legacy carrier

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Boeing Versus Airbus: The Inside Story of the Greatest International Competition in Business by John Newhouse

Airbus A320, airline deregulation, Bay Area Rapid Transit, Boeing 747, Build a better mousetrap, corporate governance, demand response, high-speed rail, legacy carrier, low cost airline, MITM: man-in-the-middle, upwardly mobile

During the worst downturn in the U.S. airline industry’s history, legacy carriers were pressed hard by pilots to award or sustain contracts that were probably not sustainable. These contracts could hasten the collapse of some carriers, and the jobs from which so many of their pilots have prospered. Relations between the senior management of legacy carriers and the pilots’ union—the Air Line Pilots Association (known as ALPA)—have worsened since deregulation. Some industry analysts argue that the pilots are largely to blame. Oddly, the salaries of those who fly for the legacy carriers, besides being too high, are based on the size—actually, the weight—of the aircraft they fly.

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Over the next four years U.S. airlines cut capital spending by 62 percent while taking on $16 billion of new debt to cover losses.12 Since 2000, the legacy carriers have eliminated more than one hundred cities from their schedules, although regional airlines now operate many of the routes. The ripple effect of serious and concurrent adversity cut a wide swath. According to Louis Miller, executive director of the Tampa International Airport (which is probably as well organized and designed as any airport anywhere), “The financial instability of the six legacy carriers represents the single biggest problem for airports. The airports get no public money and are fully self-supporting.

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“Maybe they will get more real,” said JetBlue’s David Neeleman.21 Getting more real, however, would mean matching Delta’s much lower, much simpler fare structure with an equally radical new approach to paring costs; but even with their survival at stake, the legacy carriers probably won’t shrink their cost structure enough—enough, that is, to allow them to adopt the low-cost model and compete on even terms with LCCs. Within three years or so of 9/11, airline load factors had reached an all-time high and yet these companies were in a financial free fall. It’s probably only a matter of time before some or all of the six legacy carriers make their exit. Whether any of them can survive will depend on events. One or more of them might find solid ground by upgrading service, improving on-time performance, and, in the bargain, gaining major concessions from the unions.

Dead Companies Walking by Scott Fearon

Alan Greenspan, bank run, Bear Stearns, Bernie Madoff, Black Monday: stock market crash in 1987, book value, business cycle, Carl Icahn, corporate raider, cost per available seat-mile, creative destruction, crony capitalism, Donald Trump, Eugene Fama: efficient market hypothesis, fear of failure, Golden Gate Park, hiring and firing, housing crisis, index fund, it's over 9,000, Jeff Bezos, John Bogle, Joseph Schumpeter, Larry Ellison, late fees, legacy carrier, McMansion, moral hazard, multilevel marketing, new economy, pets.com, Ponzi scheme, Ronald Reagan, short selling, short squeeze, Silicon Valley, Snapchat, South of Market, San Francisco, Steve Jobs, survivorship bias, Upton Sinclair, Vanguard fund, young professional

He leaned forward and put both elbows on his desk. “Here’s the thing. Before we went Chapter 11, Continental was the f***ing ham in the f***ing ham sandwich.” “Excuse me?” Lorenzo laid one hand on top of another. “Here’s a sandwich, okay? Only it’s not a sandwich. It’s the airline industry. The top slice of bread is the legacy carriers, American, United, Pan Am, those guys. Now, everybody knows their prices are outrageous. They’re way, way overpriced because they’ve got high labor costs. But they get away with it because business travelers use them. They’re flying on a corporate expense account, so they don’t give a damn what a ticket costs.

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As he himself pointed out, Southwest had permanently changed the airline business with its discount model. There was no getting around that. Lorenzo knew that Continental had to reinvent itself to stay alive. His methods were drastic. But they were necessary. And just as he predicted that summer afternoon in his office, the other legacy carriers have been forced to adopt them. In the thirty years since Lorenzo willingly took Continental into bankruptcy, every single major US airline except Southwest has filed for bankruptcy at least once. Some, like Continental and United, have even filed multiple times. Notes *Aaron Sankin, “How Blockbuster Almost Beat Netflix,” Daily Finance, November 14, 2014.

Quality Investing: Owning the Best Companies for the Long Term by Torkell T. Eide, Lawrence A. Cunningham, Patrick Hargreaves

air freight, Albert Einstein, asset light, backtesting, barriers to entry, buy and hold, carbon tax, cashless society, cloud computing, commoditize, Credit Default Swap, discounted cash flows, discovery of penicillin, endowment effect, global pandemic, haute couture, hindsight bias, legacy carrier, low cost airline, mass affluent, Network effects, oil shale / tar sands, pattern recognition, price elasticity of demand, proprietary trading, shareholder value, smart grid, sovereign wealth fund, supply-chain management, vertical integration

Of late it has used the profitability and leanness of its cost-consciousness to obtain aircraft acquisition financing at vastly lower rates than rivals, who must pay more due to costly structural burdens such as pension benefits. Similarly, Ryanair has begun to encroach into primary airports and business travel, to an extent replacing Europe’s retrenching legacy carriers. Ryanair’s cultural embrace of low-cost operation yields margins and returns on capital unrivalled in the industry. It boasts steady and substantial earnings growth with earnings tripling over the past decade. Banks: A few hidden low-cost winners The banking sector is not generally a rich mine of quality businesses, but there may be a few hidden low-cost winners in the mix.

The Virgin Way: Everything I Know About Leadership by Richard Branson

barriers to entry, Boeing 747, call centre, carbon footprint, Celtic Tiger, clean water, collective bargaining, Costa Concordia, do what you love, Donald Trump, Elon Musk, flag carrier, friendly fire, glass ceiling, illegal immigration, index card, inflight wifi, Lao Tzu, legacy carrier, low cost airline, M-Pesa, Mahatma Gandhi, Mark Zuckerberg, Nelson Mandela, Northern Rock, profit motive, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ronald Reagan, shareholder value, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, stem cell, Steve Jobs, Tesla Model S, Tony Fadell, trade route, vertical integration, Virgin Galactic, work culture , zero-sum game

As with John in Australia three years earlier, Craig’s hiring may have been a surprise to a few people who had thought Steve Ridgway’s successor (Steve had been Virgin Atlantic’s CEO for twelve years) was probably going to come from within the airline. Again, though, like in Australia, we opted to take someone from a big legacy carrier – it wasn’t the first time we went fishing at American, having hired David Cush from there to head up Virgin America some years earlier. From the get-go I was impressed with Craig’s easy-going manner and one part of his CV also jumped off the page: his role at American several years earlier in London had included putting together American Airlines’ big alliance with British Airways.

Cockpit Confidential: Everything You Need to Know About Air Travel: Questions, Answers, and Reflections by Patrick Smith

Airbus A320, airline deregulation, airport security, Atul Gawande, Boeing 747, call centre, Captain Sullenberger Hudson, collective bargaining, crew resource management, D. B. Cooper, high-speed rail, inflight wifi, Korean Air Lines Flight 007, legacy carrier, low cost airline, Maui Hawaii, Mercator projection, military-industrial complex, Neil Armstrong, New Urbanism, pattern recognition, race to the bottom, Skype, Tenerife airport disaster, US Airways Flight 1549, zero-sum game

No amount of attrition, expansion, or even the impending wave of retirements you sometimes hear about will come close to depleting this supply. At the regionals it’s a different story. Tenure at a regional was once assumed to be temporary. It was a job one took before—fingers crossed—moving on to a more lucrative slot with a legacy carrier. This progression was never guaranteed, but if nothing else, it served as a carrot that kept a supply of young, talented, and highly motivated pilots moving through the ranks. That was then. The regional sector is much, much larger than it used to be, and hiring by the majors has slowed to a trickle.

Hedge Fund Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager

asset-backed security, backtesting, banking crisis, barriers to entry, Bear Stearns, beat the dealer, Bernie Madoff, Black-Scholes formula, book value, British Empire, business cycle, buy and hold, buy the rumour, sell the news, Claude Shannon: information theory, clean tech, cloud computing, collateralized debt obligation, commodity trading advisor, computerized trading, credit crunch, Credit Default Swap, credit default swaps / collateralized debt obligations, delta neutral, diversification, diversified portfolio, do what you love, Edward Thorp, family office, financial independence, fixed income, Flash crash, global macro, hindsight bias, implied volatility, index fund, intangible asset, James Dyson, Jones Act, legacy carrier, Long Term Capital Management, managed futures, margin call, market bubble, market fundamentalism, Market Wizards by Jack D. Schwager, merger arbitrage, Michael Milken, money market fund, oil shock, pattern recognition, pets.com, Ponzi scheme, private sector deleveraging, proprietary trading, quantitative easing, quantitative trading / quantitative finance, Reminiscences of a Stock Operator, Right to Buy, risk free rate, risk tolerance, risk-adjusted returns, risk/return, riskless arbitrage, Rubik’s Cube, Savings and loan crisis, Sharpe ratio, short selling, statistical arbitrage, Steve Jobs, systematic trading, technology bubble, transaction costs, value at risk, yield curve

It is a controversial call, but that is how you make money when you are right. My view is that the lack of profitability in airlines has its origins back in the days when airlines were regulated. Regulation fostered the proliferation of airlines because prices were protected, and it also resulted in very high cost structures. When the airlines were deregulated, the legacy carriers, who had very high cost structures, had to compete with newcomers, such as Southwest Airlines, who had a much lower cost structure because they had not been exposed to years and years of a pricing umbrella, which encouraged inefficiency. Two things happened that changed the investment outlook for airlines.

Palo Alto: A History of California, Capitalism, and the World by Malcolm Harris

2021 United States Capitol attack, Aaron Swartz, affirmative action, air traffic controllers' union, Airbnb, Alan Greenspan, Alvin Toffler, Amazon Mechanical Turk, Amazon Web Services, Apple II, Apple's 1984 Super Bowl advert, back-to-the-land, bank run, Bear Stearns, Big Tech, Bill Gates: Altair 8800, Black Lives Matter, Bob Noyce, book scanning, British Empire, business climate, California gold rush, Cambridge Analytica, capital controls, Charles Lindbergh, classic study, cloud computing, collective bargaining, colonial exploitation, colonial rule, Colonization of Mars, commoditize, company town, computer age, conceptual framework, coronavirus, corporate personhood, COVID-19, cuban missile crisis, deindustrialization, Deng Xiaoping, desegregation, deskilling, digital map, double helix, Douglas Engelbart, Edward Snowden, Elon Musk, Erlich Bachman, estate planning, European colonialism, Fairchild Semiconductor, financial engineering, financial innovation, fixed income, Frederick Winslow Taylor, fulfillment center, future of work, Garrett Hardin, gentrification, George Floyd, ghettoisation, global value chain, Golden Gate Park, Google bus, Google Glasses, greed is good, hiring and firing, housing crisis, hydraulic fracturing, if you build it, they will come, illegal immigration, immigration reform, invisible hand, It's morning again in America, iterative process, Jeff Bezos, Joan Didion, John Markoff, joint-stock company, Jony Ive, Kevin Kelly, Kickstarter, knowledge worker, land reform, Larry Ellison, Lean Startup, legacy carrier, life extension, longitudinal study, low-wage service sector, Lyft, manufacturing employment, Marc Andreessen, Marc Benioff, Mark Zuckerberg, Marshall McLuhan, Max Levchin, means of production, Menlo Park, Metcalfe’s law, microdosing, Mikhail Gorbachev, military-industrial complex, Monroe Doctrine, Mont Pelerin Society, moral panic, mortgage tax deduction, Mother of all demos, move fast and break things, mutually assured destruction, new economy, Oculus Rift, off grid, oil shale / tar sands, PageRank, PalmPilot, passive income, Paul Graham, paypal mafia, Peter Thiel, pets.com, phenotype, pill mill, platform as a service, Ponzi scheme, popular electronics, power law, profit motive, race to the bottom, radical life extension, RAND corporation, Recombinant DNA, refrigerator car, Richard Florida, ride hailing / ride sharing, rising living standards, risk tolerance, Robert Bork, Robert Mercer, Robert Metcalfe, Ronald Reagan, Salesforce, San Francisco homelessness, Sand Hill Road, scientific management, semantic web, sexual politics, Sheryl Sandberg, Silicon Valley, Silicon Valley ideology, Silicon Valley startup, social web, SoftBank, software as a service, sovereign wealth fund, special economic zone, Stanford marshmallow experiment, Stanford prison experiment, stem cell, Steve Bannon, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Steven Levy, Stewart Brand, stock buybacks, strikebreaker, Suez canal 1869, super pumped, TaskRabbit, tech worker, Teledyne, telemarketer, the long tail, the new new thing, thinkpad, Thorstein Veblen, Tim Cook: Apple, Tony Fadell, too big to fail, Toyota Production System, Tragedy of the Commons, transcontinental railway, traumatic brain injury, Travis Kalanick, TSMC, Uber and Lyft, Uber for X, uber lyft, ubercab, union organizing, Upton Sinclair, upwardly mobile, urban decay, urban renewal, value engineering, Vannevar Bush, vertical integration, Vision Fund, W. E. B. Du Bois, War on Poverty, warehouse robotics, Wargames Reagan, Washington Consensus, white picket fence, William Shockley: the traitorous eight, women in the workforce, Y Combinator, Y2K, Yogi Berra, éminence grise

Despite its overwhelming control of the contracting process, Amazon considered but declined to require on-road training for its drivers, finding it would be a “bottleneck” for getting new workers on the road. “Amazon officials have ignored or overlooked signs that the company was overloading its fast-growing delivery network while eschewing the expansive sort of training and oversight provided by a legacy carrier like UPS,” Callahan’s team found.43 One early casualty of Amazon’s delivery system was Joy Covey, the firm’s first chief financial officer, who was killed in 2013 when one of the company’s contracted drivers collided with her bicycle on the South Bay’s Skyline Boulevard. Bezos personally eulogized Covey at her memorial, and then pushed ahead with Dragon Boat.