation. Morozov is currently also a visiting scholar at Stanford University. He was previously a Yahoo! Fellow at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University and a fellow at the Open Society Institute in New York, where he remains on the board of the Information Program.

…

Peter Osnos, Founder and Editor-at-Large 1 A confession is in order here: I was one of the first to fall into the Twitter Revolution trap, christening similar youth protests in Moldova, which happened a few months before Iran’s, with what proved to be that sticky and extremely misleading moniker. Even though I quickly qualified it with a long and nuanced explanation, it is certainly not the proudest moment in my career, especially as all those nuances were lost on most media covering the events. Copyright © 2011 by Evgeny Morozov Published in the United States by PublicAffairs™, a member of the Perseus Books Group. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address PublicAffairs, 250 West 57th Street, Suite 1321, New York, NY 10107.

Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia by Anthony M. Townsend

1960s counterculture, 4chan, A Pattern Language, Adam Curtis, air gap, Airbnb, Amazon Web Services, anti-communist, Apple II, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Big Tech, bike sharing, Boeing 747, Burning Man, business process, call centre, carbon footprint, charter city, chief data officer, clean tech, clean water, cloud computing, company town, computer age, congestion charging, congestion pricing, connected car, crack epidemic, crowdsourcing, DARPA: Urban Challenge, data acquisition, Deng Xiaoping, digital divide, digital map, Donald Davies, East Village, Edward Glaeser, Evgeny Morozov, food desert, game design, garden city movement, General Motors Futurama, gentrification, Geoffrey West, Santa Fe Institute, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global supply chain, Grace Hopper, Haight Ashbury, Hedy Lamarr / George Antheil, Herman Kahn, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, interchangeable parts, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Jacquard loom, Jane Jacobs, Jevons paradox, jitney, John Snow's cholera map, Joi Ito, Khan Academy, Kibera, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, Lewis Mumford, load shedding, lolcat, M-Pesa, machine readable, Mark Zuckerberg, megacity, megaproject, messenger bag, mobile money, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Norbert Wiener, Occupy movement, off grid, One Laptop per Child (OLPC), openstreetmap, packet switching, PalmPilot, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Parag Khanna, patent troll, Pearl River Delta, place-making, planetary scale, popular electronics, power law, RFC: Request For Comment, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robert Gordon, scientific management, self-driving car, sharing economy, Shenzhen special economic zone , Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, smart meter, social graph, social software, social web, SpaceShipOne, special economic zone, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stuxnet, supply-chain management, technoutopianism, Ted Kaczynski, telepresence, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, too big to fail, trade route, Twitter Arab Spring, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, undersea cable, Upton Sinclair, uranium enrichment, urban decay, urban planning, urban renewal, Vannevar Bush, working poor, working-age population, X Prize, Y2K, zero day, Zipcar

That’s because planning is already connected to a hodgepodge of disciplines that offer insights on the city: engineering, economics, sociology, geography, political science, law, and public finance. Expanding its small existing connection to informatics would be easy. The need for a broader perspective on smart systems is so clear that even those outside the field see it. Writing about the future of the ICT4D movement in Boston Review, Evgeny Morozov argued: In short, we need to be realistic, holistic, and attentive to context. Why haven’t we been so far? Part of the problem seems to lie in the public’s penchant for fetishizing the engineer as the ultimate savior, as if superb knowledge of technology could ever make up for ignorance of local norms, customs, and regulations. . . .

…

DocumentID=19073. 33Frank Duffy, Work and the City (London: Black Dog Publishing, 2008). 34Red Burns, interview by author, October 24, 2011. 35Geraci, interview, November 1, 2011. 36Burns, interview, October 24, 2011. Chapter 6. Have Nots 1For an excellent discussion of the role of Twitter in the Moldovan revolution in 2009, see Evgeny Morozov, “Moldova’s Twitter revolution is NOT a myth,” Foreign Policy NET.EFFECT, blog, last modified April 10, 2009, http://neteffect.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2009/04/10/moldovas_twitter_ revolution_is_not_a_myth. 2Moldova Economic Sector Analysis: Final Report, U.S. Agency for International Development: Washington, DC, March 2010, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADU233.pdf. 3AnnaLee Saxenian, The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in a Global Economy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007). 4Plato, The Republic, translated by Benjamin Jowett, The Internet Classics Archive, http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/republic.html, accessed December 5, 2012. 5“The Challenge,” UN Habitat, n.d., http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?

The Lonely Century: How Isolation Imperils Our Future by Noreena Hertz

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", Airbnb, airport security, algorithmic bias, Asian financial crisis, autism spectrum disorder, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, big-box store, Broken windows theory, call centre, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, car-free, Cass Sunstein, centre right, conceptual framework, Copley Medal, coronavirus, correlation does not imply causation, COVID-19, dark matter, deindustrialization, Diane Coyle, digital divide, disinformation, Donald Trump, driverless car, emotional labour, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Fellow of the Royal Society, future of work, gender pay gap, gentrification, gig economy, Gordon Gekko, greed is good, Greta Thunberg, happiness index / gross national happiness, housing crisis, illegal immigration, independent contractor, industrial robot, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, Jessica Bruder, job automation, job satisfaction, karōshi / gwarosa / guolaosi, Kevin Roose, knowledge economy, labor-force participation, lockdown, longitudinal study, low interest rates, low skilled workers, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, mass immigration, means of production, megacity, meta-analysis, move fast and break things, Network effects, new economy, Pepto Bismol, QWERTY keyboard, Ray Oldenburg, remote working, rent control, RFID, robo advisor, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, Second Machine Age, Shoshana Zuboff, side hustle, Silicon Valley, Skype, Snapchat, social distancing, Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, SoftBank, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, TaskRabbit, tech worker, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Future of Employment, The Great Good Place, the long tail, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, TikTok, Tim Cook: Apple, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, urban planning, Wall-E, warehouse automation, warehouse robotics, WeWork, work culture , working poor, workplace surveillance

The National Law Review, 29 January 2019, https://www.natlawreview.com/article/more-countries-consider-implementing-right-to-disconnect. 89 Raquel Flórez, ‘The future of work – New rights for new times’, Freshfields, 5 December 2018, https://digital.freshfields.com/post/102f6up/the-future-of-work-new-rights-for-new-times; Ornstein and Glassberg, ‘More Countries Consider Implementing a “Right to Disconnect”. 90 ‘Banning out-of-hours email “could harm employee wellbeing”’, BBC News, 18 October 2019, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-50073107. 91 Evgeny Morozov, ‘So you want to switch off digitally? I’m afraid that will cost you …’, Guardian, 19 February 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/feb/19/right-to-disconnect-digital-gig-economy-evgeny-morozov. 92 Peter Fleming, ‘Do you work more than 39 hours per week? Your job could be killing you’, Guardian, 15 January 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/15/is-28-hours-ideal-working-week-for-healthy-life. 93 ‘Two in five low-paid mums and dads penalised by bad bosses, TUC study reveals’, Trades Union Congress, 1 September 2017, https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/two-five-low-paid-mums-and-dads-penalised-bad-bosses-tuc-study-reveals-0.

Revolution in the Age of Social Media: The Egyptian Popular Insurrection and the Internet by Linda Herrera

citizen journalism, crowdsourcing, decentralized internet, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, Google Earth, informal economy, Julian Assange, knowledge economy, minimum wage unemployment, Mohammed Bouazizi, moral panic, Nelson Mandela, Occupy movement, RAND corporation, Rosa Parks, Silicon Valley, Skype, Slavoj Žižek, WikiLeaks

The English-language press started to dub Iran’s Green Movement the “Twitter Revolution,” just as it had done for the 6th of April protests in Egypt in 2008. For all the triumphalist and cyberutopian rhetoric about the role of Twitter and Facebook in Iran’s Green Movement, State Department meddling in a popular reform movement potentially put people, especially young cyberdissidents, at risk. As Evgeny Morozov astutely remarks in The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom, the Twitter angle fed perceptions about the web as being “some kind of a ‘made in America’ digital missile that could undermine authoritarian stability.” It remains unclear just how critical Twitter was to people on the streets in Iran; various accounts point to it being of marginal significance at best.

If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities by Benjamin R. Barber

"World Economic Forum" Davos, Aaron Swartz, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, American Legislative Exchange Council, Berlin Wall, bike sharing, borderless world, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, British Empire, car-free, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, Celebration, Florida, classic study, clean water, congestion pricing, corporate governance, Crossrail, crowdsourcing, David Brooks, desegregation, Detroit bankruptcy, digital divide, digital Maoism, digital rights, disinformation, disintermediation, edge city, Edward Glaeser, Edward Snowden, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, feminist movement, Filter Bubble, gentrification, George Gilder, ghettoisation, global pandemic, global village, Hernando de Soto, Howard Zinn, illegal immigration, In Cold Blood by Truman Capote, income inequality, informal economy, information retrieval, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Lewis Mumford, London Interbank Offered Rate, Mark Zuckerberg, market fundamentalism, Marshall McLuhan, Masdar, megacity, microcredit, Mikhail Gorbachev, mortgage debt, mutually assured destruction, new economy, New Urbanism, Nicholas Carr, Norman Mailer, nuclear winter, obamacare, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, Peace of Westphalia, Pearl River Delta, peer-to-peer, planetary scale, plutocrats, Prenzlauer Berg, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RFID, Richard Florida, Ronald Reagan, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, smart meter, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, technological determinism, technological solutionism, TED Talk, Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, The future is already here, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Tobin tax, Tony Hsieh, trade route, UNCLOS, UNCLOS, unpaid internship, urban sprawl, Virgin Galactic, War on Poverty, zero-sum game

Jeff Jarvis has celebrated at book length how the “publicness” of sharing compensates any loss of privacy.31 Lori Anderson writes about the flip side of Internet sharing, that it is not always voluntary.32 Collecting and sharing information on consumers and citizens alike is a multibillion-dollar business whose primary object is the commercial exploitation of consumers. It has a potential to become the political manipulation of citizens. As the pugnacious but prescient Evgeny Morozov puts it, the NGO called Privacy International, with a full-time staff of three, isn’t exactly a “terrifying behemoth” when seen next to Google (lobbying expenses in 2010 of $5.2 million), however intimidating Jeff Jarvis and other Google fans might think it is.33 The web that knows what books you might like to read and which sites you like to visit, knows how you think politically.

…

See Lori Anderson, I Know Who You Are and I Saw What You Did: Social Networks and the Death of Privacy, New York: Free Press, 2012. Anderson proposes a Social Network Constitution as a “touchstone, an expression of fundamental values, that we should use to judge the activities of social networks and their citizens.” 33. Evgeny Morozov, “The Internet Intellectual,” review of Jarvis, New Republic, November 2, 2011. For Mozorov’s wittily skeptical views see his The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom, New York: Public Affairs Press, 2012; and To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism, New York: Public Affairs, 2013. 34.

Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World by Bruce Schneier

23andMe, Airbnb, airport security, AltaVista, Anne Wojcicki, AOL-Time Warner, augmented reality, behavioural economics, Benjamin Mako Hill, Black Swan, Boris Johnson, Brewster Kahle, Brian Krebs, call centre, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, congestion charging, data science, digital rights, disintermediation, drone strike, Eben Moglen, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, experimental subject, failed state, fault tolerance, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, Firefox, friendly fire, Google Chrome, Google Glasses, heat death of the universe, hindsight bias, informal economy, information security, Internet Archive, Internet of things, Jacob Appelbaum, James Bridle, Jaron Lanier, John Gilmore, John Markoff, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Laura Poitras, license plate recognition, lifelogging, linked data, Lyft, Mark Zuckerberg, moral panic, Nash equilibrium, Nate Silver, national security letter, Network effects, Occupy movement, operational security, Panopticon Jeremy Bentham, payday loans, pre–internet, price discrimination, profit motive, race to the bottom, RAND corporation, real-name policy, recommendation engine, RFID, Ross Ulbricht, satellite internet, self-driving car, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, Snapchat, social graph, software as a service, South China Sea, sparse data, stealth mode startup, Steven Levy, Stuxnet, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, telemarketer, Tim Cook: Apple, transaction costs, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, undersea cable, unit 8200, urban planning, Wayback Machine, WikiLeaks, workplace surveillance , Yochai Benkler, yottabyte, zero day

Patricia Zengerle and Tabassum Zakaria (18 Jun 2013), “NSA head, lawmakers defend surveillance programs,” Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/18/us-usa-security-idUSBRE95H15O20130618. Al Jazeera (29 Oct 2013), “NSA chief defends spy program in face of protest from allies,” Al Jazeera, http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/29/nsa-chief-defendsspyprogramamidusriftwitheurope.html. We need to think: Technology critic Evgeny Morozov makes this point. Evgeny Morozov (22 Oct 2013), “The real privacy problem,” MIT Technology Review, http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520426/the-real-privacy-problem. 1: DATA AS A BY-PRODUCT OF COMPUTING uniquely identify your computer: Peter Eckersley (Jul 2010), “How unique is your web browser?”

Better Living Through Criticism: How to Think About Art, Pleasure, Beauty, and Truth by A. O. Scott

barriers to entry, citizen journalism, conceptual framework, death of newspapers, disinformation, Evgeny Morozov, hive mind, Jacob Silverman, Joan Didion, Marshall McLuhan, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, sexual politics, sharing economy, social web, subscription business, TED Talk, the scientific method

The burgeoning industries of TED-talk idea-flogging, pop-science publishing, and slick “explanatory” journalism offer the steady seduction of cool, counterintuitive insights and frictionless solutions. Matters that once had to be pondered and argued—deep questions of politics, morality, art, and justice—can now be mapped and quantified. Sometimes this kind of thinking—what Evgeny Morozov, a fierce and eloquent critic of modern tech ideology, calls “solutionism”—can yield new perspectives and can dislodge venerable, taken-for-granted habits of mind. Knowledge is always better than superstition. But more often the cult of data, abetted by the culture of opinion, seeks a shortcut around difficulty.

Come and Take It: The Gun Printer's Guide to Thinking Free by Cody Wilson

3D printing, 4chan, Aaron Swartz, active measures, Airbnb, airport security, Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, assortative mating, bitcoin, Chelsea Manning, Cody Wilson, digital rights, disintermediation, DIY culture, Evgeny Morozov, fiat currency, Google Glasses, gun show loophole, jimmy wales, lifelogging, Mason jar, means of production, Menlo Park, Minecraft, national security letter, New Urbanism, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, printed gun, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Skype, Streisand effect, thinkpad, WikiLeaks, working poor

More optimistic and sentimental in tone than anything I had yet allowed myself to make. I look back on it in real wonder now, knowing I personally felt none of its optimism while making it. Varol fell asleep around three in the morning, and sometime before six I released the presentation online. In the Sunday Times Evgeny Morozov called the whole concept creepy. From his civil society point of view, he was afraid all this “openness” and “access” was ultimately depoliticizing. That it didn’t mean anything because it could mean anything. He felt democratic sovereignty was at stake in letting people look up their own 3D gun files on the Internet.

World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech by Franklin Foer

artificial general intelligence, back-to-the-land, Berlin Wall, big data - Walmart - Pop Tarts, Big Tech, big-box store, Buckminster Fuller, citizen journalism, Colonization of Mars, computer age, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data is the new oil, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Double Irish / Dutch Sandwich, Douglas Engelbart, driverless car, Edward Snowden, Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Filter Bubble, Geoffrey Hinton, global village, Google Glasses, Haight Ashbury, hive mind, income inequality, intangible asset, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Markoff, Kevin Kelly, knowledge economy, Law of Accelerating Returns, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, means of production, move fast and break things, new economy, New Journalism, Norbert Wiener, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, PageRank, Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, planetary scale, Ray Kurzweil, scientific management, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Singularitarianism, software is eating the world, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, strong AI, supply-chain management, TED Talk, the medium is the message, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, The Wisdom of Crowds, Thomas L Friedman, Thorstein Veblen, Upton Sinclair, Vernor Vinge, vertical integration, We are as Gods, Whole Earth Catalog, yellow journalism

“The real magic will come in the second act, as each word in each book”: Kevin Kelly, “Scan This Book!,” New York Times Magazine, May 14, 2006. “In a curious way, the universal library becomes one very, very, very large single text”: Kelly, “Scan This Book!” “By enabling people from diverse backgrounds to easily connect and share their ideas”: Evgeny Morozov, To Save Everything, Click Here (PublicAffairs, 2013), 292. CHAPTER NINE: IN SEARCH OF THE ANGEL OF DATA and the Internet began its own journey to the free market: Shane Greenstein, How the Internet Became Commercial (Princeton University Press, 2015). My narrative of the Internet’s privatization relies heavily on Greenstein’s history.

What's Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy by Tom Slee

4chan, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, asset-backed security, barriers to entry, Benchmark Capital, benefit corporation, Berlin Wall, big-box store, bike sharing, bitcoin, blockchain, Californian Ideology, citizen journalism, collaborative consumption, commons-based peer production, congestion charging, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, data acquisition, data science, David Brooks, democratizing finance, do well by doing good, don't be evil, Dr. Strangelove, emotional labour, Evgeny Morozov, gentrification, gig economy, Hacker Ethic, impact investing, income inequality, independent contractor, informal economy, invisible hand, Jacob Appelbaum, Jane Jacobs, Jeff Bezos, John Zimmer (Lyft cofounder), Kevin Roose, Khan Academy, Kibera, Kickstarter, license plate recognition, Lyft, machine readable, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Max Levchin, move fast and break things, natural language processing, Netflix Prize, Network effects, new economy, Occupy movement, openstreetmap, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer lending, Peter Thiel, pre–internet, principal–agent problem, profit motive, race to the bottom, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, rent control, ride hailing / ride sharing, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, software is eating the world, South of Market, San Francisco, TaskRabbit, TED Talk, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, the long tail, The Nature of the Firm, Thomas L Friedman, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Tyler Cowen, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, ultimatum game, urban planning, WeWork, WikiLeaks, winner-take-all economy, Y Combinator, Yochai Benkler, Zipcar

In transit there are the car-sharing and widely-imitated bike-sharing initiatives of Paris; there are new ideas around public transit; new initiatives around green taxi services. One of the benefits of city-level initiatives is that citizens can take the best from other places and lobby for adoption in their home town, so that cities can learn from each other. Evgeny Morozov calls the idea that technology provides a fix for complex social problems “solutionism,” and it is unfortunately endemic among those who promote the Sharing Economy.24 What is called for is a little modesty on the part of those who identify with new technologies. It’s not a question of whether technology is good or bad, but that technology is not an answer to complex social questions.

Bottoms Up and the Devil Laughs by Kerry Howley

air gap, Bernie Sanders, Chelsea Manning, cognitive bias, disinformation, Donald Trump, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, fake news, Joan Didion, Julian Assange, Laura Poitras, Nelson Mandela, operational security, pre–internet, QAnon, Russian election interference, security theater, Shoshana Zuboff, social graph, surveillance capitalism, WikiLeaks

All of this was transported to Assange by Manning via the grace of Lady Gaga, beginning in February 2010. There was so much information that the journalists who eventually mined the dumps had to set up a room and write computer programs to find out how to filter it, to find meaning and stories within this overwhelming mass of incriminating private communication. Tech writer Evgeny Morozov called WikiLeaks a “media darling” and speculated that it might become a kind of matchmaker for low-level leaks, interested journalists, and NGOs with related causes. WikiLeaks was associated with transparency, the weak against the powerful, and it was not meaningfully partisan. Assange cleaved the populace not into left and right but into libertarians and institutionalists, hawks and pacifists, advocates of transparency and supporters of an impregnable state.

Reinventing Capitalism in the Age of Big Data by Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, Thomas Ramge

accounting loophole / creative accounting, Air France Flight 447, Airbnb, Alvin Roth, Apollo 11, Atul Gawande, augmented reality, banking crisis, basic income, Bayesian statistics, Bear Stearns, behavioural economics, bitcoin, blockchain, book value, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon footprint, Cass Sunstein, centralized clearinghouse, Checklist Manifesto, cloud computing, cognitive bias, cognitive load, conceptual framework, creative destruction, Daniel Kahneman / Amos Tversky, data science, Didi Chuxing, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, double entry bookkeeping, Elon Musk, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, flying shuttle, Ford Model T, Ford paid five dollars a day, Frederick Winslow Taylor, fundamental attribution error, George Akerlof, gig economy, Google Glasses, Higgs boson, information asymmetry, interchangeable parts, invention of the telegraph, inventory management, invisible hand, James Watt: steam engine, Jeff Bezos, job automation, job satisfaction, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, labor-force participation, land reform, Large Hadron Collider, lone genius, low cost airline, low interest rates, Marc Andreessen, market bubble, market design, market fundamentalism, means of production, meta-analysis, Moneyball by Michael Lewis explains big data, multi-sided market, natural language processing, Neil Armstrong, Network effects, Nick Bostrom, Norbert Wiener, offshore financial centre, Parag Khanna, payday loans, peer-to-peer lending, Peter Thiel, Ponzi scheme, prediction markets, price anchoring, price mechanism, purchasing power parity, radical decentralization, random walk, recommendation engine, Richard Thaler, ride hailing / ride sharing, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Sam Altman, scientific management, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, six sigma, smart grid, smart meter, Snapchat, statistical model, Steve Jobs, subprime mortgage crisis, Suez canal 1869, tacit knowledge, technoutopianism, The Future of Employment, The Market for Lemons, The Nature of the Firm, transaction costs, universal basic income, vertical integration, William Langewiesche, Y Combinator

., “Privacy Harms and the Effectiveness of the Notice and Choice Framework,” I/S 11 (2015), 485–524, http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/is/files/2016/02/10-Reidenberg-Russell-Callen-Qasir-and-Norton.pdf. computer system that would assist the Chilean government: The evolution of Cybersyn and its implications are eloquently captured in Eden Medina, Cybernetics Revolutionaries: Technology and Politics in Allende’s Chile (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2011); see also Evgeny Morozov, “The Planning Machine,” New Yorker, October 13, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/13/planning-machine. The development of Cybersyn also underlies the plot of a work of fiction: see Sascha Reh, Gegen die Zeit (Frankfurt, Germany: Schöffling, 2015). Great Famine of 1932–1933: See Anne Applebaum, Red Famine: Stalin’s War on Ukraine (New York: Doubleday, 2017).

Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World by Cal Newport

8-hour work day, Albert Einstein, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Bluma Zeigarnik, business climate, Cal Newport, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, Clayton Christensen, David Brooks, David Heinemeier Hansson, deliberate practice, digital divide, disruptive innovation, do what you love, Donald Knuth, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, en.wikipedia.org, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, experimental subject, follow your passion, Frank Gehry, Hacker News, Higgs boson, informal economy, information retrieval, Internet Archive, Jaron Lanier, knowledge worker, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Merlin Mann, Nate Silver, Neal Stephenson, new economy, Nicholas Carr, popular electronics, power law, remote working, Richard Feynman, Ruby on Rails, seminal paper, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, Snapchat, statistical model, the medium is the message, Tyler Cowen, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, web application, winner-take-all economy, work culture , zero-sum game

Postman died in 2003, but if he were alive today he would likely express amazement about how quickly his fears from the 1990s came to fruition—a slide driven by the unforeseen and sudden rise of the Internet. Fortunately, Postman has an intellectual heir to continue this argument in the Internet Age: the hypercitational social critic Evgeny Morozov. In his 2013 book, To Save Everything, Click Here, Morozov attempts to pull back the curtains on our technopolic obsession with “the Internet” (a term he purposefully places in scare quotes to emphasize its role as an ideology), saying: “It’s this propensity to view ‘the Internet’ as a source of wisdom and policy advice that transforms it from a fairly uninteresting set of cables and network routers into a seductive and exciting ideology—perhaps today’s uber-ideology.”

The Smartphone Society by Nicole Aschoff

"Susan Fowler" uber, 4chan, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Airbnb, algorithmic bias, algorithmic management, Amazon Web Services, artificial general intelligence, autonomous vehicles, barriers to entry, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, carbon footprint, Carl Icahn, Cass Sunstein, citizen journalism, cloud computing, correlation does not imply causation, crony capitalism, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, deep learning, DeepMind, degrowth, Demis Hassabis, deplatforming, deskilling, digital capitalism, digital divide, do what you love, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Downton Abbey, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, feminist movement, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, financial independence, future of work, gamification, gig economy, global value chain, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Googley, green new deal, housing crisis, income inequality, independent contractor, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Jessica Bruder, job automation, John Perry Barlow, knowledge economy, late capitalism, low interest rates, Lyft, M-Pesa, Mark Zuckerberg, minimum wage unemployment, mobile money, moral panic, move fast and break things, Naomi Klein, Network effects, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Nomadland, occupational segregation, Occupy movement, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, opioid epidemic / opioid crisis, PageRank, Patri Friedman, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, pets.com, planned obsolescence, quantitative easing, Ralph Waldo Emerson, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, RFID, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, Second Machine Age, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Sheryl Sandberg, Shoshana Zuboff, Sidewalk Labs, Silicon Valley, single-payer health, Skype, Snapchat, SoftBank, statistical model, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, surveillance capitalism, TaskRabbit, tech worker, technological determinism, TED Talk, the scientific method, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, TikTok, transcontinental railway, transportation-network company, Travis Kalanick, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, upwardly mobile, Vision Fund, W. E. B. Du Bois, wages for housework, warehouse robotics, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, yottabyte

Our social media feeds largely show us political content that we already “like.” If we don’t hear other people’s perspective, can we agree on a collective political project? Others say much of the behavior associated with modern social movement organizing is not real politics. They call it “slacktivism,” a term coined by the technology scholar Evgeny Morozov to describe how we think we’re changing the world with our online engagement but we’re actually doing nothing, or worse than nothing because if we weren’t fooled into thinking that our smartphone politics mattered maybe we’d be out in the streets, or in our communities, doing something real.57 A conversation between comedians Jerry Seinfeld and Trevor Noah on the Netflix show Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee lays out this popular position: SEINFELD: Doesn’t it seem like we’re striving to take the entire life experience and have it in our underwear?

Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be by Diane Coyle

3D printing, additive manufacturing, Airbnb, Al Roth, Alan Greenspan, algorithmic management, Amazon Web Services, autonomous vehicles, banking crisis, barriers to entry, behavioural economics, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, biodiversity loss, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, Boston Dynamics, Bretton Woods, Brexit referendum, business cycle, call centre, Carmen Reinhart, central bank independence, choice architecture, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, cloud computing, complexity theory, computer age, conceptual framework, congestion charging, constrained optimization, coronavirus, COVID-19, creative destruction, credit crunch, data science, DeepMind, deglobalization, deindustrialization, Diane Coyle, discounted cash flows, disintermediation, Donald Trump, Edward Glaeser, en.wikipedia.org, endogenous growth, endowment effect, Erik Brynjolfsson, eurozone crisis, everywhere but in the productivity statistics, Evgeny Morozov, experimental subject, financial deregulation, financial innovation, financial intermediation, Flash crash, framing effect, general purpose technology, George Akerlof, global supply chain, Goodhart's law, Google bus, haute cuisine, High speed trading, hockey-stick growth, Ida Tarbell, information asymmetry, intangible asset, Internet of things, invisible hand, Jaron Lanier, Jean Tirole, job automation, Joseph Schumpeter, Kenneth Arrow, Kenneth Rogoff, knowledge economy, knowledge worker, Les Trente Glorieuses, libertarian paternalism, linear programming, lockdown, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, low earth orbit, lump of labour, machine readable, market bubble, market design, Menlo Park, millennium bug, Modern Monetary Theory, Mont Pelerin Society, multi-sided market, Myron Scholes, Nash equilibrium, Nate Silver, Network effects, Occupy movement, Pareto efficiency, payday loans, payment for order flow, Phillips curve, post-industrial society, price mechanism, Productivity paradox, quantitative easing, randomized controlled trial, rent control, rent-seeking, ride hailing / ride sharing, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Robert Shiller, Robert Solow, Robinhood: mobile stock trading app, Ronald Coase, Ronald Reagan, San Francisco homelessness, savings glut, school vouchers, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, software is eating the world, spectrum auction, statistical model, Steven Pinker, tacit knowledge, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, The Great Moderation, the map is not the territory, The Rise and Fall of American Growth, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, the strength of weak ties, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, total factor productivity, transaction costs, Uber for X, urban planning, winner-take-all economy, Winter of Discontent, women in the workforce, Y2K

., 2017, Critical Elitism: Deliberation, Democracy, and the Politics of Expertise, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Moretti, E., 2012, The New Geography of Jobs, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Morozov, E. 2019, ‘Digital Socialism?’, New Left Review, 116 (March–June), https://newleftreview.org/issues/II116/articles/evgeny-morozov-digital-socialism. Morson, Gary S., and Morton Schapiro, 2016, Cents and Sensibility: What Economics Can Learn from the Humanities, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Nordhaus, W. D., 2015, ‘Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth’, NBER Working Paper 21547, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.

Free Speech: Ten Principles for a Connected World by Timothy Garton Ash

"World Economic Forum" Davos, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Aaron Swartz, activist lawyer, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Andrew Keen, Apple II, Ayatollah Khomeini, battle of ideas, Berlin Wall, bitcoin, British Empire, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, Citizen Lab, Clapham omnibus, colonial rule, critical race theory, crowdsourcing, data science, David Attenborough, digital divide, digital rights, don't be evil, Donald Davies, Douglas Engelbart, dual-use technology, Edward Snowden, Etonian, European colonialism, eurozone crisis, Evgeny Morozov, failed state, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ferguson, Missouri, Filter Bubble, financial independence, Firefox, Galaxy Zoo, George Santayana, global village, Great Leap Forward, index card, Internet Archive, invention of movable type, invention of writing, Jaron Lanier, jimmy wales, John Markoff, John Perry Barlow, Julian Assange, Laura Poitras, machine readable, machine translation, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Mary Meeker, mass immigration, megacity, mutually assured destruction, national security letter, Nelson Mandela, Netflix Prize, Nicholas Carr, obamacare, Open Library, Parler "social media", Peace of Westphalia, Peter Thiel, power law, pre–internet, profit motive, public intellectual, RAND corporation, Ray Kurzweil, Ronald Reagan, semantic web, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Simon Singh, Snapchat, social graph, Stephen Fry, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Streisand effect, technological determinism, TED Talk, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tipper Gore, trolley problem, Turing test, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, WikiLeaks, World Values Survey, Yochai Benkler, Yom Kippur War, yottabyte

Klausen 2009, 107 43. see Danyal Kazim, ‘“Innocence of Muslims” and the Manufacture of Outrage’, Free Speech Debate, http://freespeechdebate.com/en/discuss/innocence-of-muslims-and-the-manufacture-of-outrage/ 44. quoted in Eisenstein 1979, 304 45. quoted in Standage 2007, 162 46. Wohlstetter 1990–1991, 679–85 47. my attention was drawn to this term by Evgeny Morozov. Morozov 2011, 196–97 48. a notable exception was Tim Berners-Lee, who invented the World Wide Web while working at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, on the French-Swiss border. But his World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C, established in 1994, was based at MIT 49. ARPA, hence the original ARPAnet.

…

Amongst the many individuals to whom I owe specific intellectual debts are Richard Allan, Chinmayi Arun, Carol Atack, Clive Baldwin, Daniel Bell, Susan Benesch, Peter Berkowitz, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Rajeev Bhargava, Monika Bickert, Nigel Biggar, Lee Bollinger, Jonathan Bright, Andreas Busch, Luigi Cajani, Agnes Callamard, Ryan Calo, Gerhard Casper, Ying Chan, Stephen Coleman, Sandra Coliver, Paul Collier, David Davis, Richard Dawkins, Faisal Devji, Larry Diamond, Marc-Antoine Dilhac, David Drummond, Robin Dunbar, Ronald Dworkin, David Edgar, David Erdos, Amir Eshel, Khaled Fahmy, James Fenske, Jo Fidgen, James Fishkin, Francis Fukuyama, Iginio Gagliardone, Sue Gardner, Nazila Ghanea, Jo Glanville, Mike Godwin, Arnab Goswami, Victoria Grand, Leslie Green, Paul Haahr, Scott Hale, Ivan Hare, Usama Hasan, Jonathan Heawood, Eric Heinze, Andrew Hurrell, Richard Jenkyns, Dominic Johnson, Ayşe Kadıoğ lu, David Kennedy, Matthew Kirk, Henning Koch, Andrew Kohut, Markos Kounalakis, Steve Krasner, Anthony Lester, David Levy, Li Qiang, John Lloyd, Steven Lukes, Ken Macdonald, Alex Macgillivray, Noel Malcolm, Paolo Mancini, Erika Mann, Viktor Mayer-Schönberger, Jonathan Leader Maynard, Rory McCarthy, Andrew McLaughlin, Stephen Meili, Abbas Milani, Péter Molnár, Martin Moore, Evgeny Morozov, Edward Mortimer, Max Mosley, Turi Munthe, Norman Naimark, Victoria Nash, John Naughton, Aryeh Neier, Kalypso Nicolaïdis, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Peter Noorlander, Joseph Nye, Josiah Ober, Franz Josef Och, Kerem Öktem, Margie Orford, Richard Ovenden, David Pannick, Andrew Przybylski, Timothy Radcliffe, Jim Reed, Rob Reich, Michael Rosen, Alan Rusbridger, Jonathan Sacks, Sheryl Sandberg, Carol Sanger, Orville Schell, Eliot Schrage, Stephen Sedley, Soli Sorabjee, Philip Taubman, Daya Thassu, Mark Thompson, Lila Tretikov, Zeynep Tufekci, Barbara van Schewick, Jeremy Waldron, Jimmy Wales, Matt Walton, Nigel Warburton, Jeremy Weinstein, Rachel Whetstone, Kieran Williams, Rowan Williams, Justin Winslett, Tobias Wolff, Joss Wright, Tim Wu and Jonathan Zittrain.

Future Crimes: Everything Is Connected, Everyone Is Vulnerable and What We Can Do About It by Marc Goodman

23andMe, 3D printing, active measures, additive manufacturing, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, airport security, Albert Einstein, algorithmic trading, Alvin Toffler, Apollo 11, Apollo 13, artificial general intelligence, Asilomar, Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA, augmented reality, autonomous vehicles, Baxter: Rethink Robotics, Bill Joy: nanobots, bitcoin, Black Swan, blockchain, borderless world, Boston Dynamics, Brian Krebs, business process, butterfly effect, call centre, Charles Lindbergh, Chelsea Manning, Citizen Lab, cloud computing, Cody Wilson, cognitive dissonance, computer vision, connected car, corporate governance, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data acquisition, data is the new oil, data science, Dean Kamen, deep learning, DeepMind, digital rights, disinformation, disintermediation, Dogecoin, don't be evil, double helix, Downton Abbey, driverless car, drone strike, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Filter Bubble, Firefox, Flash crash, Free Software Foundation, future of work, game design, gamification, global pandemic, Google Chrome, Google Earth, Google Glasses, Gordon Gekko, Hacker News, high net worth, High speed trading, hive mind, Howard Rheingold, hypertext link, illegal immigration, impulse control, industrial robot, information security, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Internet of things, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Harrison: Longitude, John Markoff, Joi Ito, Jony Ive, Julian Assange, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, knowledge worker, Kuwabatake Sanjuro: assassination market, Large Hadron Collider, Larry Ellison, Laura Poitras, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lean Startup, license plate recognition, lifelogging, litecoin, low earth orbit, M-Pesa, machine translation, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Menlo Park, Metcalfe’s law, MITM: man-in-the-middle, mobile money, more computing power than Apollo, move fast and break things, Nate Silver, national security letter, natural language processing, Nick Bostrom, obamacare, Occupy movement, Oculus Rift, off grid, off-the-grid, offshore financial centre, operational security, optical character recognition, Parag Khanna, pattern recognition, peer-to-peer, personalized medicine, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, pre–internet, printed gun, RAND corporation, ransomware, Ray Kurzweil, Recombinant DNA, refrigerator car, RFID, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rodney Brooks, Ross Ulbricht, Russell Brand, Salesforce, Satoshi Nakamoto, Second Machine Age, security theater, self-driving car, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley startup, SimCity, Skype, smart cities, smart grid, smart meter, Snapchat, social graph, SoftBank, software as a service, speech recognition, stealth mode startup, Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, strong AI, Stuxnet, subscription business, supply-chain management, synthetic biology, tech worker, technological singularity, TED Talk, telepresence, telepresence robot, Tesla Model S, The future is already here, The Future of Employment, the long tail, The Wisdom of Crowds, Tim Cook: Apple, trade route, uranium enrichment, Virgin Galactic, Wall-E, warehouse robotics, Watson beat the top human players on Jeopardy!, Wave and Pay, We are Anonymous. We are Legion, web application, Westphalian system, WikiLeaks, Y Combinator, you are the product, zero day

Those trails of data detritus, however, are growing exponentially longer thanks to the computers we’re now carrying with us at every turn—our mobile phones. CHAPTER 7 I.T. Phones Home Mobile phones are one of the most insecure devices that were ever available, so they’re very easy to trace and they’re very easy to tap. EVGENY MOROZOV On March 21, 2002, Milly Dowler, a thirteen-year-old from Surrey, England, phoned her father to say she’d be home soon. Hours later, the teen still hadn’t arrived, and calls to her cell phone went unanswered. By the following evening, a massive search of the area was under way, and Milly’s disappearance had made national news.

…

After Meyer overcame the initial shock, we continued our discussions and eventually became friends. We also learned an important lesson together. Now, for the first time ever in the history of humanity, the human body itself was subject to cyber attacks. “We Are All Cyborgs Now” You know, anyone who wears glasses, in one sense or another, is a cyborg. EVGENY MOROZOV The term “cyborg”—short for “cybernetic organism”—conjures up images of a scary world populated with humanoid aggressors, such as the Cylons in Battlestar Galactica, the Borg in Star Trek, or the Cybermen in Doctor Who. Though the term is relatively new, the act of augmenting the limitations of the human body dates back millennia, with ancient peoples using wood, copper, and iron to replace missing or deformed limbs.

Live Work Work Work Die: A Journey Into the Savage Heart of Silicon Valley by Corey Pein

"World Economic Forum" Davos, 23andMe, 4chan, affirmative action, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Anne Wojcicki, artificial general intelligence, bank run, barriers to entry, Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL), Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, bitcoin, Bitcoin Ponzi scheme, Build a better mousetrap, California gold rush, cashless society, colonial rule, computer age, cryptocurrency, data is the new oil, deep learning, digital nomad, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Douglas Hofstadter, driverless car, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, Extropian, fail fast, fake it until you make it, fake news, gamification, gentrification, gig economy, Google bus, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Greyball, growth hacking, hacker house, Hacker News, hive mind, illegal immigration, immigration reform, independent contractor, intentional community, Internet of things, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, Jeff Bezos, job automation, Kevin Kelly, Khan Academy, Larry Ellison, Law of Accelerating Returns, Lean Startup, life extension, Lyft, Mahatma Gandhi, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, minimum viable product, move fast and break things, mutually assured destruction, Neal Stephenson, obamacare, Parker Conrad, passive income, patent troll, Patri Friedman, Paul Graham, peer-to-peer lending, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Peter Thiel, platform as a service, plutocrats, Ponzi scheme, post-work, public intellectual, Ray Kurzweil, regulatory arbitrage, rent control, RFID, Robert Mercer, rolodex, Ronald Reagan, Ross Ulbricht, Ruby on Rails, Sam Altman, Sand Hill Road, Scientific racism, self-driving car, selling pickaxes during a gold rush, sharing economy, side project, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley startup, Singularitarianism, Skype, Snapchat, Social Justice Warrior, social software, software as a service, source of truth, South of Market, San Francisco, Startup school, stealth mode startup, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, TaskRabbit, tech billionaire, tech bro, tech worker, TechCrunch disrupt, technological singularity, technoutopianism, telepresence, too big to fail, Travis Kalanick, tulip mania, Tyler Cowen, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, unit 8200, upwardly mobile, Vernor Vinge, vertical integration, Virgin Galactic, X Prize, Y Combinator, Zenefits

But in the mind of this high-level tech journalist, there was no reason to doubt Facebook’s assertion of political neutrality, or question how the unexamined race, class, and gender biases of its designers might have influenced the decisions they made as programmers, and thus the daily media intake of billions of users. At times, examples were made of those who departed from the script. This rarely took nudging by the industry—like overzealous hall monitors, the tech press policed their own. I met tech reporters who regarded sharp critics such as Evgeny Morozov as “cheap” and “nasty,” practically spitting his name. Anything but cheerleading was grounds for suspicion. Every moderately skeptical tech reporter I met had a private stockpile of anecdotes about company press reps threatening his or her editors—sometimes subtly, other times brazenly—with retaliation after receiving even slightly critical coverage.

The Digital Party: Political Organisation and Online Democracy by Paolo Gerbaudo

Airbnb, barriers to entry, basic income, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Californian Ideology, call centre, Cambridge Analytica, centre right, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, data science, digital capitalism, digital divide, digital rights, disintermediation, disruptive innovation, Donald Trump, Dunbar number, Edward Snowden, end-to-end encryption, Evgeny Morozov, feminist movement, gig economy, industrial robot, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, jimmy wales, Joseph Schumpeter, Mark Zuckerberg, Network effects, Occupy movement, offshore financial centre, oil shock, post-industrial society, precariat, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Richard Florida, Richard Stallman, Ruby on Rails, self-driving car, Silicon Valley, Skype, Slavoj Žižek, smart cities, Snapchat, social web, software studies, Stewart Brand, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, the long tail, Thomas L Friedman, universal basic income, vertical integration, Vilfredo Pareto, WikiLeaks

W. Busch and J.P. Moreno, ‘Banks’ new competitors: Starbucks, Google, and Alibaba’, Harvard Business Review 2 (2014): 1–3. 96. Swedish Pirate Party Declaration of Principles, 4.0 version, May 2012, retrieved from https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Pirate_Party_Declaration_of_Principles/4.0. 97. Evgeny Morozov, To save everything, click here: the folly of technological solutionism (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013). 98. Richard Florida, The great reset: how new ways of living and working drive post-crash prosperity (Toronto: Random House Canada, 2010). 99. Schumpeter, Capitalism, socialism and democracy, pp.81–83. 100.

The Twittering Machine by Richard Seymour

4chan, anti-communist, augmented reality, behavioural economics, Bernie Sanders, Big Tech, Black Lives Matter, Cal Newport, Californian Ideology, Cass Sunstein, Chelsea Manning, citizen journalism, classic study, colonial rule, Comet Ping Pong, correlation does not imply causation, credit crunch, crisis actor, crowdsourcing, dark triade / dark tetrad, disinformation, don't be evil, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, fake news, false flag, Filter Bubble, Gabriella Coleman, gamification, Google Chrome, Google Earth, hive mind, informal economy, Internet of things, invention of movable type, invention of writing, James Bridle, Jaron Lanier, Jeremy Corbyn, Jon Ronson, Jony Ive, Kevin Kelly, Kevin Roose, knowledge economy, late capitalism, Lewis Mumford, liberal capitalism, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, meta-analysis, Mohammed Bouazizi, moral panic, move fast and break things, Network effects, new economy, packet switching, patent troll, Philip Mirowski, post scarcity, post-industrial society, post-truth, RAND corporation, Rat Park, rent-seeking, replication crisis, sentiment analysis, Shoshana Zuboff, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Skinner box, smart cities, Snapchat, Social Justice Warrior, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Stewart Brand, Stuxnet, surveillance capitalism, TaskRabbit, technological determinism, technoutopianism, TED Talk, the scientific method, Tim Cook: Apple, Timothy McVeigh, Twitter Arab Spring, undersea cable, upwardly mobile, white flight, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks

Richard Barbrook and Andy Cameron, The Internet Revolution: From Dot-com Capitalism to Cybernetic Communism, Institute of Network Cultures: Amsterdam, 2015. 73. Milan Kundera, reflecting on Stalinist tyranny, argued . . . Quoted in John Forrester, Truth Games: Lies, Money and Psychoanalysis, Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, 1997, p. 81. 74. This, the ‘sour grapes’ theory of communications . . . Evgeny Morozov, ‘Moral panic over fake news hides the real enemy – the digital giants’, Guardian, 8 January 2017. CHAPTER SIX 1. In the moment of his supposed triumph . . . ‘Finsbury Park: Man “wanted to kill Muslims in van attack”’, BBC News, 22 January 2018; Lizzie Dearden, ‘Finsbury Park attack trial: Darren Osborne was “smiling” after running over Muslims with van, court hears’, Independent, 24 January 2018; Vikram Dodd, ‘How London mosque attacker became a terrorist in three weeks’, Guardian, 1 February 2018; Lizzie Dearden, ‘Darren Osborne: How Finsbury Park terror attacker became “obsessed” with Muslims in less than a month’, Independent, 2 February 2018; Nico Hines, ‘Neighbor of Terror Suspect Darren Osborne: “He’s Always Been a Complete C**t”’, Daily Beast, 19 June 2017. 2.

What Algorithms Want: Imagination in the Age of Computing by Ed Finn

Airbnb, Albert Einstein, algorithmic bias, algorithmic management, algorithmic trading, AlphaGo, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, bitcoin, blockchain, business logic, Charles Babbage, Chuck Templeton: OpenTable:, Claude Shannon: information theory, commoditize, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Credit Default Swap, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, data science, DeepMind, disruptive innovation, Donald Knuth, Donald Shoup, Douglas Engelbart, Douglas Engelbart, Elon Musk, Evgeny Morozov, factory automation, fiat currency, Filter Bubble, Flash crash, game design, gamification, Google Glasses, Google X / Alphabet X, Hacker Conference 1984, High speed trading, hiring and firing, Ian Bogost, industrial research laboratory, invisible hand, Isaac Newton, iterative process, Jaron Lanier, Jeff Bezos, job automation, John Conway, John Markoff, Just-in-time delivery, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, late fees, lifelogging, Loebner Prize, lolcat, Lyft, machine readable, Mother of all demos, Nate Silver, natural language processing, Neal Stephenson, Netflix Prize, new economy, Nicholas Carr, Nick Bostrom, Norbert Wiener, PageRank, peer-to-peer, Peter Thiel, power law, Ray Kurzweil, recommendation engine, Republic of Letters, ride hailing / ride sharing, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley billionaire, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, SimCity, Skinner box, Snow Crash, social graph, software studies, speech recognition, statistical model, Steve Jobs, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, supply-chain management, tacit knowledge, TaskRabbit, technological singularity, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, the Cathedral and the Bazaar, The Coming Technological Singularity, the scientific method, The Signal and the Noise by Nate Silver, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, transaction costs, traveling salesman, Turing machine, Turing test, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, urban planning, Vannevar Bush, Vernor Vinge, wage slave

The engineers are agnostic about the universe as a system; all they care about is accurately modeling certain parts of it, like the search results that best correspond to certain queries or the books that users in Spokane, Washington, are likely to order today. As Pasquale and a host of other digital culture critics from Jaron Lanier to Evgeny Morozov have argued, even the implicit claims to efficiency and “good-enough” rationalism at the heart of the engineer’s definition of algorithms have a tremendous impact on policy, culture, and the practice of everyday life, because the compromises and analogies of algorithmic approximations tend to efface everything that they do not comprehend.17 The expansion of the rhetoric of computation easily bleeds into what Hayles calls the “hard claim” for computationalism.

The Impulse Society: America in the Age of Instant Gratification by Paul Roberts

"Friedman doctrine" OR "shareholder theory", 2013 Report for America's Infrastructure - American Society of Civil Engineers - 19 March 2013, 3D printing, Abraham Maslow, accounting loophole / creative accounting, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Alan Greenspan, American Society of Civil Engineers: Report Card, AOL-Time Warner, asset allocation, business cycle, business process, carbon tax, Carl Icahn, Cass Sunstein, centre right, choice architecture, classic study, collateralized debt obligation, collective bargaining, computerized trading, corporate governance, corporate raider, corporate social responsibility, creative destruction, crony capitalism, David Brooks, delayed gratification, disruptive innovation, double helix, Evgeny Morozov, factory automation, financial deregulation, financial engineering, financial innovation, fixed income, Ford Model T, full employment, game design, Glass-Steagall Act, greed is good, If something cannot go on forever, it will stop - Herbert Stein's Law, impulse control, income inequality, inflation targeting, insecure affluence, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, job automation, John Markoff, Joseph Schumpeter, junk bonds, knowledge worker, late fees, Long Term Capital Management, loss aversion, low interest rates, low skilled workers, mass immigration, Michael Shellenberger, new economy, Nicholas Carr, obamacare, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, performance metric, postindustrial economy, profit maximization, Report Card for America’s Infrastructure, reshoring, Richard Thaler, rising living standards, Robert Shiller, Rodney Brooks, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Silicon Valley, speech recognition, Steve Jobs, stock buybacks, technological determinism, technological solutionism, technoutopianism, Ted Nordhaus, the built environment, the long tail, The Predators' Ball, the scientific method, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, too big to fail, total factor productivity, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, value engineering, Walter Mischel, winner-take-all economy

The “self-tracking” movement—the monitoring, analyzing, and even posting of everything from calorie intake to mood to home office productivity—provides us with an “objective” reflection of ourselves that is, almost by definition, encouraging the tendency toward self-focus. (Technology skeptic Evgeny Morozov calls self-trackers “data-sexuals.”) And of course the growing practice of photographing and displaying everything we do only fuels the narcissistic love of celebrity. Forty years ago, Lasch observed that modern life was so “thoroughly mediated by electronic images that we cannot help responding to others as if their actions—and our own—were being recorded and simultaneously transmitted to an unseen audience or stored up for close scrutiny at some later time.”19 Today, that vaguely paranoid sentiment is standard operating procedure.

Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work by Nick Srnicek, Alex Williams

3D printing, additive manufacturing, air freight, algorithmic trading, anti-work, antiwork, back-to-the-land, banking crisis, basic income, battle of ideas, blockchain, Boris Johnson, Bretton Woods, business cycle, call centre, capital controls, capitalist realism, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Cass Sunstein, centre right, collective bargaining, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, David Graeber, decarbonisation, deep learning, deindustrialization, deskilling, Doha Development Round, Elon Musk, Erik Brynjolfsson, Evgeny Morozov, Ferguson, Missouri, financial independence, food miles, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, full employment, future of work, gender pay gap, general purpose technology, housing crisis, housing justice, income inequality, industrial robot, informal economy, intermodal, Internet Archive, job automation, John Maynard Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, John Maynard Keynes: technological unemployment, Kickstarter, Kiva Systems, late capitalism, liberation theology, Live Aid, low skilled workers, manufacturing employment, market design, Martin Wolf, mass immigration, mass incarceration, means of production, megaproject, minimum wage unemployment, Modern Monetary Theory, Mont Pelerin Society, Murray Bookchin, neoliberal agenda, New Urbanism, Occupy movement, oil shale / tar sands, oil shock, Overton Window, patent troll, pattern recognition, Paul Samuelson, Philip Mirowski, post scarcity, post-Fordism, post-work, postnationalism / post nation state, precariat, precautionary principle, price stability, profit motive, public intellectual, quantitative easing, reshoring, Richard Florida, rising living standards, road to serfdom, Robert Gordon, Ronald Reagan, Second Machine Age, secular stagnation, self-driving car, Slavoj Žižek, social web, stakhanovite, Steve Jobs, surplus humans, synthetic biology, tacit knowledge, technological determinism, the built environment, The Chicago School, The Future of Employment, the long tail, Tyler Cowen, Tyler Cowen: Great Stagnation, universal basic income, wages for housework, warehouse automation, We are all Keynesians now, We are the 99%, women in the workforce, working poor, working-age population

., p. 79. 106.Jameson, Valences of the Dialectic; Toscano, ‘Logistics and Opposition’; Mike Davis, ‘Who Will Build the Ark?’, New Left Review II/61 (January–February 2010); Medina, Cybernetic Revolutionaries; Nick Dyer-Witheford, ‘Red Plenty Platforms’, Culture Machine 14 (2013); Terranova, ‘Red Stack Attack!’; Evgeny Morozov, ‘Socialise the Data Centres!’ New Left Review 91 (January–February 2015). 107.For a sophisticated argument to the contrary, see Bernes, ‘Logistics, Counterlogistics and the Communist Project’. 108.For a compelling quasi-fictional account of these problems, see Spufford, Red Plenty. 109.Caroline Saunders and Andrew Barber, Food Miles – Comparative Energy/Emissions Performance of New Zealand’s Agriculture Industry, Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, July 2006, pdf available at lincoln.ac.nz. 110.Feenberg, Transforming Technology, p. 58; Monika Reinfelder, ‘Introduction: Breaking the Spell of Technicism’, in Phil Slater, ed., Outlines of a Critique of Technology (London: Ink Links, 1980), p. 17. 111.There is an extensive literature on this political nature in the field of science and technology studies, but we would also add research on skill-biased and class-biased technical change.

Everything for Everyone: The Radical Tradition That Is Shaping the Next Economy by Nathan Schneider

1960s counterculture, Aaron Swartz, Adam Curtis, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, Airbnb, altcoin, Amazon Mechanical Turk, antiwork, back-to-the-land, basic income, Berlin Wall, Bernie Sanders, bitcoin, Black Lives Matter, blockchain, Brewster Kahle, Burning Man, Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, carbon footprint, carbon tax, Clayton Christensen, collaborative economy, collective bargaining, commons-based peer production, Community Supported Agriculture, corporate governance, creative destruction, crowdsourcing, cryptocurrency, Debian, degrowth, disruptive innovation, do-ocracy, Donald Knuth, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, emotional labour, Ethereum, ethereum blockchain, Evgeny Morozov, Fairphone, Food sovereignty, four colour theorem, future of work, Gabriella Coleman, gentrification, gig economy, Google bus, holacracy, hydraulic fracturing, initial coin offering, intentional community, Internet Archive, Jeff Bezos, Jeremy Corbyn, jimmy wales, John Perry Barlow, joint-stock company, Joseph Schumpeter, Julian Assange, Kevin Roose, Kickstarter, low interest rates, Lyft, M-Pesa, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, mass immigration, means of production, Money creation, multi-sided market, Murray Bookchin, new economy, offshore financial centre, old-boy network, Peter H. Diamandis: Planetary Resources, Pier Paolo Pasolini, post-work, precariat, premature optimization, pre–internet, profit motive, race to the bottom, Richard Florida, Richard Stallman, ride hailing / ride sharing, Rutger Bregman, Salesforce, Sam Altman, Satoshi Nakamoto, self-driving car, shareholder value, sharing economy, Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, smart contracts, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Stewart Brand, surveillance capitalism, tech worker, TED Talk, transaction costs, Turing test, Uber and Lyft, uber lyft, underbanked, undersea cable, universal basic income, Upton Sinclair, Vanguard fund, Vitalik Buterin, W. E. B. Du Bois, white flight, Whole Earth Catalog, WikiLeaks, women in the workforce, working poor, workplace surveillance , Y Combinator, Y2K, Zipcar

Robertson, Holacracy: The New Management System for a Rapidly Changing World (Henry Holt, 2015); Frederic Laloux, Reinventing Organizations: A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage of Human Consciousness (Nelson Parker, 2014). Perhaps it’s worth noting that I used Git to manage version-control for this book. 7. Jennifer Reingold, “How a Radical Shift Left Zappos Reeling,” Fortune (March 4, 2016). 8. Evgeny Morozov, “The Meme Hustler,” Baffler 22 (2013). 9. GitHub, “Open Source Survey,” opensourcesurvey.org/2017; Coraline Ada Ehmke, “The Dehumanizing Myth of the Meritocracy,” Model View Culture 21 (May 19, 2015); Ashe Dryden, “The Ethics of Unpaid Labor and the OSS Community,” (November 13, 2013), ashedryden.com/blog/the-ethics-of-unpaid-labor-and-the-oss-community. 10.

Writing on the Wall: Social Media - the First 2,000 Years by Tom Standage

An Inconvenient Truth, Bill Duvall, British Empire, Dunbar number, Edmond Halley, Edward Lloyd's coffeehouse, Evgeny Morozov, invention of the printing press, invention of writing, Isaac Newton, knowledge worker, Leonard Kleinrock, Marc Andreessen, Mark Zuckerberg, Menlo Park, Mohammed Bouazizi, New Journalism, packet switching, place-making, Republic of Letters, sexual politics, social intelligence, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, theory of mind, yellow journalism

This has been a hotly contested subject for some time—the Arab Spring has only intensified the argument. On the one hand are those, like Shirky, who point to the use of social media by activists and revolutionary movements, notably in Tunisia and Egypt, but also elsewhere; on the other are those, like the writers Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov, who have expressed skepticism that online support for a cause will necessarily translate into real-world action. Indeed, skeptics argue, purgatory right away tk5 supporting a cause online may even make people less likely to take action, because they may then feel they have done their bit (what Morozov likes to call “slacktivism”).

Ground Control: Fear and Happiness in the Twenty First Century City by Anna Minton

"there is no alternative" (TINA), Abraham Maslow, Albert Einstein, Berlin Wall, Big bang: deregulation of the City of London, Boris Johnson, Broken windows theory, call centre, crack epidemic, credit crunch, deindustrialization, East Village, energy security, Evgeny Morozov, Francis Fukuyama: the end of history, gentrification, ghettoisation, high-speed rail, hiring and firing, housing crisis, illegal immigration, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, Jaron Lanier, Kickstarter, moral panic, new economy, New Urbanism, race to the bottom, rent control, Richard Florida, Right to Buy, Silicon Valley, Steven Pinker, the built environment, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, The Spirit Level, trickle-down economics, University of East Anglia, urban decay, urban renewal, white flight, white picket fence, World Values Survey, young professional

WILSON, Redirect: The Surprising New Science of Psychological Change IAN KERSHAW, The End: Hitler's Germany, 1944-45 T M DEVINE, To the Ends of the Earth: Scotland's Global Diaspora, 1750-2010 CATHERINE HAKIM, Honey Money: The Power of Erotic Capital DOUGLAS EDWARDS, I'm Feeling Lucky: The Confessions of Google Employee Number 59 JOHN BRADSHAW, In Defence of Dogs CHRIS STRINGER, The Origin of Our Species LILA AZAM ZANGANEH, The Enchanter: Nabokov and Happiness DAVID STEVENSON, With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918 EVELYN JUERS, House of Exile: War, Love and Literature, from Berlin to Los Angeles HENRY KISSINGER, On China MICHIO KAKU, Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100 DAVID ABULAFIA, The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean JOHN GRIBBIN, The Reason Why: The Miracle of Life on Earth ANATOL LIEVEN, Pakistan: A Hard Country WILLIAM D COHAN, Money and Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World JOSHUA FOER, Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything SIMON BARON-COHEN, Zero Degrees of Empathy: A New Theory of Human Cruelty MANNING MARABLE, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention DAVID DEUTSCH, The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations that Transform the World DAVID EDGERTON, Britain's War Machine: Weapons, Resources and Experts in the Second World War JOHN KASARDA AND GREG LINDSAY, Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next DAVID GILMOUR, The Pursuit of Italy: A History of a Land, its Regions and their Peoples NIALL FERGUSON, Civilization: The West and the Rest TIM FLANNERY, Here on Earth: A New Beginning ROBERT BICKERS, The Scramble for China: Foreign Devils in the Qing Empire, 1832-1914 MARK MALLOCH-BROWN, The Unfinished Global Revolution: The Limits of Nations and the Pursuit of a New Politics KING ABDULLAH OF JORDAN, Our Last Best Chance: The Pursuit of Peace in a Time of Peril ELIZA GRISWOLD The Tenth Parallel: Dispatches from the Faultline between Christianity and Islam BRIAN GREENE, The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos JOHN GRAY, The Immortalization Commission: The Strange Quest to Cheat Death, PATRICK FRENCH, India: A Portrait LIZZIE COLLINGHAM, The Taste of War: World War Two and the Battle for Food HOOMAN MAJD, The Ayatollahs' Democracy: An Iranian Challenge DAMBISA MOYO, How The West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly - And the Stark Choices Ahead EVGENY MOROZOV, The Net Delusion: How Not to Liberate the World RON CHERNOW, Washington: A Life NASSIM NICHOLAS TALEB, The Bed of Procrustes: Philosophical and Practical Aphorisms HUGH THOMAS, The Golden Age: The Spanish Empire of Charles V AMANDA FOREMAN, A World on Fire: An Epic History of Two Nations Divided NICHOLAS OSTLER, The Last Lingua Franca: English until the Return of Babel RICHARD MILES, Ancient Worlds: The Search for the Origins of Western Civilization NEIL MACGREGOR, A History of the World in 100 Objects STEVEN JOHNSON, Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation DOMINIC SANDBROOK, State of Emergency: The Way We Were: Britain, 1970-1974 JIM AL-KHALILI, Pathfinders: The Golden Age of Arabic Science HA-JOON CHANG, 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism ROBIN FLEMING, Britain After Rome: The Fall and Rise, 400 to 1070 TARIQ RAMADAN, The Quest for Meaning: Developing a Philosophy of Pluralism JOYCE TYLDESLEY, The Penguin Book of Myths and Legends of Ancient Egypt NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON, Adam Smith: An Enlightened Life PAUL GREENBERG, Four Fish: A Journey from the Ocean to Your Plate CLAY SHIRKY, Cognitive Surplus: Creativity and Generosity in a Connected Age ANDREW GRAHAM-DIXON, Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane NIALL FERGUSON, High Financier: The Lives and Time of Siegmund Warburg SEAN MCMEEKIN: The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany's Bid for World Power, 1898-1918 RICHARD MCGREGOR, The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers SPENCER WELLS, Pandora's Seed: The Unforeseen Cost of Civilization FRANCIS PRYOR, The Making of the British Landscape: How We Have Transformed the Land, from Prehistory to Today RUTH HARRIS, The Man on Devil's Island: Alfred Dreyfus and the Affair that Divided France MICHAEL HUNT ed., A Vietnam War Reader: American and Vietnamese Perspectives PAUL COLLIER, The Plundered Planet: How to Reconcile Prosperity With Nature NORMAN STONE, The Atlantic and Its Enemies: A History of the Cold War SIMON PRICE AND PETER THONEMANN, The Birth of Classical Europe: A History from Troy to Augustine HAMPTON SIDES, Hellhound on his Trail: The Stalking of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the International Hunt for His Assassin JACKIE WULLSCHLAGER, Chagall: Love and Exile RICHARD MILES, Carthage Must be Destroyed: The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Civilization TONY JUDT, Ill Fares The Land: A Treatise On Our Present Discontents MICHAEL LEWIS, The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine OLIVER BULLOUGH, Let Our Fame Be Great: Journeys among the Defiant People of the Caucasus PAUL DAVIES, The Eerie Silence: Searching for Ourselves in the Universe RICHARD WILKINSON, KATE PICKETT, The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone TOM BINGHAM, The Rule of Law JOSEPH STIGLITZ, Freefall: Free Markets and the Sinking of the Global Economy JOHN LANCHESTER, Whoops!

No Such Thing as a Free Gift: The Gates Foundation and the Price of Philanthropy by Linsey McGoey

"World Economic Forum" Davos, activist fund / activist shareholder / activist investor, Affordable Care Act / Obamacare, agricultural Revolution, American Legislative Exchange Council, Bear Stearns, bitcoin, Bob Geldof, cashless society, clean water, cognitive dissonance, collapse of Lehman Brothers, colonial rule, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, crony capitalism, effective altruism, Etonian, Evgeny Morozov, financial innovation, Food sovereignty, Ford paid five dollars a day, germ theory of disease, hiring and firing, Howard Zinn, Ida Tarbell, impact investing, income inequality, income per capita, invisible hand, Jane Jacobs, John Elkington, Joseph Schumpeter, Leo Hollis, liquidationism / Banker’s doctrine / the Treasury view, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, meta-analysis, Michael Milken, microcredit, Mitch Kapor, Mont Pelerin Society, Naomi Klein, Neil Armstrong, obamacare, Peter Singer: altruism, Peter Thiel, plutocrats, price mechanism, profit motive, public intellectual, Ralph Waldo Emerson, rent-seeking, road to serfdom, Ronald Reagan, school choice, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Silicon Valley, Slavoj Žižek, Steve Jobs, strikebreaker, subprime mortgage crisis, tacit knowledge, technological solutionism, TED Talk, The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Thorstein Veblen, trickle-down economics, urban planning, W. E. B. Du Bois, wealth creators